Civil | Small brave author is achieved formerly
Realistic delegate Hans Morgenthau is in " the politics between the country " in respecting, international system is in an anarchy, the country always is seeking power ceaselessly to seek oneself increase, the essence that international concerns is influence politics. Flavour of big country conceive a design rising abruptly is worn rise abruptly the influence of national influence and hegemonic country is ceaseless and contractible, can replace the power of dominant country in certain period even.
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Respecting this, we must mention Aogensiji to be in its composing " world politics " in the famous theory that offer, power move is academic, its expound an idea so: Power move points to " the effect that develops lopsided rule as a result of actual strength of home of world politics China, the original dominant sex that the country produces in the positional place in international power structure is big country the position drops, the big country that rises abruptly after that the position rises, win dominant sex big country influence change process of the position " .
Power move results from the earliest logically the city-state war with Greek ancient time, the heart end Xiu Xi is in " uncle Luo Ben Buddhist nun scatters warlike history " in the respecting when discussing matter of Athenian Si Bada war, increase as Athenian force and external outspread, cause know clearly Si Bada envy and the dissatisfaction of a few city-state. The growth of fear and misunderstanding makes both sides final resort to arms. Soup of · of heart of Nuo of A of after this historian is in because of comparing " war and civilization " in also put forward, some can appear to plant after full-scale war breath period, after that the situation is exasperate, appear " compensatory sex war " , till power move is finished. The power move on present-day meaning results from theoretically Aogensiji is right of Woerci " balance of power " academic malcontent place is achieved, he published its monograph 1958 " world politics " one book, preliminary elaborated its influence to change theory, emphasize " balance of power " what say theoretically alliance can not make the instrument that increases power, the growth of authority of a state depends on its are endogenous the many sided element such as industrialized motivation and population, geographical element, in addition, "Balance of power " emphasize be in international politics, very hard a country forms the hegemonic force of absolutely dominant, so the battle often is relied on easily " horrible and balanced " will restrict, can keep peace effectively, the second edition in Aogensiji " world politics " in he makes an on-the-spot investigation " horrible and balanced " when write, international system is system of grade of a pyramid form essentially, be on the most topmost is influence dominant person, of intermediate layer is medium country, most those who carry a layer on the head is puny country, should rise abruptly influence approachs the state dominant person when, this kind so called " balance of power " will bring about with the best will in the world " contention area and warlike danger zone " appear. Through researching a few of the author classical book, can reach influence transfers logic to basically have the following:
(1) the behavior body that ethical dominion country is national action, influence is the core content that international concerns, be opposite according to Aogensiji the definition of influence: Influence is the contradiction according to oneself affects his country the ability of behavior, its element includes progress of geographical environment, resource, population, economy, politics development and ethical morale. But itself of this kind of influence is not specific, use this kind of power only just have a sense at other action body tries to affect, that is to say influence has subjective sex. Be based on this kind of characteristic, the essence that international concerns is the relation between influence namely, the stability that the influence between international distributes system of international of will immediate impact.
(2) world architectonic. "Balance of power " cannot keep peace effectively, have vigorous dominant state only dictate international system, peace ability is possible.
(3) the power that influence transfers. In the second edition " world politics " in, what the author thinks industrialized height develops is current, endogenous the actor certainly will such as the population with industrialized process huge together with, resource can rise abruptly surely cause influence to transfer.
(4) conflict result. Influence has subjective sex to be sure to arise so " malcontent " country, power move is sure to arise to resent to having a system " revisionist country " , for this, the war is inevitable.
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Influence transfers the result that emphasizes conflict war, from go up at all result from the self-identity that to international system Hobbes does not have governmental sex. "Without the government " the basic and academic premise that the concept is theory of mainstream international relation. At international relation course character, ciwoxi Dijinsen puts forward British scholar dagger first " anarchy " concept. Its original meaning is " national interior is nonexistent central authoritative condition " . Since international since the relation becomes an independent subject, each send a scholar to never be the same as angle to refer to read and make deduction to this concept. The realist thinks generally, be applied in what the anarchy leaves force and conflicting will be normal. A Long of thunder unconscious · points out " anarchy " it is to originate the remarkable character that an international of natural state concerns, look in him, the armed strength is used formed have government and the remarkable distinction that do not have a government. Wo Erci is right " anarchy " made amend: Having a government is feature of a kind of structure, having a government is the independent variable related to national action. He on one hand will " anarchy " the cause that treats a war, allot the power between its and country the structure of the international system that makes him together on the other hand.
The problem is, the scholastic place character such as accept of the Er that be like rice " is the anarchy concerned by park international course center position " the whether can you regard international relation as academic research without governmental fact academic premise that is this agreed with by place of scholar of mainstream international relation assumes? Since the anarchy serves as a kind of fact and existence, so why is a lot of theory like the realistic, latitudinarian, creed that propose form meeting when explaining fact of this one society to appear vast difference? In fact, although accept agrees with rice Er to regard international politics as division center position the anarchy, but its also put forward to want to distinguish the too ambiguous misdirect that does not have governmental idea, she thinks the anarchy reveals Woerci without body the difference of the domestic politics of place character and international politics. The person that establish compose principle is lukewarm also think especially, "The anarchy is the condition that points out nonexistent regulation, it tells us nonexistent, is not existence, and nonexistent object cannot be become to make a structure. " the parent that acknowledge of anarchy different meanings is having profundity, the finite sex of acknowledge of mankind of in the final analysis is his primary source.
