Reforming and opening is just as a pair of enormous engine, civil aviaton of the our country that help strength is volant Gao Fei, have a bright future. 2017 with compared 1978, civil aviaton carries total volume to grow 362 times, year all grow 16.3% , each respect gained brilliant success. I work in the civil aviation bureau early or late 30 old, witnessed before the whole process of civil aviaton reforming and opening, participated in a part to work. During celebrating reforming and opening 40 years, should contribute about, the civil aviaton that writes the understanding that write place is great reform.
The first round of major reform
Enterprise of stratocracy be assigned personal responsibility for is changed
Comrade Deng Xiaoping is the total stylist of Chinese reforming and opening, he also personally plan reform with the system that promoted civil aviaton. According to historical data account, in initial stage of reforming and opening, he makes important instruction every year to civil aviaton, requirement civil aviaton should accelerate development, reforming and opening should go in front.
Take the lead in starting
Our country reforming and opening is pulled open prelusive, be with 1978 11 of the party 3 in plenary meeting is a mark. And before this, 10 of July 1977 3 in plenary meeting, one of makes major decisions, restore Comrade Deng Xiaoping to work namely. Can be in in those days a day of April, when Comrade Deng Xiaoping is about to resume the work, civil aviaton total bureau holds the post of when listening politics appoint Yu Lijin and the report that Shenyang of deputy director general pursues. According to " Shen Tu memoir " account, comrade Xiaoping interest is very high that day, offer a lot of principal opinions to the reform of civil aviaton and development, final end rises is " the job of civil aviaton, want to catch training, 2 should catch rectify, reform. 2 should catch rectify, reform..
11 of the party 3 in plenary meeting holds eve, on October 9, 1978, comrade Deng Xiaoping interviews president of airline of American Pan American in people congress hall Mr Xiweier, director of total bureau of Shen Tu of total bureau director, tourism Comrade Lu Xuzhang accompanies civil aviaton see. He listens to two directors report before interview, interview undertake talk again, the requirement accelerates the development of civil aviaton and tourism. He says, civil aviaton is in modern society is indispensable branch, want method steps pace a few more greatly. Emphasize particularly, "The method that presses economy will manage economy, want to do by the enterprise. Should mend one's ways a legionary come. " this one important directive, to drive civil aviaton development points to clear direction, decided the fundamental key of reform.
Small have labyrinthian
At the beginning of 1979, according to the demonstrative spirit of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, central decision reforms system of civil aviaton management. This year came on Feburary 19 on March 10, party committee of civil aviaton total bureau 5 9 second collectivity (expand) the conference is held, the most important agenda discusses move of deploy job key and system reform namely. But the conference has intermediate level, announce reform defers to undertake again. Look more and more clearly later, as a result of,this is of idea idea manacle, concerned respect did not give understanding and support to implementing reform, also can saying was to encounter a few resistance.
On March 5, in people congress hall small auditorium attends a meeting, collectivity of civil aviaton conference leads a cadre to attend on behalf of standoff mechanism, vice-chairman of Central Committee of Communist Party of China, chair the State Council the Li Xiannian of Vice Prime Minister of routine work, ji Dengkui of Vice Prime Minister of the State Council, the leader such as hair of Zhang Ting of air force commander is attended. Comrade Li Xiannian says in the speech, for reliable for the purpose of, the decision that reforms civil aviaton to head system of organization defers to carry out. This one decision is correct, the direction of reform did not change. Undertook discussion in group again after congress. I regard the conference as the staff member at that time, be in charge of arranging panel discussion brief. Speech of before listening to representing one phase stresses reform centrally very necessary, hind one phase a few comrades emphasize particularly on again tell maintain the current situation to have what profit. We are to have Wen Bilu to these speeches, mirror according to the facts, but also feel the case is more complex.
On October 12, 1979, the leader comrade such as Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian inspects building of station of new boat of Beijing capital airport (the T1 that uses now namely) , comrade Deng Xiaoping made important instruction to civil aviaton again. He says: "The talented person that modern equipment wants to have Gao Shuiping will manage " . "The worker of civil aviaton wants action collection from severe, training from severe, management from severe, discipline from severe. Want to admit by examination publicly, pay is OK a bit taller. The enterprise should have employ and dismissal right. " I am being made up write " a chronicle of sb's life of Chinese civil aviaton " when, the eldest sister of madam king gloomy of Comrade Shen Tu offerred the weekday since old director reforming and opening to write down, see this paragraph of word of a cite posthumously, ground of my from beginning to end undertook reprinting. Can see, system did not change at that time, but he already came to civil aviaton treat by the enterprise, civil aviaton enterprise changes the core mind that is him.
