In project, if construction is undeserved, regular meeting creates quality problem. Accordingly, ground of relevant measure utmost should be adopted to eliminate quality common fault in construction, in order to make sure engineering construction is safe. The common quality common fault in the project and measure of its prevention and cure were arranged below, look together.
One, project of cubic meter of earth
In process of construction of engineering of cubic meter of earth, slope of cave in of the slope side requirement of short of of packing of earth of cave in of slope of edge of water of measure of land of regular meeting occurrence field, fill, backfill, excavation, edge exceeds dig, base hole (groove) bubble water, base hole (groove) backfill.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) the filling inside field is serious and statified backfill is ground pressure (tamper) solid, make packing does not ask under the design, avoid a pine to fill; Become good place by the requirement catchment slope and barrel-drain; Had done measure review a case in which a death sentence has been passed by a lower court, avoid occurrence elevation error.
(2) gradient of the slope side permanent fill should press design regulation to put slope according to value of the sort of fill height, earth and project; Clear by the requirement base and do form of a flight of stairs to receive raft; Choose the earthy makings that accords with a requirement, undertake by standard of filling squeezing ramming statified, backfill is ground press or tamp; On edge slope bottom becomes good drain, avoid the seeper inside the limits that stabilizes in the slope side the influence.
(3) the earthy makings that chooses to accord with a requirement undertakes backfill; The property of squeezing ramming machinery that chooses by place; Through the experiment affirmatory water content controls ply of earth of every shop inside limits, squeezing ramming to all over number, mechanical travelling speed; Undertake the level divides a backfill strictly, pressure (tamper) solid; Strengthen the spot to examine, make its achieve the packing of the requirement.
(4) according to different earth layer earthy circumstance adopts proper excavation gradient; Make step of nice ground drain off water, base when there is groundwater inside hole excavate limits, take precipitation step, fall water level to base the following 0.5m; Earth, caboodle is abandoned to carry on slope top, make be far from 3~5mm of excavation earth brim; Excavate of cubic meter of earth should section of from above to below is statified and ordinal undertake; Avoid to dig slope foot first, cause slope body to break firm.
(5) mechanical excavate, obligate 0.3m is thick collect labour of choose and employ persons to construct slope; Strengthen measure answer measure, have firm fixed position.
(6) excavate radical hole (groove) all round should set barrel-drain or block water bank; Excavation should set barrel-drain and collect well under subterranean water level, with pump successive platoon goes or flow into more low-lying place to be discharged oneself, make drawdown comes excavate cotton is the following 0.5~1.0m.
(7) before backfill, discharge the seeper in groove clean; Silty, loosen the soil, sundry clear clean; Backfill earth is adopted by the requirement strict and statified fill, tamp; Control must not contain a diameter to be more than the clod of 5cm in earthy makings, reach more dry clod; Forbidden with water heavy law answers filling.
2, concrete project
When concrete construction, often be not worth because of concrete strength, cooperate to compare not accurate, agitate is inhomogenous, brace up pound not close-grained, and the spot is irrigated build undeserved, conserve is undesirable wait for an element, bring about muscle of occurrence hemp face, dew, interstitial, beehive, hole, aperture and interlining to wait for quality common fault.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) should reasonable choose cement intensity and concrete design intensity, can mix in concrete when necessary the mix into in closing matter adds mixture material or decrease water agent to wait, will improve concrete to mix workability closing matter.
(2) concrete freedom slump must not exceed 2m, if should take the step such as string of canister, chute more than,undertake falling expecting, and should section, at the same time, statified undertake the makings below concrete is reached brace up pound.
(3) concrete is irrigated before building, answer to check position of reinforcing steel bar and covering layer ply first, ensure whether its accord with a requirement, if discover a problem,answer seasonable nap. Normally for, to sufferring the ply of concrete covering layer of force reinforcing steel bar, wallboard place should be 15mm, bridge post office should be 25mm, fundamental point should be 35mm.
(4) when photograph of component of cast-in-place of concrete of different intensity grade joins, answer to install the juncture of two kinds of concrete in the component of low intensity grade, and juncture should be apart from advanced course component to have certain space. Be like juncture the concrete grade of two side is different and cent applies man-hour early or late, can install fixed screen mesh along booked juncture position; If wait for juncture the concrete order and degree of two side is same and irrigate at the same time when building, can install segregation board along booked juncture position.
(5) when conserve, should use enclothe plastic film and flame retardant careless shade and the program that aspersion conserve photograph joins undertakes, and aspersion of the beard in conserve process keeps wet, conserve time not less than 7d, and the conserve time when wintry period construction is average not less than 14d.
3, project of reinforcing steel bar
When construction of reinforcing steel bar, often do not accord with a requirement because of raw material of reinforcing steel bar, choose space block dimension incorrect, build receive, solder construction operation is undeserved wait for an element, bring about occurrence reinforcing steel bar to machine blemish more, solder off quality, space block of covering layer of reinforcing steel bar does not accord with a requirement, reinforcing steel bar is built receive length of the solid that reach anchor insufficient, the quality common fault such as mistake of colligation of position of band muscle connect.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) clip of two upright reinforcing steel bar holds Yu Ga to provide inside, answer up and down homocentric, and diameter of fluctuation reinforcing steel bar differs unfavorable more than two class. In the meantime, reinforcing steel bar solders reinforcing steel bar goes up to should keep perpendicular in the process with stability, between the slippery lever of clamping apparatus and conduit.
