Textual author Piao [day] paddy wall Rong Yang
Extract and compile Piao He Ye
From wild vivid plant and mankind common origin begins, mixed life people had lived 3.5 billion years on this world. In long time, different life was on not same way, also modelled us from this now.
On December 20, 2013, decision of the 68th conference announces the the United Nations General Assembly annual was the world on March 3 day of wild vivid plant, with raising people wild to the world vivid floral is known. The world is tough 2021 the theme of vivid plant day is " forest and bread: Defend the mankind and world " , and the propagandist theme of our country is " promote green development, stimulative person and natural harmony are accrete " .
Person and nature are a lasting topic, and life is more among them extend is ancient constant presence. In the endless flow of 4.6 billion years of life with endless earth, biology slowly the mechanism that evolution gives life change, just had biologic meaning to go up thereby " unripe " and " dead " , be concealed in biology " die " , be come out by creation actually. All biology, it is deliver life " baton " .
In Jing Gang university agronomy studies what what Rong Yang writes to science and education awards paddy to wall " every life is important " in one book, he told about course of life of 29 kinds of biologic to us. This enough lets us realize, crack oneself up is advanced life we, with other life -- no matter be animal or plant -- same, having the destiny of be closely bound up.
Section of the following content is chosen from " every life is important " , already obtained press accredit print to send.
" every life is important " , [Day] paddy wall Rong Yang is written, song Gang interpret, the press is believed in in September 2020 edition.
Secret life is genetic: Marine snow
What be less than in solar illuminate is deep-sea in, have the material of a kind of white, flutter like just like snowflake wave fall.
The material like this snow, call marine snow, be worthy of the name, be " the snow in ocean " .
The real look of marine snow is the body of plankton.
Plankton (Plankton) one word originates express " pelagian " Hellenic, those who point to is suspension in water layer individual very little live thing.
Marine snow
Plankton includes a lot of sort. The small-sized animal such as the young that is like crab of the small Yu Baobao that just was born, shrimp, daphnia and tiny monad are called plankton.
The monad that only a cell comprises is the most primitive biology, without complex construction, just undertake segmentation, increase an amount.
A segmentation is two, this is former some individual and gone, brand-new individual birth? Or, new individual be original and individual spare time from one's main work to attend to sth else only?
To simple monad, "Die " not simple. Monad one divides into two, this did not leave remains of mother cell postmortem among them, the specification does not exist among this " death " .
They just repeat intently duplicate to his and increase an amount, so simple live thing, on nonexistent biology meaning " die " .
Life is born on the earth was 800000030 about the thing before. In all life that period that is a monad, it is nonexistent in biology " die " .
Think commonly, "Death " visit biology, happen in billion about before New Year. Have very long period of time, biology won't be gone. Accordingly, "Death " it is biology is in be as long as in the life history endless flow 800000030, oneself creates a when go out great invention.
If a life just increases through duplicating individual, cannot get rid of the stale and bring forth the fresh, still can produce duplicate error and bring about degenerative. Accordingly, biology chose the method that new form builds without destruction there can be no construction in evolution.
But, if be destroyed entirely, retort with challenging questions accedes with having. Because this had from the mother gene is carried over there the cell, recombine produces the method of new student life, that is the sex of male and female. That is to say, while creation male and female are tectonic, biology innovation went " death " mechanism.
Go up personally in the monad paramecium that has relatively complex construction, although do not have what male and female make clear this kind " quality " differentiate, but gene recombines after two individual union, can become two new individual.
After two paramecium are united in wedlock, became two new paramecium, because the paramecium after passing like such renascence is different from former paramecium, can think new paramecium is created to come out so, and former some is individual already gone.
such, life innovation went " renascence " mechanism.
The monad won't be dead. But, that just says they do not have life. The monad is impossible also forever living. The little that because water quality, water is warm,tectonic and simple monad meets changes and gone. Then, the body accumulation of the monad is in marine.
In endless earth history in, marine " snow " issue ceaseless all the time.
Idiom of no less than is said: Accumulate earth to become hill. The body of small plankton, pile up gradually in long earthly history, became rock eventually.
Radiative bug silicon pledges by radiative bug the skeleton accumulation of this kind of small plankton forms cliff. Additional, pile up by the skeleton of foraminifer and lime rock also is become.
Be in but in the time endless flow with dread Wei, the remains of small plankton, innovation gave tellurian land. Form so many rock, where is the birth that how many life needs after all and die out? How many life to have again after all does volt rise and fall since amid?
The remains of plankton maintains his composure the ground, silently, sink silently. Won't stop forever, also do not have a person to see absolutely, marine snow descends so accumulation is in dim sea floor.
Life lasted so 800000030.