Carry out reach the designated position
The first round of system reforms civil aviaton, deferred a year than deciding time formerly. On March 5, 1980, the State Council, central the Central Military Commission is given out " the announcement that about civil aviaton total bureau governs on somebody's behalf by air force no longer " , still press clearly except voyage control " flight of People's Republic of China is basic and regular " outside carrying out, other job all reports to ask for instructions of the State Council. Subsequently, dispatch of the State Council decided relevant and specific item, include to stop obligation to be versed in battle is made. The orgnaization of civil aviaton total bureau weaves, by consult so army presses setting of department of ministry of headquarters, politics, logistics department, engineering, instead presses the setting of department bureau alignment of the government sector.
Correlation of development of boat of the army and the people is spent very tall, civil aviaton needs army to support in a lot of respects. At the beginning of new China holds water, established civil aviation bureau of the Central Military Commission, military leader returns more for long later in the related side. "Culture Revolution " during bring into military organizational system completely. This falls in the condition with national troubled at that time order, be stabilized to carrying a trade and run normally, had main effect. Execute compulsory industry labor to make the thought politics quality that assured worker team, also have particular demand to literacy rate. But turn to be a center to be built with economy as the working key of party and country, original system is malapropos. Want to adopt reform, execute stratocracy be assigned personal responsibility for, the method that presses economy will manage economy, walk along an enterprise to change way, ability promotes the development of civil aviaton course of study.
" Deng Xiaoping a chronicle of sb's life " there was a paragraph of record and narrate 1980: "On Feburary 14, listen to the report that Shen Tu works to civil aviaton. Point out: Civil aviaton must the enterprise is changed, this guiding principle had been decided. Courtyard of Wu of homecoming of civil aviaton total bureau is led directly is a major reform. " notable, this is if what telling before the State Council, central the Central Military Commission reforms file make known to lower levels. The change that delay is reformed before union, the height that can experience him to be reformed to civil aviaton more takes seriously and be determined sturdily. Remember be the reform that coordinates civil aviaton at that time, " People's Daily " published an editorial technically still, the title is " the way that civil aviaton should take an enterprise to change " . In every respect support energetically under, this pace reform is finished smoothly.
The 2nd round of major reform
Politics look forward to adds vigor apart
The 2nd round of of civil aviaton major reform, it is departure of solid administration look forward to, airline, airport and cent of service safeguard system are set. Consider coming to be finished basically 1992 from 1984, last 8 years. During this, lab of policy of my preexistence civil aviation bureau works, to the plan department holds a post after, to this reform compares understanding, assumed relevant job.
Elaborate scheme
The reform of our country begins from the country above all. Urban reform, start economic system reform in the round namely, be from October 1984 12 of the party 3 in plenary meeting is made " the decision that the Central Committee of Communist Party of China reforms about economic system " those who begin. The reform it may be said of civil aviaton is intense. In the be assigned personal responsibility for of the first round of stratocracy, reform that implements an enterprise to change after basic be in order, 12 in the party 3 in during plenary meeting is held, elaborate plan is new round of major reform, from put forward to consider defining program, used 3 years of time about.
At the beginning of month of the ~9 end August 1984, members of standing committee of Party committee of civil aviation bureau holds enlarged meeting, the key discussed system to reform a problem, the meeting is backward newspaper of the State Council sent reform the opinion. On October 9, central finance and economics leads group special subject to study civil aviaton development and system reform a problem, director of civil aviation bureau Comrade Shen Tu made a report. The guiding principle principle that the conference decided to civil aviaton system is reformed and the major policy that support civil aviaton development. On January 7, 1985, the State Council is approved turned civil aviation bureau " the report that runs system reform about civil aviaton system " . The meeting of job of countrywide civil aviaton that the middle ten days of a month on March holds, system reform is a serious topic for discussion.
