Construction of main body structure is common common fault of 10 kinds of quality, behave form and measure of prevention and cureOne, project of reinforcing steel bar
Behave a form:
Span of reinforcing steel bar of floor small diameter, position assures hard; Lose displacement of position of curved quadrature reinforcing steel bar; Ministry of part of bridge, post advocate ply of muscle covering layer slants small; Leak outside muscle of the band after pattern plate is demolished.
Measure of prevention and cure of floor reinforcing steel bar:
Design phase, below the premise of contented structure safety and cost economy, should preferential choose small diameter 3 class reinforcing steel bar. Because intensity of 3 class reinforcing steel bar is more than one class reinforcing steel bar, not easy in construction trample. Construction phase, irrigate step should be taken when building Tong, in stool of mount a horse of pattern plate overlay, board is worn on the shop, construction personnel is in board go out to drill, do not want direct trample reinforcing steel bar.
Floor loses curved quadrature reinforcing steel bar
Enjoy measure of prevention and cure of curved quadrature reinforcing steel bar
Construction phase: When colligation of reinforcing steel bar, the equestrian stool that should add enough strength below reinforcing steel bar of the quadrature that lose a turn is propped up, irrigate in concrete build end, special tool is used when wiping a face will carry on reinforcing steel bar at any time to exact position, before concrete coagulates eventually, forbidden go up person trample;
Bridge, column advocate measure of prevention and cure of muscle covering layer
When muscle of band of the bridge that make, column, answer to be made strictly according to the sectional dimension treatment of the design. Lose position in the turn of band muscle especially, below the condition that changes curved radius effectively to allow in the standard, answer to bend way of reduce by half certainly through field test, prevent a turn to had been folded small, bring about advocate muscle relying on band cannot be tightened when muscle colligation, and make covering layer too big (reduce component part sectional dimension) .
Advocate what ply of muscle covering layer points to is the smallest ply, but not be bigger better.
Prevent column wall advocate the measure of muscle shift sees figure below:
2, pattern plate common fault and prevention and cure
Behave a form: Flat-fell seam is lax, cause Tong brace up leakage oar appears when pounding, tong surface is rough whole, the blemish such as face of occurrence beehive hemp.
Administer measure: Pattern plate is going all out outfit after finishing, because be versed in Cheng Jun uses wooden pattern plate for the most part now, be in in juncture stickup a scotch tape is the better method that solves leakage oar, but often be when colligation of reinforcing steel bar, as a result of reinforcing steel bar procrastinate move, will stickup adhesive plaster is destroyed, cause to concrete instead adverse.
And the best material that solves problem of oar of this kind of leakage effectively or double-faced glue cotton is used between pattern plate flat-fell seam, stickup in board edge, so basic meeting puts an end to concrete to irrigate the common fault of the oar that build leakage.
Pattern plate flat-fell seam is lax the phenomenon is serious
Premise is to construction before concrete construction the unit raises this kind of requirement, and carry out strictly, had better be agree in contract provision, get very hard carrying out otherwise.
3, concrete common fault
Behave a form: Concrete brace up pound not close-grained or leakage brace up, muscle of hole, leakage, surface appears after pattern plate is demolished loose, break
Administer measure: Strengthen administrator by station consciousness, concrete is irrigated when building, inspect manage, Party A must spot whole journey is superintended, especially a few crucial position, wait for place like layer of high-level architectural foundation, changeover. Once these place appear problem, will give a structure security or use a function to cause massive harm!
Photograph of muscle of some project leakage
Some project picture (muscle of leakage of ladder board bottom)
Quality of some project concrete
4, blame main wall is interstitial
Behave a form:
Break appears between the column of fill wall and concrete structure, wall, Liang Zhi; The break of itself of plasterer of block wall body.
Administer measure:
Material choice: When build by laying bricks or stones is built, the age of small block of concrete of block of evaporate pressing aerocrete, light aggregate is not gotten little at 28d; Preferential choose appropriative build by laying bricks or stones to build mortar.
