After street booth disastrous defeat, the kingdom of Shu Han is built promote 4 years (226 years) , this year, dispatch troops for the first time the Zhu Geliang of northern expedition, anxiety of have to storehouse withdraws troops, but before facing backtrack, he issued an order:
Will on the west county many 1000 other people, migrate forcibly in entering the kingdom of Shu Han to control the Western Han Dynasty of short for Shaanxi Province below.
Zhu Geliang's goal is very simple:
Grab a person.
Person, to Sichuan country, honest too important.
Since ancient times up to now, population and land, it is those who establish a country is essential, the Supreme Being is made the same score early in the Western Han Dynasty yuan only then 2 years (the Christian era 2 years) , mouth of Chinese emperor compatriots already reached 57.67 million person; Arrived the Eastern Han Dynasty, although national power drops somewhat, but the Eastern Han Dynasty always birthday 3 years (157 years) , mouth of Chinese emperor compatriots also has 56.48 million person,
But after the large-scale chaos caused by war that experiences last years of a dynasty or reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty to be as long as a few years, disease, pestilential, famine, arrived the period of the Three Kingdoms of Zhu Geliang northern expedition, chinese population, already from summit summit period 5000 much, dropped mere 700 much population.
At that time, total population of Cao Wei is 4.45 million person about, total population of the kingdom of Shu Han is 940 thousand person about, wu Zong population is 2.1 million person about east.
The how much with land area size of population, it is relation national power lose by force and of warlike victory or defeat essential, zhuge is so bright the main purpose of northern expedition, besides open empire of big fellow of border develop earth, recover, a main task, it is the population of country of plunder the Kingdom of Wei.
At that time, it is the Campagna of the central Shaanxi plain with most prosperous empire of the Western Han Dynasty for a time, already was right now " without answer traces of human presence " ; And the Luoyang that regards the Eastern Han Dynasty as core is taken, more " the dead cannot be gotten the better of plan " ; And in the Yellow River downstream North China Plain is taken, more " ruins city is not had answer pedestrian " .
As " build how 7 child " one of Wang Can, to last years of a dynasty or reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty this is planted population is rare the miserable situation that be short of, the description is more direct:
"Go out to see without place, my Campagna of bones of the dead. My Campagna of bones of the dead..
Battle is contended for in the Three Kingdoms later in, as a result of area of the kingdom of Shu Han the smallest, population is least, shine to Zhuge so and his succession person for Jiang Wei, plunder, proliferous population, it is one of their most main tasks all the time, delay when the kingdom of Shu Han so bright seventeen years (254 years) , jiang Wei again after Gansu of go out for a battle suffers a defeat on the west, jiang Wei is answering army in the process:
"Unplug (Wei Guo) Di Dao, river closes, Lintiao 3 counties civilian, be on (Sichuan) continous bamboo, numerous county. Be on (Sichuan) continous bamboo, numerous county..
This kind " unplug " , it is strong actually a population Wei Guo, migrate enter Sichuan country, will complement with this Sichuan compatriots force, make sure source of sources of soldiers, duty is mixed farming agrarian, and the population that enlarges Sichuan country is progenitive.
2Before streak, state-owned likelihood is the fastest in report of Peng rich news agency, or will this year the end of the year unlocks family planning in the round; And Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Wuhan each are big city, it is more since this year or bright or put forward silently alleged " the talent contends for battle " , " population contends for battle " concept.
Be in this for a time appeal people " little unripe child raises a pig more " times and country, as the die of population bonus, more and more people begin to realize, population, it is a how main idea.
So dilettante the truth that knows easily, the ancients looks early clearly, obviously for nothing.
To avoid a war, last years of a dynasty or reign of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of population in succession from Central Plains area, to city of Changjiang Delta, Jing Zhou, beneficial (Sichuan) , and even secret administrative division (distant east) , Xianbei churchyard migrates, at that time, zhang Lu controls the one area in the Western Han Dynasty of short for Shaanxi Province below, as a result of relatively quiet, north flows civilian a large number of swarming into, population also is as high as 50 much people for a time.
At that time, acute of Chinese end population decreases insufficient ten million -- 500 thousand person, in the warlike time that a population is resource and sources of soldiers, to each warlord that contend for hegemony, it is the number with an inviting what kind.
