Arrive to build car power newly from traditional car look forward to, arrive again Internet old man, adding note drive automatically.
Drove automatically to point to the traffic operation system of more efficient safety already, also mean giant value chain to recombine, because this gained government, capital and the puissant attention that produce industry.
This period the ginseng inside intelligence, we are recommended come from Tsinghua - of research center of combination of intelligence of knowledge of Chinese Academy of Engineering drive automatically forward position report, nod the industry that drives automatically to develop from the dimension dial of technology, talent, application and trend. If want to collect the report of the article (AMiner-2018 drives automatically research reports - forward position edition) , can be in wisdom thing head number response keyword " Nc281 " get.
Arrange the dried food that present for the ginseng inside intelligence below:
Drive automatically, namely the intelligence that the car uses sensor and all of computer science department to realize unmanned operation drives, there already was history of 10 years several in 20 centuries, appear at the beginning of 21 centuries piece adjacent and practical the tide that turn.
The understanding that carries out through driving for a long time to human driver, unmanned road-sense can tear open solution to be " the environment is felt - decision-making with the program - control and carry out " the content of the understanding of the process, study and memory is changed.
The SAE J3016 standard that according to engineer of American international car the society established 2014, car automation system can be divided for Level 0 (without automation) ~ Level 5 (complete automation) 6 level. This one standard is adopted to be federal standard by American traffic Department of Transportation not only, also had become assess of global automobile industry to drive automatically at the same time the general standard of grade.
From the point of technical angle, nobody drive the intelligent automation system that the car is a complex soft hardware union, used automation technology, contemporary pass information and feeling technology, computer technology, communication technology and artificial intelligence to wait.
From the point of the angle of strategic meaning, drive automatically mobile capability is stronger, can improve traffic safety, implementation effectively energy-saving decrease a platoon, eliminate traffic to embrace, stimulative industry transition.
KPMG: Automatic road-sense can be in 2014 to make between 2030 number of death of global traffic accident is reduced 2500;
IHS Automotive: Nobody drive the quantity produces a car to will appear on the market 2025, reckon sales volume can amount to 230 thousand;
Intel: Nobody drive the dimensions of car market will reach 7 trillion dollar before 2050.
Accordingly, drive automatically the car got the attention with each country unprecedented government, domestic and international each school, research organization threw a large number of manpower, physics, supplier of component of company of each cart look forward to, science and technology, car and drive automatically car poineering company also has position in this domain in succession.
Be in abroad, of unmanned road-sense arisen and OK chase after narrate on century the lab seventies; Subsequently, 1984, DARPA (American national defence is advanced research plans arrange) car of as own as army collaboration territory (ALV) project; The corresponding period, if American famous university blocks Neiji Mellon, Stanford, hemp to save manage to join nobody labour to drive early or late in the research work of the car, car of famous NavLab series intelligence blocks Neiji Mellon with respect to out university.
2009, gu Ge announces to begin research and development unmanned road-sense (Project Chauffeur) , obtained the United States in May 2012 (Nevada) first drive automatically car route measures licence; Subsequently, gu Ge drives his automatically business fractionation comes out, establish independent new company Waymo. In Gu Ge guide below, new technology force is entered in succession bureau nobody drive domain.
▲ abroad nobody drive the car develops a collection of illustrative plates (main event general view)
Courtyard of ▲ abroad scientific research proofreads the research of unmanned road-sense to develop process general view
Force of ▲ abroad new technology is contributed to the research of unmanned road-sense (it is with Gu Ge exemple)
Compare with photograph of beautiful, developed country, our country drives in nobody the research of car respect starts a bit late, from 20 centuries the ability end 80 time begins. Give priority to with own research and development unlike foreign car look forward to, business of our country automobile factory takes the kind of as unmanned as research and development of place of courtyard of domestic scientific research, efficient collaboration road-sense more.
2011, one steam group together HQ3 of red flag of development of university of national defence science and technology nobody drive car, the faces a freeway whole course that completed 286 kilometers nobody drive experiment; 2013, baidu starts nobody to drive car project, expand cooperation with traditional car look forward to; Subsequently, high-tech company joins contend in succession.
▲ home nobody drive the car develops a collection of illustrative plates (main event general view)
Courtyard of ▲ home scientific research proofreads the research of unmanned road-sense to develop process general view
Force of ▲ home new technology is contributed to the research of unmanned road-sense (it is with Baidu exemple)
Nobody drive the crucial technology of the car includes environmental perception, fine exact location, decision-making with program, control and carry out, high spirit map and V2X of car couplet net, unmanned drive car test and technology of test and verify. Among them, environmental perception, decision-making the application that with program and car operating ring the section involved artificial intelligence.
▲ environment feels a technology
Environmental perception is understandable use sensor to cover into the car to automobile body all round shake to undertake with static object 3D reframes. Current, the environment feels a technology to have line of two kinds of technologies, one kind is the plan of much sensor confluence that is dominant with camera with what tesla is a delegate; Another kind is be a delegate with Gu Ge, Baidu it is dominant with lidar, other sensor is additional technical program.
▲ essence grants fixed position technique
Essence of life locates technical just as its name implies lets the physical position that the car coachs he is in namely definitely, this involves inertial navigation system, annulus fast coder and flight path own navigation system of navigation system of computative, satellite and SLAM.