Group step method: Blame bearing second build by laying bricks or stones builds part of one's job of body of build by laying bricks or stones, every time build by laying bricks or stones builds height to should not exceed 1.5 M. After before should be being waited for, second build by laying bricks or stones builds mortar to coagulate eventually, continue again build by laying bricks or stones is built; fill its again step is very fast.
When 3m of wall tall Xiaoyu, should wait for build by laying bricks or stones of body of build by laying bricks or stones to build end build by laying bricks or stones fills after removed 7d at least. Be not main wall body and concrete to hand over place ash to seam mortar to want full and close-grained, net of reinforcing steel bar piece the setting should reach the designated position.
Plasterer layer craze controls measure: Dirt of surface of block of air entrainment Tong should clear clean; In the surface even besmear is brushed or spray interface inorganic agent; Processing of basic level of cent of plasterer of body of wall of air entrainment Tong, transfer a plasterer and facing plasterer, special transfer the layer is statified construction is one of crucial link that ensure plasterer layer does not rouse craze for nothing. Every plasterer ply is not more than 1CM. Beard of the 2nd plasterer is advanced a plasterer coagulates eventually rear can undertake, activity in series of avoid by all means and plasterer shape.
5, cast-in-place Tong floor is interstitial
Behave a form: The break of break of floor board top, be well versed in of board bottom and positive character and corner office are interstitial
Administer measure:
Design phase: The ply of floor is unfavorable be less than 120mm, should not be between kitchen, lavatory bath be less than 90mm; Floor matchs muscle appropriate to choose small diameter, small span to match muscle pattern. Span of reinforcing steel bar getting power is unfavorable be more than 150mm, upside of board part part suffers span of force reinforcing steel bar to should not be be more than 100mm, distributinging muscle span is unfavorable be more than 200mm. Roofing and double deck of setting of part of floor in relief part two-way reinforcing steel bar, span of reinforcing steel bar is unfavorable be more than 100mm, diameter of reinforcing steel bar is unfavorable be less than Ф 8, big span floor board appropriate of reinforcing steel bar uses double deck two-way.
every positive character and corner office increase cast-in-place board 5-7 root Ф the radiative muscle of 10, length is not less than 1500mm, girth corner is in, increase 2 Ф 12 corner muscle.
Construction phase.
Lay inside floor appropriate of electrical wiring canal avoids across, must alternate what is appropriate to the occasion uses wiring box form. Forbidden three-layer and crisscross of three-layer above cop are folded put. Necessary what is appropriate to the occasion adds steel wire to wait in cop place strengthen measure. The line is in charge of a diameter to be more than 20mm what is appropriate to the occasion to use metal conduit.
Control aggregate clay content and arenaceous bead way strictly, must not use fine especially arenaceous, fine arenaceous the aggregate that exceeds bid with clay content mixes make concrete.
Construction unit should be mixed according to project configuration about the regulation reasonable and affirmatory concrete is irrigated build program, make sure concrete is close-grained, must not leave buy construction to seam at will. In by the regulation construction taking place is seamed place, should strengthen brace up pound, make sure concrete is united in wedlock thick and fast. Brace up pound concrete to should have avoided brace up, the appropriate before coagulating at the beginning of concrete makes the same score 2-3 to all over with wooden float rub.
Building (house) face plate concrete is irrigated after building, answer to take significant conserve step in time, make sure concrete is in moisture and relatively airtight condition. Pattern plate and its bracket must be had bear the weight of enoughly force, stiffness and stability. Before concrete strength achieves 1.2N/mm2, must not carry in the trample on its, caboodle or install pattern plate and bracket.
Step should be taken in construction, avoid to pile up material exceeds pattern plate to design load and construction load to arise to building face plate bigger strike action. Should avoid to demolish pattern plate prematurely, form removal time sets according to the standard certainly.
6, horn of the wall below the window, window " character 8 is seamed "
Behave a form: Appear in window horn " splay " inclined break, common the place of fill wall windowsill that mixes structure and frame structure at the brick, the upside of the window also discovers from time to tome.