So, cao Cao is bend does his best almost in aggression Chinese.
This among them, it is on one hand look at that time in contention Chinese, very huge population and land natural resources; On the other hand, because,be Chinese in those who be located in Campagna of the central Shaanxi plain and Sichuan is mid, seize Chinese in, just can restrain Liu Bei external outspread.
For this, cong Jianan 20 years (215 years) to build install 24 years (219 years) , cao Cao and Liu Bei are in Chinese in area, undertook one is as long as nearly 4 years Chinese in contend for battle, final, liu Bei won this battle, controlled Chinese in.
The Cao of be thwarted of not reconciled to is held, it is in this process, plunder Liu has step by step administer the population of churchyard:
Build install 20 years (215 years) , cao Cao Jubing captures Chinese in hind, enter county of Ba Dong, Brazil for a time (today Chongqing) , migrated forcibly 80 thousand much person of local, migrate to be taken to city of Ye of Henan Luoyang, Heibei, in order to complement long via mouth of weakling of area of hind of chaos caused by war, Central Plains;
After calm down Zhang Lu, cao Cao gives orders again will Chinese in tens of thousands of dweller of the area, migrate forcibly the area of the central Shaanxi plain of Shaanxi;
Build install 24 years (219 years) , cao Cao is in Chinese in after in contending for battle, failing, before facing backtrack, the person of many 50 thousand an ancient nationality in China that takes Gansu Province connecting with the boxing skill again, migrate to control limits to Cao Cao forcibly inside help water of wind, day up two county, enhance oneself population actual strength with this, also weaken Liu Bei to control the population below to measure at the same time.
So, the core of a history of the Three Kingdoms, permeate rear, it is the plunder to population and control actually.
3Compare Cao Cao and Liu Bei, sun Quan also very emphasize particularly on the plunder to population.
Big chaos of Chinese end the world, population acute is decreased, the Sun Quan with left river of be content to retain sovereignty over a part of the country, early realized the value of plunder population:
Build install 12 years (207 years) , sun Quan is direct hair arms assaults the ministry of the Liu Biao that holds Jing Zhou Huang Zu, "Captive its people and still " ;
Build install 13 years (208 years) , sun Quan is sent again arms chase after kill Huang Zu, "Its men and women counts prisoner of war mouth " ;
Build install 19 years (214 years) , sun Quan asks for Anhui city in person, "Viceregal Zhu Guang reachs the river that obtain cottage join the army mouth of Dong Henan female number " .
After this arrives all the time peaceful of advance fierce emperor only then year (265-274 year) , east population of the plunder inside the advance territory that arms of ceaseless still clique enters department Martens:
"This world of a retrievable arrow with a string attached to it of Wu Ren bandit, Jiang Xia, summary registered permanent residence "
Besides pay attention to the vicinity such as Martens of plunder Liu watch, Cao Wei, department each warlord treats the population of the Han nationality below, sun Quan still pays attention to domestication minority very much, at that time, wu Zheng was taken east after living scattered to wait for the hill with a few a mountainous area provinces to jump over clansman in south of today's Su Na, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, will jump over a person to migrate from country Campagna, gross has 100 thousand much person about.
Be in area of northward and extended chaos caused by war, Central Plains a large number of person civilian ceaseless south below the setting of change, cao Cao treats servent a cause for gossip to expand of force ceaselessly to Sun Quan, also feel special anxiety.
Build install 14 years (209 years) , cao Cao wants to will follow the population of the one belt austral the Huaihe River that Sun Quan borders, migrate to have settlement to the Henan area below heteronomy, after the message comes out, the common people of area of river the Huaihe River is frightened confoundedly, then " between Jiang Huai ten, all Jing goes " .
Build install 18 years (213 years) , cao Cao worries again " county county is Jiang Bin (grandson) authority place (attack) slightly " , " think of Jiang Huai dweller of area the rest migrates again then northward, the result is to be just the opposite to what one wished, people of the rest of area of the Huaihe River of river of as a result " civilian all photograph Jing, from cottage river, 9 rivers, Qi spring, An Ling door ten all take the sea-voyage eastward river (into) , jiangxi is satisfied empty, hefei has Anhui city with Na Wei. Hefei has Anhui city with Na Wei..