During this, vice Prime Minister Li Peng is versed in in director of the State Council hand over a completed project is made, to civil aviaton development takes seriously highly. He attends the meeting of civil aviaton job March 1985, made important speech. The civil aviation bureau after the meeting basically is led new old alternant, comrade of Hu Yi continent holds the post of a director. One this year level of body of preexistence civil aviation bureau undertook preparative. Had investigation and study to subordinate unit first half of the year 1986.
According to " diary of Li Peng economy " account, he on July 8, 1986, on July 12, on July 16, on August 17, call together system of research civil aviaton 4 times to reform a problem continuously, listen to the report of the civil aviation bureau. The diary August 17 recorded 3 decides principles: "(one) politics look forward to is apart. (2) force is too not dispersive. (3) hold competition. " on November 13, vice Prime Minister Li Peng chairs call together to open meeting of office of job of civil aviaton of the State Council, research agrees with civil aviaton system reform program and executive measure, formal send an official communication to other organizations approved the State Council in January 1987.
"Conference of office of job of civil aviaton of the State Council " it is Comrade Li Peng offerred to establish 1985, it is to be aimed at civil aviaton development is very rapid at that time, reform is in crucial phase, safe pressure is very great, need strengthens a leadership, each respect gives support energetically. Comrade Li Peng is very thorough deal with concrete matters relating to work, capture to major problem do not put, during he holds the post of Vice Prime Minister, acting prime minister, premier, solved a lot of major problems for civil aviaton.
Carry out steadily
Director of Hu Yi continent grasps civil aviaton to reform the baton of development, lead leading group of civil aviation bureau, the organization implemented major reform the 2nd round of entire industry. After the State Council approves the reform of the civil aviation bureau to report, he rises from April 17, 1986, guide a working group to undertake to management board of Chengdu of former civil aviaton personally pilot, the purpose is investigation argumentation in be being set with airport divide into equal parts in departure of politics look forward to, airline, function, business, personnel, asset how reasonable configuration. This working group has body to change a few the head of a department or office that run minister of director, organization and relevant department bureau. I serve as the vice director that manages policy lab work, attended a part to work. But the time that had half month in the job, because director of Hu Yi continent answers Beijing to handle China boat pilot to drive machine fly to the mainland to ask to settle incident, pilot job did not undertake ending, but still partial comrade stays, continue to understand a situation, discuss specific differentiate method.
Call together in Comrade Li Peng repeatedly after research, the State Council approves reform formally to implement plan, the civil aviation bureau is in certainly go up on the foundation of year of job, still reform in southwest go ahead of the rest. On October 15, 1987, southwest airline of management board of southwest of Chinese civil aviaton, China, Chengdu double shed the airport to announce to hold water. Will undertake the reform of civil aviaton of Hua Dong area in December in those days. 1988 ~1990 year the reform that accomplishs China north, northwest and northeast area civil aviaton in succession. Mixed 1991 in dividing a pace to carry out 1992 south reform of area civil aviaton. So far, framework of new-style management system forms civil aviaton basically. From seek be to one's profit to rise at first, experienced Shen Tu, Hu Yi continent, Jiang to wish to make the same score 3 directors.
Organization of Comrade Li Peng studies reform implements plan repeatedly, among them a focus, be it establish a few airline is advisable to establish a few airlines. The civil aviation bureau reports and agree via central principle, be with so 6 districts management board is a foundation, establish 6 companies. But when arriving to be carried out formally, have different opinion to this, some views establish two or 3 companies. Prove through relapsing, still maintain establish 6 companies. Should see, although will undertake recombining again next, but at that time the circumstance falls, on the spot establishs a company to be helpful for transferring smoothly, maintain safety to move. As to why to choose southwest pilot and change first, be in later with moustache ease continent old director chats in, he says basically is consideration China north, Hua Dong, medium south business is busier, northwest and northeast dimensions relatively lesser, and level of southwest place inter, production moves a little bit pressure is little, have quite again representative. The painstaking effort of older generation pour into explains, it is difficult to see a thing work easily, the burden on main leader shoulder is the heaviest!
