"Garden of 1905 culture originality " inside withholding iron to make stair. Here is factory building of heavy-duty machine plant so.
The iron August 31 on the west area, the fascia that the building carries on the head is reflexing the light of the setting sun. A10-A11 edition photographs / Wang Jianing of reporter of new capital newspaper
Reform content language
Shenyang bicycle the factory begins to produce bicycle of white hill card from 1952, announced to go bankrupt 1997. In those days, the workers on the west are riding iron namely such bicycle comes and go at plant area and between living area. This car is produced 1962.
The north below the dim light of night is distinguished with the mainstay line it's nothing of other city all the way. Driveway expanse, car is like shuttle, by the path 10 thousand amount to brightly lit of fire of square light the lamp, old people is swaying in a dance, the youth wears next running to move in basketball, dribble.
Differring exclusively is the sculpture in the middle of square probably: Two worker on one's side with more than 10 tall building and stand, hold drill rod, line is concise and hale.
Iron of city of Liaoning province Shenyang is here on the west area, one of China's famousest old industry base. The sculpture name on square is " the person that hold drill rod " , meaning the worker spirit that goes in souvenir.
100 meters of sculpture outside it is the name is " garden of 1905 culture originality " building, the building system that iron and steel makes binds each, the black steel of the ceiling that prop up is worn bare and outer. Here is the former address of plant of Shenyang city heavy-duty machine. 1949, refine gives steel of the first furnace here; 2009, the last furnace molten steel here is become by casting " iron on the west " 2 words, subsequently change is gone to new economic development.
From on 90 time begin the century, once because heavy industry is clinking proud iron on the west, begin to attach most importance to industrial place tired. The factory closes down, worker come off sentry duty. But through 20 old adjustment and development, iron has gone from the shadow on the west.
The iron nowadays on the west, 3 main force see the sign that is less than a factory on the road, office of U.N. mankind living program ever awarded his " demonstrative award of the city zone of room of fitting of 2008 U.N. whole world " . But industrial road is not terminative, 2017, iron is judged to be Chinese industry on the west 100 strong areas, layout among them " one garden one city one cereal " develop the industry that makes future way.
Village of new old worker
The iron nowadays on the west area north all the way high-rise is bristly, commercial square, office building rises with uptown near neighbour, the picture with the concentrated factory 20 years ago makes the history. The Lou Yu that only the talent can point to Laotie to differ on the west, the Shenyang transformer that differentiate and analyse is replaced by residential village factory and textile mills of the first wool, the Shenyang city that is replaced by Chinese industry museum casts a factory.
These old iron are more on the west once worker, the come off sentry duty ten years ago becomes a taxi driver, repair boss of inn merchant, business door, perhaps deal with emeritus formalities to begin old age life.
Midday of every the world, the reservation with division rare southern part wears iron on the west on the street austral the cause labour of old look, room of red brick of a three-layer is lively rise. The wooden door that pushs red and into, through narrow passage, a few old people in house sit around desk of all directions wood, lower his head to see a shop sign, unmanned episode. In another room, violin and accordion and crying cheerful voice are passed to capacious compound through the window in. There is beverage food in glacial ark, there is appearance Founder on the wall, presswork copy is old " old worker supermarket " model of written characters, it is to pay treasure, small letter to pay 2 dimension the code on the side.
When Cui Xiao Huaxian will not to have a thing, here card games, can meet crack with teeth in mouth of Lao of old friend, Lao. The keep in this Xiaolou is worn the memory when she is young.
This is worker village 3 period medium worker life house, change by old dweller building. First floor and the mobile area that 2 buildings are a retired worker, 3 buildings open up is exhibition area, every room the profile as different history period: The century on the move is stuck on the wall 50 time " advanced generator " commend certificate of merit and of 60 time " 5 motion " certificate of merit, color is putting 70 time on mottled wooden ark Sino-Japanese given kimono child is obtained when establishing diplomatic relations, one side crystal clock stays in a certain time in the past, ambulate no longer.