(2) when decorating space block, should place by wintersweet shape, and the distance must not pass big, should make sure space block is placed at the same time firm, forbidden become loose, displacement, fall off, and brace up the beard when pounding concrete prevents space block displacement.
(3) the mechanical join connect of fore-and-aft reinforcing steel bar getting power and solder the length of contact join section should be 35d, and must not be less than 500mm. Inside same link section, the percentage of area of connect of fore-and-aft reinforcing steel bar getting power of press press area should not is more than 50% ; Suffer pull an area to should not be more than 25% .
(4) reinforcing steel bar solders before construction, should keep clear of reinforcing steel bar or armor plate solder place, or the reinforcing steel bar that contacts with electrode apparently rusty spot is smeary, sundry wait. If reinforcing steel bar carries an occurrence turn to fold, screwy, answer to undertake Jiao Zhi or be excised.
(5) colligation of reinforcing steel bar must crossing of reinforcing steel bar all colligation, muscle of fundamental bridge band is used tangle buckle colligation, board colligation of reinforcing steel bar uses character 8 to buckle bind completely, and must assure reinforcing steel bar not shift.
4, pattern plate project
When pattern plate construction, constant because pattern plate dimension is wrong, pattern plate keel is used makings lesser or span slants big, pattern plate stiffness is poor, agent of drawing of patterns is used undeserved, set not the element such as the prison, cause occurrence elevation error, axes deflection, the structure is out of shape, juncture is lax wait for quality common fault.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) when the design, should itself of mature pattern plate load of self-prossessed, construction, and the side direction pressure of the generation when the self-prossessed, beat of concrete, make sure pattern plate has sufficient carrying capacity, stiffness and stability thereby.
(2) when pattern plate is made, should make sure its ply is not more than 2mm, make sure its norms size is exact, edges and corners is flat and bright and clean, facing level off, flat-fell seam is smooth severe. In the meantime, the height of fence post pattern plate should compare the 30mm of clear height tower above of dimension of fence post structure.
(3) when construction, should pull level, vertical stroke to open a line, set vertical stroke to verticality control line, 4 in the building large part and elevator well still answer to undertake elevation locates in the meantime, use laser to hang down accurate instrument makes the reference point that measures lower level floor up.
(4) after every pattern plate is demolished, the pattern plate that place of the body, mouth of a cave that face a margin wears outside beard general, honest stuff, steel tube is buckled clear clean. After if all pattern plate all are finished,be being demolished, must put odd material code to appoint a place, outside placing, be worn and must not face its edge mouth of a cave to be in.
(5) tear open the pattern plate below to should undertake in time clearing, amend, brush agent of drawing of patterns, if be winter construction, the building pattern plate that still should arrive in time to be not being used undertakes classify, put in storage, set pattern plate dry and ventilated office, must not expose pattern plate outer ministry directly, lest wait because of snow of cold frost, rain,be eroded or microtherm affects pattern plate quality.
5, project of body of build by laying bricks or stones
Agitate of mortar of existence of project of body of build by laying bricks or stones is not had metric, did not use mortar mixer, add additive at will, strike the wall on the brick, length of the muscle that help a tie insufficient or leakage is installed, tectonic capital ministry is irrigated build not close-grained, ash is seamed exceed the quality common fault such as mark.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) mortar spot mixes close should press strictly cooperate to compare, weight comparing is metric; Mortar agitate must undertake in the agitate station of the spot, must not go up in floor agitate.
(2) use vertical mortar to mix close machine, mix into changes the mortar of the agent with organic model, blend time to be 3~5min, along with blend along with with, time control is inside 3h consumed, forbidden use outdated is grey.
(3) below the requirement that satisfying mortar workability, control the intensity of mortar and proper adjustment answers after mix into adds model to turn material cement dosage (every changes agent, early strong dose, delay to coagulate into organic model in the mix into in mortar agent, antifreeze due lab issue try distribute a report, just can use; Plasterer mortar does not allow to add model to change an agent) .
(4) the workability that does not increase mix into of small foam agent so that use to measure a method to improve mortar.
(5) the brick should water in 2d of before build by laying bricks or stones builds premise 1 ～ wet, the surface that wait for a brick is cool after working, use, forbidden build by laying bricks or stones of the wall on dry brick is built.
(6) the building that the brick mixes a structure should install a skin to count lever in 4 large part, frame (short limb wall) fill wall Ying Zaizhu of the structure (short limb wall) tag bricklaying modulus (play along tall 625mm horizontal) control level ash is seamed.
(7) the ash of body of build by laying bricks or stones seams Ying Hengping upend, thickness is even, horizontal ash seams ply appropriate to be 10mm, but should not be less than 8mm, also should not be more than 12mm.
6, give catchment the project
To catchment project existence gives catchment conduit pedestal to become loose, mouth of leakage outfit expansion joint, examination, sweep a mouth, blowdown canal buries bushing beforehand under stand be in charge of 3 to wait for quality common fault.
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) the specification that provides according to expanding, logical choice broach; Mature outside heat preservation ply, length of choose and buy expands suitably canal.
(2) below the circumstance that conduit locates ahead of schedule, the brick that is in pedestal when construction of body of build by laying bricks or stones changes sincere brick, or the air brick that is in pedestal before installation changes concrete.
(3) the consideration when bushing is buried beforehand is a few more tallish, when how establishing a canal first reduce 3 height as far as possible.