Na Qiandong of ten other peoples, the amount amounts to hundred thousands of person, put all at that time the throughout the country is only in light of the big setting of 700 much population, this is bang to Cao Cao undoubtedly, and east, criterion from this more consolidated the actual strength with Home Cao contend for hegemony.
So, build install 18 years (213 years) , when Cao Cao of 58 years old and Sun Quan of 31 years old, with respect to Jiang Huai the area contends for battle not definitely when, face area of river the Huaihe River many population Na Bendong, the situation that Sun Quan actual strength rises ceaselessly, cao held ground of special deep feeling to say a word:
"Parturient should be like Sun Zhongmou! "Parturient should be like Sun Zhongmou!!
This word of Cao Cao, very famous on the history, but very few however somebody can think of, when Cao Cao says this word, the population of Cao Cao and Sun Quan contends for the words condition of battle and setting.
4Can say, without the person, the empire is like the trifle in wind, at any time be between the beetle and the block.
To this, country of big Tang Di has the experience of door leaf of painful thorough heart.
Treasure of day of Tang Xuan an administrative unit in Xizang 13 carry (754 years) , country of big Tang Di entered flourishing age of Caesarean population summit summit, this year, the population number of statistic of government of big Tang Quanguo, achieved eight million nine hundred and forteen thousand seven hundred and nine, in all fifty-two million nine hundred and nineteen thousand three hundred and nine person, but after bringing Shi Zhi chaos, the first year of an era or the reign of an emperor in Tang Chaojian (780 years) , in the center of Tang Wangchao can pilot two duty door, 8.91 million from summit summit period, acute decreased 3.8 million, arrived yuan with 2 years (807 years) , in the center of Tang Wangchao can pilot offers duty door, it is acute decreased 2.44 million more.
Decrease as a result of the population acute after large-scale chaos caused by war, the change austral population, add Tang Dynasty military govenor to set up a separatist regime by force of arms, each warlord hides registered permanent residence intentionally not to report Tangchao in the center of, local population glom on to, at that time, mere the Huanghe valley, have amount to 71 cities and Tang Dynasty military govenor not to report registered permanent residence intentionally.
Acute of registered permanent residence is decreased, duty source and sources of soldiers ebb ceaselessly, this also is to bring about Tang Chaozhong to end actual strength tends feebly, finally ceaselessly ruined main reason.
▲ Tang Chao's ruined core reason, depend on what command force to population losing.
In additional explicit war, want to win people over not just, basket get together population, also be Caesarean core important or urgent business.
Jing Kangzhi changed 1127, after Northen Song Dynasty is ruined, northerner mouth is many change settles to south; 1161, gold advocate Wan Yanliang is invaded south conscript, at that time, government of the Southern Song Dynasty seizes northward and queasy favorable opportunity, northwardly dweller casts an olive, attract them ceaseless south below, attract actively of the government in this kind of the Southern Song Dynasty below, at that time population of area of two short for Zhejiang Province " of all directions civilian gather hundredfold of · · · constant when " ; In addition, population of and other places of the Jiangxi of churchyard of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong also grows ceaselessly.
After this enters 13 centuries initial stage, although the Southern Song Dynasty is northward land falls into enemy hands in great quantities, but southern churchyard population still grows to about 85 million person, golden compatriots mouth is about 56 million person. Accordingly, although land area is large-scale atrophic, but the population actual strength that the Southern Song Dynasty is depending on constant growth however, borrow this and Nuuzhen support of the people Mongolia undertook is as long as 100 confront each other for years and war, this backside reveals, just about after Jing Kangzhi changed 1127, southern mouth increases brings national power to grow in great quantities.
5No matter put all any dynasty, person, be everything is essential. Accordingly, even if the most elementary robber, also know should " grab money, grab grain, grab a woman " truth.
One regards population as encumbrance and not be the nation of resource, be destined to will suffer penalty.
Qianlong 23 years (1758) , in grandparent and grandchild of all previous Jing Kangxi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong 3 algebra try hard 10 years, eventually calm down is new. Border hind, the official in feudal times of Qianlong emperor and his follower people, deny immigrant to be stationed namely new. Border, also erupted a controversy.