Unlock liven
12 of the party 3 in the reforms about economic system decision that plenary meeting carries, the central segment of clear reform is the vigor that strengthens a business. To achieve this goal, be about to execute politics look forward to to part, make the enterprise serves as governmental adjunct no longer, and become manage independently, the market principal part that ego expands. As civil aviaton airline and airport establish, expanded to manage own advantageous position, increased inside vivid force and market pressure, improve management energetically thereby, promoted aviation to carry business to develop, raised economic benefits.
Look forward to of civil aviaton solid administration is apart, includes import, also be to should unlock the market, rely on each field force, grow civil aviaton enterprise. Politics look forward to is apart, governmental change function, mean a government sector to want to face a society, support the build of market main body and development. According to civil aviaton professional stronger characteristic, hold to at that time in the center of with transportation enterprises of aviation of local joint venture. Mixed 1984 1985, the combination visitting an area such as civil aviation bureau and Fujian, Xinjiang, Yunnan established airline. Still established the Shanghai, Wuhan, airline such as Sichuan in that one phase. Arrive on century 90 time are prime, lift new the upsurge of company of round of open, sea boat, deep boat, Shandong boat all is in that one phase holds water. The initiate of these enterprises, increased newly emerging force, aggrandizement the market competes, promoted industry development.
In executive reform, the country is adopted in succession to civil aviaton give aid to policy. From at first profit and foreign currency income " become 19 minutes " , establish to later " civil aviaton infrastructure builds foundation " , and pursue reform of freight rate system, had main effect. Extend financing to rent, made sure transport power increases. In the airport construction respect is sought use soft loan, with the place combination invests in the center of, produce local initiative morely. Everybody picks up firewood blaze tall, reform bursts forth new kinetic energy, whole industry appears the new phase that develops flourishingly.
The 3rd round of major reform
Recombine open up new scope of operation
Civil aviaton the 3rd round of major reform, it is to carry out an enterprise to recombine, with unhook of management department of civil aviaton trade; Depart administration orgnaization and airport in each province, municipality, municipality directly under the Central Government, great majority airport transfers local management. Its ask constitutionally is departure of look forward to of further solid administration, change government function; Execute collectivize management, make the enterprise is done do greatly strong; Arouse local construction and the enthusiasm that run the airport better. Begin to prepare from 2001, finish basically 2004.
The enterprise recombines
Recombining this is to press " enterprise dominant position of group of freewill, government guiding, play " the principle undertakes. In civil aviaton total bureau organizes harmonious, enterprise to become the foundation that recombines intent to go up through channel understand, the State Council reforms scheme at approving civil aviaton system on March 3, 2002. On October 11, total bureau of former state committee of planning and civil aviaton holds reform of civil aviaton enterprise to recombine congress in hall of Beijing people congress, announce group of 3 big aviation and group of safeguard of 3 great services hold water. Vice Prime Minister Wu Bangguo makes important written instructions express congratulation, safe to ensuring, straighten concern and strengthened management to raise a requirement.
The 9 aviation industry that company of group of 3 big aviation is directly under of total to former civil aviaton bureau undertook conformity. Among them, the country is boat, medium boat and southwest boat return for company of Chinese aviation group; Boat of Dong Hang, northwest and Yunnan boat return for company of Oriental aviation group; Na Hang, northward boat and Xinjiang boat return for company of southern aviation group. 3 great services guarantee a group namely company of group of imports and exports of air material of company of company of group of information of Chinese civil aviaton, group of Chinese aviation oil plants, China.
Implement this reform, included the important import of 3 respects. It is to boost departure of politics look forward to further, also include politics endowment apart. The group company after recombining, all unhook of as total as civil aviaton bureau, turn over the State Council government of committee of state-owned asset supervisory management. Such doing make orgnaization of civil aviaton government more stand aloof, more be helpful for facing function of good government of entire industry exercise. 2 it is to enlarge enterprise dimensions, support is done do greatly strong. Dimensions network is managed is airline highlights a characteristic, just can extend market space so, increase level of management and competitive capacity. 3 be according to specialization requirement, stimulative service ensures the development of the group.
Airport apanage
Another grand opera that reforms this, it is the civil aviaton unit of pair of each provinces, area, city, establish airport administration and aviation safety to superintend the office respectively. Outside dividing company of group of Beijing capital airport and Tibetan airport, the airport is unified transfer local management. 3 provinces undertook preexistence Shandong, Hunan, Qinghai pilot, roll out in the round next.