Do not have in the world of the zebra " anile " this concept
People can surprised certainly, the child of the zebra can stand up after be born a few hours, can not beat back and forth a little while, run.
And human child from be born to stand up to walk groggily, the time that needs one year about. So compare, the growth rate of the zebra is surprising.
The zebra stands quickly, run, because,be they if not so do cannot live.
Zebra
Meat animal is like the lion, the small zebra that because they are firm,won't be born is lenient. Contrary, the lion can assault the small zebra that just was born certainly, regard them as goluptious prey.
Most flyspeck horse can make dish of Chinese food of meat animal before manhood, only the favorite ability of those successful take flight survives.
Of course, grow up and do not mean can loosen vigilance.
Have a bit inadvertent, even if be flashy carelessness,meet get killed. And, those zebras that run not quite quickly, also can be eaten off likewise.
Only enough vigilance, run enoughly fast zebra ability enough subsist. The zebra lives so namely and developmental.
People classics regular meeting discusses, prospective mankind will how developmental. Perhaps brains is met more develop, become big tribal chief, because do not move,limb is met and attenuate.
But, such developmental itself is impossible.
Survival of the fittest is developmental motivation. If be in,talent of a big head can live, and the brutal times that young tribal chief can eradicate, perhaps human head can become tremendous, but human world is not such. When producing brutal struggle for existence only, ability can cause evolution.
Animation film " Madagascar " (2005) stage photo. The lion in the central park that the story told about the life to be in new York Mai Erman of the base of a fruit of horse of Yalikesi, zebra, giraffe and fat hippo Geluoliya's story. One day, the base of a fruit of your zebra horse produced the penguin that a flock of roaming about a bold thought, that escapes namely a zoo, seek oneself home, search new world.
Do not have in the world of the zebra " anile " this concept.
The zebra is good at running, won't be reachcaptured by the lion easily, but the addition as the age, should run only ability has a bit drop or the body has a bit unwell, can become the cate in lion mouth, a day that when less than they are vivid aging. The lion can give already flat zebra deadly biff sometimes, also can eat off the zebra of so long as one still has a breath left directly sometimes. The zebra that is assaulted by the lion can try hard him move the body, however, the lion is met from softness splanchnic begin to eat.
Even if the favorite that did not make a surprise attack by the lion, fall ill when them or because get hurt very frail when, vulture can gather beside them. Those wait not as good as the vulture of zebra get killed will be direct peck zebra. If all vulture simultaneously go into battle, the body with huge zebra can be between instantly melt into bones of the dead.
Anyhow, the lifetime of the zebra is with be being eaten off ending.
Allegedly, in the zebra of the life in the zoo, life is controlled for 30 years, and the life that we do not know feral zebra.
Natural span of life of drink to the dregs -- in the world in the zebra, this kind of happy dead law is nonexistent.
Did not have force,
The lion became the food of other animal
The lion is called the king of 100 animal.
They are in everyday keep assaulting a zebra.
Lamentable is, calculate the king that they are 100 animal, in capture a zebra to obtain after satisfying, they still can feel hungry again after all.
Be in charge of those who catch hunt zebra is lioness. Strong male lion is in charge of protecting lion group and ensure the sphere of influence that catchs hunt. Lioness participates in what wait for an animal to the zebra to surround hunt below the protection of male lion.
But zebra also won't await one's doom. To the lion, overtake go all out do one's best run zebra group not be a simple thing. Actually, most moment catchs hunt end in order to fail.
To protect oneself, herbivore also produced evolution. To the lion, the elephant that just was born and rhinoceros prey easily, but they cannot be resembled with manhood or be grown rhinoceros contends. If be discovered by grown elephant or grown rhinoceros, the lion may strike back and get killed.
The lion
The horn of the Niu Ke herbivore such as bison or gnu develops quite, they with this comminatory lion. The lion wants to have their young son, can be protected sometimes child the bison that the heart cuts is swung open, can be supported to lose life thereby by bison horn even.
The difficulty of herbivore depends on them always be being remembered with concern by the lion; And meat animal also has trouble, the word that if do not take other animal,is them then is met starved to death. To the lion, catching hunt is life-and-death likewise one wrestle.
If catch hunt to fail again and again, the lion that does not have prey can be starved place browbeats. Most what sacrifice first is lionet.
The herbivore such as the zebra is pregnant every time can produce horse of a flyspeck, but the lion is pregnant every time can be delivered of 3 two lionet. The child amount that produces is much, the survival rate of lion offspring is lower perhaps.
Newsreel " wild animal marvellous spectacle " (2003) stage photo.
Some lioness are met by desperately self-defensive zebra is hurt with hind leg kick. Sufferred the lion that hurt or got disease to cannot catch hunt, become frail gradually. They bear pain, disease, hunger at the same time, awaiting dead advent at the same time.