At that time, many courtiers think, include new. Border inside area of the Western Regions, be apart from Central Plains too too distant, since Chinese generation, the dynasty cannot last to manage effectively all the time in the center of past dynasties, with its so waste man power and money is stationed, still be inferior to withdrawing troops a division, be in Qianlong 25 years (1760) the court of a feudal ruler tries in, having new division a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations is to censure directly more " ancient have garrison troops or peasants open up wasteland and grow food grain is fatigue civilian " .
To this, qianlong showed his foresight judicious judgment adequately also. Qianlong says, new. Border have " east defend Great Wall, boreal my Mongolia, na Lianwei hides, green mountain is depended on on the west (the Pamirs) , think solid resides the backbone of China mainland, situation if of Gao Wu build Ling, a gotten enough hold defend China, consolidate my hedge, must not close Gansu narrow pass its are sealed, river Huang loses its a place difficult of access, with one action is full and Central Plains shakes for it " main strategy position.
"Deal with today (emigrant) collect is planted, also of adjust measures to local conditions lift. And without the person that know doubt fatigue civilian, my fact indissolubles, and Fu Zhi need not be solved, and the world later ages has public opinion side oneself.
Then, in Qianlong " below emigrant fact a place of strategic importance " policy insists to fall, qingting began to new. Border the large-scale immigrant of the area arouses. At that time, after Mu Ersa accept of the long-term battle that follows Ga Er ministry in experience and Mongolia, A and size and eminent are revolting, tribe of Er of Mongolia accurate Ga is mopped up almost one sky, north. Border area population acute is decreased, this also is build afresh new. Border population composition, offerred once in a blue moon good luck.
At that time, although Mongolia allows Ga Er tribe to had been attacked to destroy, but tsarist Russia is right all the time however new. Border eye covetously, tsarist Russia even for a time the A Mu Ersa accept of mutiny of take sb in, after dying because of smallpox to its all the time, just gave clear government body pass on. Have in view of new. Border the people with sophisticated this locality is formed and of tsarist Russia ceaseless south below, qianlong began finally to new. Border the big immigrant of the area, to Qianlong 42 years (1777) , urumqi brings the population that gives priority to body with the Han nationality, what had been close to 200 thousand person is numerous; Arrived Jia Qing 13 years (1807) , the population of Urumqi area was to exceed 330 thousand person more.
Encourage in the immigrant of clear government below, to path light 6 years (1826) , not dispute stations troops, north. Border mere agriculture population reached the area 470 thousand person, these give priority to the new-style immigrant of body with the Han people, also be north. Border the agricultural development of the area, provisionment is mixed collect army is stable, made enormous contribution.
Drive in what a large number of the Han people emigrate below, at that time, north. Border the north that the area is a delegate with Urumqi, Yi Li, strange stage, Ha Mi. Border the city develops gradually rise, to this, person description says at that time,
"(Urumqi and other places) cheap of ground numerous provisions, fend very easy, civilian person photograph leads reason each district and come, converge increasingly... merchant Bi Ji. Converge increasingly... merchant Bi Ji..
What be stationed hard all the time since Chinese generation is new. Border problem, also enter as a result of what a large number of the Han nationality emigrate, begin to be brought into by the Chinese nation truly long-term effective control.
6But have immigrant, have emigrate instead; The contention fight that population makes, it is a perpetual war.
1864, new. Border erupt civilian chaos, assorted of library car, He Tian, noise made in coughing or vomiting, spit rash time and other places built a place to set up a separatist regime by force of arms early or late political power, right now, in inferior country of grand rarely sweat also takes the chance clique troops invades new. Border; 1865, the A Gubai below is incited in country of grand rarely sweat, be in new. Border give aid to built " country of sweat of sagacious heart sanded Er " , progressively embezzlement of day hill south whole south. Border area, northerly. Border ceaseless aggression is outspread.
At that time, the past dynasties such as light of experience Qianlong, Jia Qing, path, Xian Feng is close after hundred years development, north and south. Border with the Han people, full person, east the Hu Te's person of Mongolia earth Er that return north that gives priority to body. Border population grows quickly, to this, revolting person also wait for Hu Te's person of Er of earth of the Han people, full person, Mongolia regard as " gentile " undertake large-scale slaughter and clean, treat according to be the same as year had arrived north. Border American Sikaile says, urumqi has civilian of 130 thousand full, the Han people to be killed about, strange stage county, mound Kang Cheng, breathe out graph wall, peaceful will wait for place the Han people to come loose to death, "Blown away by wind has lonely to offer as a gift " .