Such reform are in an area management board and level of bureau of province urban district, realized departure of politics look forward to. Civil aviaton the 2nd round of major reform is to be centered in civil aviaton total bureau and level of district management board to undertake. Unit of boat of the province beyond seat of various places management board, area, citizen, airport business and administration function still are together. Because bureau of province, area, city puts in management of district management board 's charge, actually politics look forward to also does not have management board to reach the designated position completely apart. After departing this, be managed what be helpful for the airport independently and ego develops. Safety of province, area, city superintended the office to establish 26 at that time, have again later increase, now already instead safety controls management board.
The airport transfers local management, it is center consistent policy. Be in since implementing major reform the 2nd round, increase to undertake stage by stage as what the place builds investment to the airport. Reform airport management system this in the round, airport principle hands in a place. Such doing be helpful for function of government of aggrandizement of trade management department already, be helpful for producing local initiative adequately again, still be helpful for enhancing the vigor of the airport. Still manage by civil aviaton total bureau as to Beijing and Tibetan airport, airport of main consideration Beijing basically serves for capital function, want to make large aviation key position; And downy airport of Tibet needs bureau square support energetically.
Civil aviaton this round of major reform, experienced Liu Jianfeng, Yang Yuanyuan two directors, be assigned personal responsibility for of Gao Hongfeng deputy director general reforms the job, overall organization to carry out, other deputy director general has participate in. Remembering me is to be in the system reform that entered Chongqing civil aviation on November 26, 2003 and airport to turn over. Say artful also, when I joined civil aviaton 1972, work in Chongqing, this can organic meeting sees the leader of former unit and fellow worker. Huang Jifan of city deputy mayor, Tong Xiaoping attended Chongqing to hand over a ceremony. The aboard when answering Beijing encounters Wang Hong to elect a mayor fitly, he also cares very to this one reform. But did not pass how long, chongqing city sells capital airport group the airport again. Arrive again in September 2016, pass again commercialize means, give entirely Chongqing city. This is the major change that produces in reforming a progress.
One advocate multivariate
I the civil aviaton that in compose the place in calling for paper this reviews 3 rounds of major reform, it is to point to what undertake centrally, the profundity that involves entire industry changes. But 3 phase cannot part completely in a lot of respects, like politics look forward to function of apart, change, enterprise reorganizations, airport apanage is changed, and reform of relevant form a complete set, undertaking continuously all the time. On the whole, the propulsion as reform and deepen ceaselessly, in aviation industry and civil airport respect, formed " one advocate multivariate " economic system.
Of communal aviation transportation enterprises " one advocate multivariate " , it is from the point of system of ownership, formed give priority to as body, concomitant as economy of blame state ownership pattern with state ownership. Airline undertook share-holding system is transformed generally, a lot of become appear on the market company. Mix in the center of main body of market of local enterprise etc adds up to office to manage. The civilian battalion company that establishs after the 3rd round of reform is more. 2 it is from the enterprise dimensions looks, formed it is dominant with large company group, with medium or small the pattern that airline coexists. General aviation presents a dispersive sex, be in the majority with small business. By its oneself characteristic place decides this.
Of civil aviaton airport " one advocate multivariate " , from the point of investment main body, formed give priority to with local government, the country gives the situation that support energetically and other investment just is participated in. From the point of administrative pattern, give priority to with collectivize management, be run independently and entrust management to coexist. Belong to the important infrastructure that civil aviaton develops in view of the airport, social commonweal sex is stronger, came on stage to give aid to with local government in the center of policy. As a result of airport dimensions six to one, field of large scale computer executes an enterprise completely to turn management, quite quantitative airport was not changed by the enterprise truly actually will run. Administrative system still is in the airport to be perfected ceaselessly, should reflect the principle of adjust measures to local conditions better, the administrative chime of aggrandizement airport is the same as function, accelerate construction of restful, green, wisdom, humanitarian airport, accelerate make aviation key position, promote of all kinds airport to develop quality.
(the author is vice secretary of former deputy director general of bureau of Chinese civil aviation, leading Party group, currently hold the post ofChinese aviation to carry association director)
