Enter since summer, bromatoxism report shows ascendant trend, among them a main reason is dish of the bittern meat products that edible nitrite exceeds bid, cold and dressed with sause cause bromatoxism. So, what is nitrite? How to cause the happening of bromatoxism? Have why relative standard and code? How should consumer and operator of relevant food production be on guard the bromatoxism that nitrite brings about? This period unscramble for you.
2, expert viewpoint
(one) nitrite is a kind of when exist generally inorganic compound containing nitrogen in nature, can apply in fleshy products as additive agent for food.
Nitrite and nitric acid salt are the exists generally inorganic compound containing nitrogen in nature. The activity of the nitrogen cycle in nature and mankind, made the main source of nitric acid salt. The formation in nitric acid salt in the process, as a result of microbial action, often accompany the generation of nitrite. Common nitrite basically has inferior sodium nitrate and inferior potassium nitrate, its exterior and salt are similar, show white to come flaxen, powder or grain shape, without smelly, taste is small salty, easy deliquescence and dissolve at water. The Chinese invents use nitrite the earliest to process birds livestock meat, use at extending fleshy expiration period. " Song Shi " science and technology coils in account, nitrite can be used at bacon anticorrosive with hair color, and at the Christian era 13 centuries pass into Europe.
(2) our country and world each country are in to nitrite the use set limit to in food and rudimental quantity all have specific provision.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and committee of experts of additive agent for food of combination of World Health Organization (JECFA) those who set nitrite is daily allow intake to be 0-0.2mg/kg · Bw. World each country all also is in to nitrite the use set limit to in food make a provision.
Level of state of safety of our country food is right of nitrite use and safety administration is having firm demand, stipulate according to the standard use nitrite is safe. " additive agent for food of level of food safety state uses a level " (GB 2760-2014) regulation inferior sodium nitrate, inferior potassium nitrate can serve as the agent that protect quality, antiseptic bloating products of meat of stew in soy sauce of bacon goods, sauce and fume, burn, use in the treatment such as barbecue, stipulated the largest use amount and the biggest remain are measured. " set limit to of the contaminant in food " (GB 2762-2012) the opposite breast, drinking water that pack, bloat the nitrite remain quantity in the product such as be soiled vegetable all did corresponding set limit to to set. Superintendency bureau of medicines and chemical reagents of provision of former Ministry of Public Health, former state " about prohibiting meal service unit is purchased, the announcement of nitrite of keep in storage, use additive agent for food " (announcement of Ministry of Public Health 2012 the 10th) prohibit meal service unit is purchased, nitrite of keep in storage, use additive agent for food (inferior sodium nitrate, inferior potassium nitrate) .
(3) human body excessive absorbs nitrite to be able to be brought about toxic die even.
Below normal food situation, the nitrite in human body basically is food and the nitric acid salt in watering be changed below the action of the bacterium in oral cavity and stomach and come. Consider to make clear, nitrite can adopt proper approach by reductive for one oxidation nitrogen. Absorb the food that contains low-level nitrite to be able to complement the nitrite inside human body.
But, if mouth of the classics inside short time is absorbed (be fed by accident or exceed a quantity to absorb) manier nitrite, cause virulent poisoning easily, haemoglobin oxidation becomes the low iron that makes the normal capacity that carry oxygen is had in blood Gao Tie haemoglobin, lose the ability that carry oxygen, create an organization anoxic, call disease of blood of Gao Tie haemoglobin. Can bring about when intake achieves 0.2-0.5g toxic, intake can cause person death when 3g more than. Toxic diagnostic sex expression is cyanosis, semiotic body is asked for have have a headache, giddy, lack of power, bosom frowsty, be discouraged, heart-throb, disgusting, vomiting, bellyacke, diarrhoea, cyanosis of lip, fingernail and systemic skin, mucous membrane. Serious person consciousness till exhaustion of hazy, irritating, insensible, breath dies.
(4) the cause that common nitrite causes bromatoxism.
Basis " national sanitation family planning appoint general office about 2015 the bulletin of circumstance of countrywide bromatoxism incident " (the country is defended do lash-up to send 〔 2016 〕 5) , the main factor causing disease of bromatoxism incident is chemical 2015 sex nitrite, poisonous rat is strong etc. Among them, the bromatoxism incident that nitrite causes 9, 39.1% what hold the number since total report of this kinds of incident. Nitrite brings about the happening of bromatoxism and sexual distinction, age to have nothing to do, without apparent seasonal distributing with district, toxic place is in the majority with unit of collective dining room, meal.
The cause that common nitrite causes bromatoxism has 4 kinds. Because nitrite is as similar as salt on the exterior,be, regard nitrite as by accident salt is used or edible, it is to cause toxic main reason. 2 because a lot of areas of our country have a family to abstain the habit that machines fleshy products,be, if edible contains the flesh of nitrite excessive,goods also can cause bromatoxism. 3 it is keep in storage after cross long, decay or be being thoroughlied cook, had placed long reach just bloated be soiled before long the content of the nitrite in vegetable can increase somewhat, the edible below this circumstance is brought about easily toxic. The 4 well water that are specific area contain nitric acid salt more (call " bitter well water " ) , if the meal that cooks with this kind of water has been deposited long, nitric acid salt falls in bacterial action but by reductive become nitrite and bring about toxic.
3, expert proposal
(one) food production management company should abide by relevant legal laws and regulations strictly.
Food production machines an enterprise to be when use nitrite, should abide by a country strictly relevant provision, install special place to keep, label strictly and use government. Below the premise that follows relative standard, wait for significant step through standard of raw material control, production, will reduce the content of the nitrite in food.
(2) meal service unit should abide by relevant provision strictly, beware the happening of food safety problem.
Meal service unit should be carried out strictly prohibit purchasing, the relevant provision of keep in storage, use nitrite, special the making process that wants product of strict monitoring ripe flesh and ambient conditions of keep in storage, from go up at all put an end to the possibility that feeds by accident.
(3) superintendency branch strengthens the government that be produced to nitrite and uses.
Food safety superintends a branch to should strengthen the superintendency of the production to nitrite, current link, unit of forbidden meal service is bought, nitrite of keep in storage, forbidden use industrial salt, prevent the happening of nitrite bromatoxism incident.
(4) consumer should strengthen ego to defend consciousness, prevent to feed the bromatoxism that nitrite causes by accident.
Proposal consumer buys the salt that normal channel sells. Want to notice edible is fresh and vegetable, not edible has deposited long or degenerative vegetable. The cooked food that eats remnant cannot have been deposited below high temperature long, meal had better be done now eat now. As far as possible need not " bitter well water " cook, when must be being used, should avoid to be deposited for long. In addition, when edible processes the food such as fleshy products, pickles, can match the food that contains a lot ofthe composition such as much phenol of vitamin C, tea, in order to reduce the noxiousness of the nitrite that the likelihood contains.