Below the person agitate such as A Gubai, mix merely cropland area, 40 thousand do not wish more the army and the people of the Han nationality of be religious is killed; Slaughtering large-scaly and drive below, 1864-1887 year, at that time the population of area of Urumqi, Ba Likun, reduced 100 thousand person from drama of 340 thousand person, among them north. Border area " casualties of registered permanent residence is most, chinese civilian by disaster blame cruel " .
1871, control almost in A Gubai whole new. Border at the same time, tsarist Russia also takes the chance embezzlement Yi is plowed. Be in the 2nd times before this during the Opium War, tsarist Russia is signed through threatening Qing Ting " in Russian Beijing treaty " and " in bound of northwest of Russian collate cent is written down about " , it is to be cut forcibly first occupy lake of Chinese fast mulberry to come graph Moore nub (Yi Sai overcomes a lake) with on the west kilometer of 440 thousand square is domanial, after more than 10 years, taking the advantage of A Gubai's chaos, tsarist Russia force was invaded finally new. Border.
At that time, tsarist Russia is in far east area underpopulated, in be being controlled for a long time to achieve inferior and new. Border purpose, tsarist Russia is in China new. Border the area also began population to plunder -- in dispatch troops after embezzlement Yi Li, tsarist Russia government establishs an orgnaization in Yi Li, population of special responsible and migratory China joins tsarist Russia citizenship, the purpose is will new. Border the population plunder of the area is tsarist Russia all, form in order to achieve from population on complete embezzlement is new. Border purpose.
1877, go out for a battle of arms of Zun Zongtang clique is new. Border, be in finally Gu Baizhi of calm down A is random 1878, recover divide Yi Li beyond other new. Border domanial, at that time, tsarist Russia has been in new. Border area loot ten Chinese, forced them to join tsarist Russia citizenship, to this Zun Zongtang nots comply not to flinch, insist to dispatch troops move upon Yi is plowed, decide to not hesitate with tsarist Russia one battle.
1881, fall finally in military strength support of Zun Zongtang, tsarist Russia and clear the court of a feudal ruler manage a negotiation, tsarist Russia takes the chance to cut Yi to plow Si He of suddenly Er fruit with on the west domanial, dan Qingting also was able to call in Yi plows 9 cities and Tekesi to take a place, but began 1864 via associate this is new. Border. Move. Random, with north. Border the area is exemple, the immigrant that gives priority to body with the Han nationality almost casualty absconds almost is used up, with north. Border the stage is Daerbaha exemple, in Zun Zongtang recover is new. Border hind, this area Chinese civilian remain only " 141 " , and whole north. Border area population also casualty, fugitive one sky.
So far, from Qianlong great emperor calm down is new 1758. Border since, qing Ting is in north. Border develop 100 old emigrant fruit, be mopped up almost one sky.
After this, qing Ting is in again north. Border the area restores settlement, catchpenny stream civilian head for north. Border cultivate resident, from this north. Border eloquence of person of the Han nationality begins slow growth. Arrive all the time 1909, north. Border area person eloquence is slow restore to come 20 much people, and be in early 1826, at that time north. Border population is close already 500 thousand person.
Qing Ting solicits again the Han people enters north. Border, although population growth rate is slow, but still form in population on firm north. Border, after this, although be in period of the Republic of China is new. Border be immersed in again queasy, and by before troops of Russia combination clique invades, assaulted all the time enlighten change (Urumqi) on the west the Ma Na Sihe bank of outskirt, but north. Border population exists, and after 1949 in revive be on friendly terms, let the Chinese nation finally be able to defend new. Border.
And review history matter, if does not have population rely on and exist, all countries situation and territory, also certainly will will be relied on without place, because is Pi Zhi put, does wool add Yan?
The Three Kingdoms, Tang Song and new. Border history thing, at inside at outside, it is card of best ancient bronze mirror probably.
Because have exuberant population only, just be ultimate combat effectiveness.