Above all, as a result of the influence of inertial thinking, natural state exists as a kind of society, people often thinks the anarchy that serves as natural state also is existence of a kind of society necessarily, of Hobbes " natural state " say more be regarded as " anarchy " immediate source. In addition, darwinian " pick of content contest season, survival of the fittest " the social Darwinism place that the viewpoint is later ages is misinterpret, apply at explaining social problem directly, emphasize social belligerence, the inevitable sex of racial difference and war. Then, outer going up for, this kind of theory proved the rationality of the natural state that Hobbes puts forward further it seems that. However, at natural state character, its indicate experience is not put in governmental setting and function, but be in however to the anarchy of character of international relation place use natural state while slam the door its connotation, blurred natural state and the anarchy that international concerns are divisional. In fact, be mainstream theory divisional to the faintness of international society anarchy and natural state brought about without the government of concept of this one different meanings empty. The anarchy in international relation is opposite one kind just about of natural state negative, it is to explain international concerns medium establish of national action root at having governmental structure is not an establish the human nature below the says natural state such as Yuhuobusi makes like that. But in international relation, what we often see however is, the anarchy can use the structural ingredient that regards a country as behavior not only, also can regard a country as the unit element of behavior, apparent, this dispute is logistic. In addition, the natural state that the person place such as Hobbes emphasizes also is not is be without collaboration without what the government falls but character, even if is put in collaboration as much in true natural state, if alligator bird is OK eliminate crocodile slit between the teeth is medium residual, make crocodile feels very comfortable, and alligator bird can take food from which again. In fact, the person more such as Hobbes is the collaboration in medium fight element is taken out and abandoning natural state natural state on one hand content. The way that regards the nation as single reason sexual behavior body also is on older rate screen the collaboration that the resource between the mankind that does not exist for the unit with the country exchanges concerns. Next, the definition that the anarchy accepts for all faction place is " nonexistent an unified administration " , no matter be the past or the future that can foreknow, government of nonexistent world this society fact. That is to say, the anarchy regards a kind of society as the fact but its are not equal to a kind of society to exist, what it says to point to experience is a kind of nonexistent society fact, and nonexistent fact is to cannot serve as academic premise.
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Famous psychologist Ao Erbo is in especially the respecting when discussing social fact and the concern that the society exists, the existence of the existence that the form that the society exists includes to imagine, implicit existence and fact, that is to say, social fact is understandable also the business that passes to never exist, often say like us " Great Harmony " society, on the history all along trashy had appeared (arrive at least show level to did not appear) fact of this kind of society, what it indicates is a kind of nonexistent society fact, those who emphasize is nonexistent. Accordingly, in international relation course will serve as theory of park of a kind of existence to assume premise is inevitable and empty without the government and fine long hair is insignificant. In fact, "Anarchy " the definition that accepts for all faction place is " nonexistent an unified dominion person " , the administration that what it emphasizes is international society had not occurred from beginning to end, although we will be social fact without governmental appearance, but fact of this one society never has existed however, of its representing is nonexistent social fact, and nonexistent fact assumes as theory pair of international concerns are other put in inevitable compose not to become any meanings. In the final analysis, the anarchy of ambiguous and divisional natural state and international society and the anarchy itself that its society puts in the relation with social fact to bring about do not have the premise that serves as academic logic, also cannot produce a content to international concern action. In addition, without politics extension of concept of state seat of government because the impossible sex that actually world government exists and can be understood by random, as contracted academic the most fundamental premise, rigorous formal logic is deduced, be the possibility that did not come true at all. Can say so, the anarchy serves as but by optional " fill " concept, serve as itself of academic and logistic premise to be worth deliberate with this.
In fact, "Without the government " a kind of wrong sexes that one word is Aogensiji here point to say, "Anarchy " the definition that accepts for all faction place is " nonexistent an unified dominion person " , this also just is problem place. No matter be the past or the future that can foreknow, do not put in a centralized world government. This makes " anarchy " was equal to actually include other all condition of all sorts of condition. For example, no matter concept of balance of power is connotation or extension formed coincide with anarchy concept. The cooperative condition between similar battle and country also is such, why to no matter be,plant specific condition is to belong to substantially " anarchy " specific condition. Such, "Anarchy " the make viewpoint dispute that brought about some kind of state that includes for its is logistic. If be in Woerci's theory, "Those who cause a war is an anarchy " , "Those who bring about balance of power also is the national self-help below the anarchy " , do not have the result that the debate is contended for or balance of power is an anarchy so, but apparent this inference is absurd. Meanwhile, the anarchy looks in the creed that propose form, interact to be able to be divided again through competitor and Great Harmony concept for Lock type does not have government and anarchy of Kang De type, be in lukewarm point out in the light of the point of view that regards the anarchy as the structure especially " the anarchy is the condition that points out nonexistent regulation, it tells us nonexistent, is not existence, and nonexistent object cannot be become to make a structure. " so, the certain logic that Hobbes the anarchy regards influence as this kind to transfer conflict also is to have break biased. Again, research the current international system of 21 centuries, as the ceaseless evolution of academic Fan Shi, target of international relation research wait to be extended ceaselessly to domestic system by country, system. Discover not hard so, power move of Aogensiji is not permanent truth theoretically, its blemish is very apparent.
Be based on international relation essence is influence politics, and influence transfers Aogensiji academic a lot of blemish, in fact, study the development of the domain as what international concerns, trying to try to elaborate influence to transfer with the theory of sex of a kind of successive innovation also is very necessary at the same time.