Male lion also is such.
Strong male lion can become lion king all to get lion group, and those male lion that lack power are met by expulsive lion group. This is lion world live law.
Lion group Wang Ye is not get sth done once and for ever. Once they went up the evidence of age occurrence consenescence, can be replaced by young male lion, be driven out to give lion group. Lamentable is, acceded the child of arteries and veins of lion king blood can be killed by new lion king. Want to assure the hematic arteries and veins of lion king, not easy.
Be driven out to give lion group how is lion king met?
Dispatch from lioness collective this can see the zebra that catch hunt, catch hunt after all to have much difficulty.
Even if is to be called the strong and strong male lion of the king of 100 animal, an isolated force fights bravely also catch prey very hard. The searchs hyena to take surplus only animal debris that it can do. By expulsive lion group male lion also does not eat even a full meal, final meeting is so hungry that final meeting do not have even the effort that walk.
Nature is the world of a the law of jungle, awaiting an animal people destiny no more than two kinds: Eat or be eaten.
Did not have force, the lion became the food of other animal.
Hyena, jaokal is waiting for lion bullet to use up grain all the time with vulture absolutely, dog-tired that momently.
Although the lion can live 30 years or so in the zoo, but allegedly they had not lived 10 years below feral condition.
Even if lion is the king of the 100 animal on the prairie, also do not have the dead way with easy what. Lose Wang Zhe power when, it is the day of the arrival of their the inevitable hour.
Then, the lion also is eaten off, final trend dies. This is the law of nature.
The dog stemmed from the need to the mankind to be close to the mankind actively
Domesticate by feral wolf and the dog comes originally.
But, the wolf is feral meat animal, the associate that how became the mankind from beast of prey are they?
Normally gang adopts the wolf collective action, the strong wolf with head wolf or higher position is protective wolf group or family, can have extremely strong aggressiveness. And wolf group in the wolf with inferior status, can show to cacique gentle and compliant. Those gentle wolves, namely the ancestor of the dog that we raise now.
Think commonly, the dog walks into the time that the mankind lives daily, should antedate far the mankind feeds the plant-eating animal such as goat, sheep, begin the time that pasturage lives. Pasturage traceable before 10000, and we are conjectural, making an appointment with the Old Stone Age before 15000 early, the dog had begun to live jointly with the mankind.
Although the word is such, "Dog traceable mankind is right the domestication of the wolf " there still is heavy doubtful point in this one view.
Originally to the mankind, wolf the exterior menace that beast of this kind of carnivorous ought to be be terrified making a person. So, the wild animal eating the meat that why wants domestic and such dreariness is the mankind after all?
And, raise the sentence of the dog, with respect to need will finite food component dials a dog. Chasing collection times, the mankind and wolf are in the relationship that develops competition around prey. If raise can the animal that earmark feeds capable person, understand very easily. However the reason that we had not found the mankind to need to raise a dog.
Still have a doubt -- even if without the dog, the mankind also can chase, the mankind cannot leave the ground of the dog.
The film " the mission of a dog " (2017) stage photo.
Recent research thinks, not be human need dog, however the need that the dog stems from pair of mankinds was close to the mankind actively. The ancestor of the dog is considered as the wolf of one part docile, they are in wolf a group of things with common features the status is inferior, lack enough food already, did not catch the ability of hunt alone again. Then, the dog nowadays -- once had beg the wolf at the mankind a group of things with common features descendant -- was close to the mankind actively, begin to seek food in human remains of a meal.
And to the mankind, the dog can help chase prey when chase, also can stand sentry cautionary foreign enemy inbreaks, conduce to in a lot of respects improve chasing efficiency.
such, the mankind and dog form companionate concern, begin to live together.
Next, passed more than 10000 years.
Now, entered " pet is hot " times.
The dog chases prey no longer, also serve as rarely special dog and bark growl. The main task of most dog is, love to bestow favor on when, be held in both hands to be in control by the mankind.
Be in Japan allegedly, the amount of cat, dog is even more than the number of children, so many pet entered human family. Picture such " dog dog flourishs greatly " times, probably unprecedented. Can say the heaven that is pet really.
There is lovely puppy in pet shop selling, the price is more recipient also, asing if is to pick a toy kind, everyday a lot of dogs are bought.
People is to the requirement of pet dog " lovely " .
If the doggie was not in after be born before long find inside childhood period buy the home, can be remained.
Await " remnant dog " people destiny, it is to attack kill processing.
And the dog that is bought fortunately, also meet the growth as the age, the lovely interest on the sort of doggie body when losing firm redemptive home. Also have a few dogs among them then, be played like the toy be bored with, be needed no longer.