Reason: Because the temperature contraction stress of foundation counterpressure and body of bricky build by laying bricks or stones is collective action place generation is interstitial; Build by laying bricks or stones builds mortar grade too low, sex of wall body whole is bad, temperature change makes wall body bilges shrink generation is interstitial. Pattern plate of lintel of window able to read aloud fluently is demolished premature, lintel is out of shape cause window horn break.
Administer measure: To enhance the integral sex of wall body, layer of 1-2 of brick wall body uses M10 to mix mortar build by laying bricks or stones to build, when build by laying bricks or stones is built, ensure of mortar full degree, vertical stroke is seamed also must full. Inside 1-2 layer brick wall brick of every 3 skins puts network of reinforcing steel bar of 4@60 of a Ф piece, net piece connect of reinforcing steel bar uses spot welding, reinforcing steel bar should extend the 200mm inside column of both sides compose, strickle of a mortar has been spread to put first when build by laying bricks or stones is built get online piece in blow a mortar, assure a network piece fluctuation mortar achieves 4mm.
Every windowsill Tong board takes the cast-in-place reinforcing steel bar with cast-in-place thick 60mm, use reinforcing steel bar of C20 above Tong to use 3 Ф 10, 6@200 of distributinging muscle Ф , inside the tectonic column that reinforcing steel bar extends two side, connect of reinforcing steel bar should spot welding increases strength.
The proposal carries a layer on the head to be built with build by laying bricks or stones of high grade mortar, enhance the strength of whole carrying a layer on the head,
When window lintel form removal, tong intensity should be achieved 80% , avoid to use form removal of hammer bash pattern plate.
7, balcony cast-in-place bars board vertical stroke to break
Behave a form: Balcony column board after demolishing, column board surface produces vertical stroke to perforative sex break.
Generation reason: Design of column board reinforcing steel bar is unreasonable, diameter of reinforcing steel bar getting power is small, mesh is too big; Tong ply is insufficient, brace up when pounding Tong, position of reinforcing steel bar produces deflection; Tong slump is too big; Form removal gets prematurely of outside force bump.
Administer measure: Cast-in-place column board ply should be 80-100mm thick, reinforcing steel bar getting power is not less than Ф 8, its span is not more than 150mm, the span of 6 is not more than Ф of distributinging reinforcing steel bar 150mm, not less than 2 Ф grow the reinforcing steel bar that press a top 10 times setting; After colligation of reinforcing steel bar is good, in net of reinforcing steel bar piece two side hang covering layer space block to prevent reinforcing steel bar brace up the displacement when pounding; Irrigate build bar board with C20 Tong, cobble bead diameter is 5-31.5mm arenaceous in be arenaceous.
Tong is strict according to cooperate to compare, the biggest slump is 50mm, tong brace up when pounding, with insert type vibrating head, statified brace up solid; Ply of next layer of makings part of one's job are not more than 250mm thick, should one-time irrigate build finish, do not leave construction to seam;
To prevent sodden root, irrigate water of the application when building to rinse juncture place, shop 5cm thick mortar irrigates again Tong; Tong is irrigated build after finishing 12 hours, be enclothed or water conserve not less than 7 days; Particular strength is achieved after Tong is irrigated (proposal 50% above) ability form removal, should avoid to use fierce prize of hammer bash or crow as far as possible when enlarge model.
8, Tong construction is seamed do not accord with a regulation
Behave a form: Construction is seamed stay set malposition truly, did not stay in by normative regulation cut force the least place; Construction is seamed place receive raft processing is undeserved, the steel wire with commonly used nowadays has certain segregation effect to pouring concrete newly, weakened the adhesion of new old concrete.
Administer measure: General provision, the construction of concrete is seamed should stay in cut force lesser and the place of facilitating construction, column should leave a level to seam, bridge, board, the wall should leave vertical lap seam.
And board the large section bridge that becomes whole repeatedly, construction is seamed leave buy to be in board underside is the following 20 - 30mm place.