▲ is decision-making with program technology
According to environmental perception and navigation subsystem, drive automatically the behavior of the car is decision-making as given as union of method program system initial drop and terminus undertake information processing. Current, in the light of drive automatically decision-making the special chip with the program / computational platform includes Intel - the series of NVIDIA Drive PX of the EyeQX that Mobileye develops and Ying Weida.
▲ control and executive system
Traffic control platform is the core component of unmanned vehicle, controlling all sorts of control systems of car. Traffic control system can be divided for fore-and-aft control (use accelerator and apply the brake implementation of integrated pilot method is right book speed dog) with transverse control (the analysis with the simulation that includes pair of driver action and kinetic car) two link.
Map of ▲ high spirit and V2X of car couplet net
For better avoid potential risk, help car is prescient road surface is complex information, wait like gradient, curvature, course, nobody drive to often need to be united in wedlock real time high spirit map, and sex of this kind of real time, can carry car couplet network (V2X system) implementation.
Artificial intelligence is in ▲ to drive automatically the application in the car
▲ drives automatically car learning heat
According to the paper of international periodical conference, AMiner to driving automatically H-index of domain whole world is ranked (international is accepted the index that compares scholarship of scholar of can accurate report) the scholar of TOP 1000 undertakes computational analytic, scale gave this territory (Automated Vehicle) scholastic whole world distributings map.
▲ drives automatically the whole world of field learned man distributings map
▲ each country drives automatically talent statistic graph
See accordingly, from the point of the country, the United States is to drive automatically the car studies the scholar collects most country, after England, China tightens therewith, canada and Italy also collected the talent of a lot of this domains; From the point of the area, western Europe drives automatically the talent's concentration the ground, and area of and other places of the eastpart part of chinese mainland, United States also drew a large number of talented people.
▲ China scholar distributings
Will look with respect to China, drive automatically research scholar basically is in Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing centrally, it is Xi'an, Changsha, Wuhan and Chengdu and other places next.
Talent of ▲ each country migrates graph
Drive automatically according to the whole world the expert scholar of before H-index is ranked 1000 migrates in light of method statistic, the United States is to drive automatically big country of flow of field qualified personnel, the talent is inputted and output precedes considerably (pour out of be more than slightly flow into) , it is England, Germany, China and Canada subsequently, chinese talent flows into a quantity to be more than discharge an amount.
▲ whole world each H-index index (left) , sexual distinction (right) drive automatically talent statistic graph
From the point of H-index index, the whole world drives automatically in the scholar of before H-index is ranked 1000, 20 to the scholastic amount of 40 most (occupy 40% ) , 40 to the scholastic take second place of 60 (occupy 20% ) ; From the point of sexual distinction, global male drives automatically scholastic scale is occupied 97% , outclass female.
Index of ▲ China each H-index (left) , sexual distinction (right) drive automatically talent statistic graph
Be in China, h-index index is less than be equal to the scholar of 10 most, occupy 69% , be more than be equal to the scholar of 60 least, occupy only 1% ; Sexual respect, chinese male drives automatically scholastic scale is occupied 99% , outclass female.
Scholar of ▲ abroad representative research
Scholar of ▲ home representative research
The application that drives automatically basically is reflected at present carry in public traffic, express, and the car category that faces old people and disabled.
Public traffic respect, compare at the car, it more can benefit and common masses, let people sense be driven artificial intelligence, automatically to brought technology is innovated and facilitate, the jumping-off place that this also makes this technology first.
This year in March, of French EasyMile drive automatically bus EZ10 became first to be in California of road operation start off drive completely without the driver car, this also is California of the first benefit from benefit from drives automatically new politics company.
And as the whole world aged the aggravate of the problem, the labour force that automatic road-sense is doing his utmost to make up for the industry such as express to be faced with is not worth a problem. Rise as what technical maturity and market gain ground degree, nobody deserve to send will make inevitable trend.
2018 " 618 " during sales promotion activity, the ground on the Beijing east distributes capital sent a station to appear more than 20 deserve to send a robot. As attemper platform command is given out, first have carrying " 618 " 3 of goods order for goods deserve to send a robot ordinal set out, run quickly automatically to order to match sent destination.
In addition, drive automatically the car has begun to be in old people and disabled apply somewhat in group of these two consumption. 2012, the Steve Mahan that cereal song employee lets lose 95% sight sits Gu Ge drives automatically car, showed the tremendous potential of automatic road-sense.
Drive automatically the real fall to the ground of the car, what still need a technology on one hand is perfect, the form that includes high spirit map and system of car couplet network is built, special consideration platform / of chip roll out, and safe and efficient decision-making program algorithm and the implementation that control executive system; On the other hand, those who need relevant policy code is perfect, while exciting technology develops, the safety that ensures industrial development, healthy.
Wisdom the thing thinks, deduce method to look from the history, drive automatically the solution that regards future as moving system of efficient, safe traffic, already from at the beginning project of army scientific research, deduce enterprise of science and technology to enter bureau car / the chip that gives a territory, its are in car 4 changed the core position in changing to point to overturn value catenary of the gender recombines (according to Pu Huayong Daosailue is special: 2030 only the number produces to serve industry all right, market dimensions will reach 2.2 trillion dollar, but what existing car manufacturer takes industry profit halve) . Enterprise of science and technology people the advantage that tries to pass IT adds up to Zong Lianheng, divide a cup of a thick soup, traditional car look forward to also adjusts the strategy in effort, to it rich weichis.