This kind of dog can be sent " the animal protects a center " . Although was used here " send " and " protection " these two words, can not be all dogs can obtain protection because of this. After all everyday a lot of dogs are discarded by host evacuation comes, undertake to all dogs protection is not actual.
Then, the animal protects a center to be able to use carbon dioxide gas to carry out euthanasia to the dog. Saying is " euthanasia " , drive them narrow room namely actually, privative oxygen makes his strangle.
Be in Japan only, have every year add up to 50 thousand cats, dog is adopted to attack kill processing.
Chose the mankind to serve as companionate dog, early had been to leave the mankind to cannot live the condition that go down. And now nowadays, they can face such outcome only.
Whether does elephant have cognitive capacity?
Whether can in all Where is affection?
Have about " elephantine grave " fabulous.
As it is said, elephant is after the inevitable hour that feels his beforehand, can leave an elephant actively group, set out go to crying " elephantine grave " place. Messy ground is piling up over there the bone of a lot of elephant and tooth, elephant lays down in this elephant grave, meet death quietly.
Hearsay tells us, elephant is such, do not let other companion witness his to move toward the end of life absolutely.
But actually this is not true.
Elephant is the biggest animal on land. In elephant gens bodily form slants big African elephant, its body length can exceed 7 meters, weight exceeds 6 tons. Although have so enormous body, also never the body that the person has seen an elephant on prairie of tropics rare tree, because this ability had such fokelore. And, it is allegedly meaning the poacher in hunt ivory to large quantities of hawking ivory, and used this one fokelore ably.
The body of elephant was not discovered by the mankind, have a reason.
The life of elephant is 70 years about, this calculates in the animal quite macrobian. Accordingly, the dead itself of elephant is very infrequent.
Newsreel " earthly the people " (2011) stage photo.
And, on the earth with dry prairie of tropics rare tree, have so much biology is hungry gut. If had the body of elephant, above all, hyena can be bitten defeat that crass skin, gnaw eat among them meat. Next, condor can gather in fleshy hole, devouringly is swallowed eat. such, huge body small hole looked at elephant to leave skeleton only. Connect bone finally also by decency, return to still give the earth entirely. Accordingly, the mankind just had not seen the body of elephant.
Nevertheless, present research level already promoted considerably, we can have observed the body of elephant.
Resembling grave is a fokelore only.
As the development that studies to elephant, people discovers elephant probably can cognitive death. Allegedly somebody has seen elephant is the manner that gone companion laments. For instance, some elephant try the body of uprear exanimate companion, hand food they. Return some elephant to be able to scatter clay and leaf on the body, asing if is to grieving over companion.
Is elephant true can does acknowledge die?
Say elephant is brains clever, having powerful in all affection the animal of ability. We know, elephant makes each group by mother elephant and small elephant, in the group mutual between existing to communicate complexly, help each other thereby, live jointly. If have,encounter a trouble, elephant can extend aid, photograph of your kind effort is aided, can comfort each other, after producing conflict, also can become reconciled.
Newsreel " ivory game " stage photo.
This looks to be without distinction with the mankind simply, saying elephant is clever animal, from the point of this really such.
So whether does elephant have cognitive capacity? Whether can in all Where is affection? We do not know.
It is an animal in, does only the mankind just have special feeling?
Still say, just be ground of our mankind one's own wishful thinking goes with the eye of personification look upon elephant, does this ability think they are sentient?
Is elephant how look upon " die " ? Did elephant understand really " death " ?
This may be ground of human one's own wishful thinking defines them only " look very sadness " . Probably, they just are taking care of the companion that cannot act, and feel incomprehensible to motionless companion.
Probably, that just stems from a kind of instinct that does not have any meanings.
But...
I think those who say is, so did our mankind understand " death " ? After a person is gone, can you become what kind of?
Everybody does not know. "Die " to our mankind, still be a business that cannot understand.
Say elephant is the animal that meeting grieve dies.
Perhaps, elephant to dying this thing, what know than our mankind is even much, to living meaning, clearer than us also, die than we grieve over more deeply thereby.
Stand in the perspective observation of elephant, the mankind also is the animal that meeting grieve dies.
But, be in " death " before, connecting the mankind also is helpless. Our conceit is the spirit of everythings on earth to grow, live in the times with all-purpose science and technology, when but face,dying, still helpless. Stopped breath when beloved person, can never act again, face such brutal reality, our mankind can do, also be only, it is distress only.
Article section is chosen from " every life is important " , partial crosshead is added for complier place, blame is textual and all, already obtained press accredit print to send.
Author Piao [day] paddy wall Rong Yang
Extract and compile Piao He Ye
Edit Piao Zhang Ting
Proofread ｜ Li Shihui