Have the floor of bridge of primary and secondary, appropriate is irrigated down second bridge direction build, construction seams the 1/3 limits in should leaving buy to be crossed in second bridge inside.
The construction of board type stair is seamed should stay in ladder paragraph board 3 place of 1 ／ , leave buy to be in normally on 3 paces or the limits of below 3 paces.
The construction of post is seamed should stay in the 50mm below bridge; Bridge stays inside the 3 limits of 1 ／ among span.
One-way board construction is seamed can leave buy to be in parallel at board any positions of short edge.
The construction of the wall seams appropriate to be set in door hole lintel to cross medium 1/3 section. When the boundary that uses what is appropriate to the occasion of big pattern plate to stay in freely wall, should leave vertical lap seam.
Irrigating the surface that place concrete must seam to former construction before building fresh concrete to undertake wool is handled certaining, show cobble, rinse the floating dust of clean surface.
Perfusion picket construction does not accord with a requirement
Behave a form: Perfusion picket did not amount to the layer that hold power (or the deepness that enter cliff is insufficient) ; Picket concrete is discontinuous, have fault; Protect mural cave in, picket body shrinks diameter.
Administer measure: When slop protects mural bore picket to did not achieve those who design a requirement to hold force layer when bore deepness, the rock broken bits that should carry the layer that hold power to picket undertakes analytic affirming, and assure to have the enough depth that enter cliff.
Although achieve,design a requirement when bore deepness, but picket bottom is sedimentary thicker or when picket carries concrete separation, should be before perfusion concrete, 2 clear opening, determine the sand content of slop, adjust slop proportion.
Prevent to go up unplug tracheal slop is entered when picket is being formed inside the canal, should control unplug tubal speed, those who assure concrete perfusion is successional; Before perfusion, check tracheal sealing, prevent tracheal joint sealed and bad, slack form picket.
There should be strong pervious bed in earthy layer or make the cave in that protect a wall brings about picket body to shrink when diameter, should adjust appropriate slop proportion. When hole depth more shallow and when slop proportion is larger, picket upside concrete produces the local phenomenon that place mud, the equipment such as applied crane raises the height of concrete perfusion.
Picket of the artificial perfusion that dig hole should have groundwater seep serious earthy layer or when shedding arenaceous layer, should reduce every height that protects a wall, will around without shed arenaceous picket aperture to dig deep, make its have catchment well effect, in the concrete that protect a wall at the same time mix into enters early strong dose, or use steel to protect open caisson of canister, prefab concrete to wait as protect a wall.
10, dimension of tall, room exceeds indoor clear height, layer the deviation that the standard allows
Behave a form: Clear height is insufficient, the room opens occasional to exceed a standard into deep dimension deviation, occurrence differ in roll end diameter.
Administer measure: Layer and 6 above are built, phase of main body construction, every other three-layer should pass obligate aperture to be cast up from rock-bottom reference point measure a floor reference point, measure verticality of main body structure, the biggest span of reference point must not be more than 30m, reference point should close even become rectangle.
Every floor should play an axes, measure a level, undertake superstratum floor construction accordingly, control the level of superstratum concrete floor strictly.
When construction of body of build by laying bricks or stones, must set a skin to count lever to control level, every floor before build by laying bricks or stones is built should measure a level, exist to be differred high, use arenaceous paddle or make level of fine stone concrete.
Strict according to the design position of axes of wall, column and geometrical dimension establish a standard, of pattern plate of wall, column establish a model to answer preferential use solder steel methodological spacing, it is namely outside longitudinal veins that stand out under the skin of the wall that reachs floor, column side, press the position that play a line, head of spot welding reinforcing steel bar, in order to control the geometrical measure that wall, column establishs a standard.
Adornment phase should play the level that give and construction of axes control line strictly by place, make very grey cake, bid muscle and protect part, plasterer layer ply should accord with design requirement.
Press in time examine batch have a building indoor elevation, axes, verticality measure, rectify and reform in time to the problem of the examination.