Go up century 70 time, cui Xiaohua married to move here, living is a few years. At that time, worker village is here 3 period, 50 time build, the style of copy Russia and structure, quite modern.
With the old dwellers here, cui Xiaohua is 2007 around from here change goes, the driveway was moved after 5 years in a 18 the layer is tall house buildings opposite side. That is the new home of old people, worker new residential quarter. Controlled 2010, it is built by treasure steel group, it is northeast first steel structure is civil residential building.
Old building turns and become provincial cultural relic to protect an unit. In 32 buildings that still save, 7 buildings are changed to cause worker life house, 25 when remain in rare person house, the part is rented.
The backside that is versed in people life changes, the economy of the area also grows iron on the west rapid: 2011, area total output value breaks through iron on the west 100 billion yuan, 13 times was 2002, year all grow 33% ; Average budgetary receipts breaks through finance 10 billion yuan, house is whole first what save 100 areas county, 14 times was 2002, year all grow 34.5% .
Once happiness and honor
In worker village, yin Zhongfu of 87 years old is be worthy of the name " aborigines " . 1953, worker village just is built by Russia aid finish, he was moved together as elder brother, parents, became generation villager. Dwellers say, the person of 60 many countries will had visited the paradigmatic community of this socialism; Look down at from inside sky, visibility is become to building platoon cloth " worker village " 3 big character.
To the worker, moving worker village nature is a kind of honor more. Yin Zhongfu says, "That time can stay come in, must be an engineer at least " .
Huang Lizhi of 59 years old is born in worker village this year, grown. In his impression, as a child in the home " installing annatto floor board, brick wall is thick, sound insulation is good, wintry warm summer is cool. Wintry warm summer is cool..
With Cui Xiaohua, lu Saijie is move into iron after marrying 1977 on the west, be moved into worker village. At that time, the civilian house of Shenyang is given priority to with bungalow, gas, central heating, tap water is entered door have worker village only. Child-care centre, sanitation is in first floor, join a company greatly one street be apart, fish, flesh and rich non-staple food put the goods shelves after bar to go up, the factory makes odd material small tricycle, rocking chair, the children in the garden had recreational project. "Every family life is similar, sauce crock of everybody is placed by pleasure ground, all along nobody is moved. All along nobody is moved..
In that everybody homage " working-class elder brother " time, the industrial district on the west and worker village are in iron the one north of small town echo of one Na Yao photograph, the life of industrial development and worker village is euqally good.
Since 1952, yin Zhongfu is in factory of instrument of Shenyang city glass to work, responsible product quality guards a pass. Planned economy is inchoate the benefit in the factory is very good, medical treatment instrument is sent the hospital of countrywide each district ceaselessly by in a steady stream, star product flowmeter ever won gold prize of former light industry ministry, annual produce achieves 10 million yuan for a time.
The prosperity of vitreous instrument factory, as iron the epitome on the west. In a few years after 1949, shenyang this industry town of military importance is called republican cornstalk, iron is industrial heart on the west, centered Shenyang to exceed the factory of 75% . North all the way, north road of 2 road, construction factory of go to work of 3 mainstay line is densely covered, more than 100 " industry the first " be born hereat, the pensile national emblem on a tower over a city gate of Tian An Men also is produced from here.
Scene no longer
As 1978 reforming and opening, the industrial company of countrywide each district grows quickly, enterprise of a few run by the local people, town enterprise cuts a figure. In the market that unlocks stage by stage, iron the product that enterprise of old brand state-operated waits for on the west also is only alternative no longer.
"(the product of other plant) some is better than our quality, some is lower than our price. " Yin Zhongfu, 80 time later period begins the century on, the product of instrument factory sold glass very quickly not to go out, caboodle is in storeroom.
Open to the outside world to also make place more hard. 1994, camp of custom duty of entrance machine equipment is demolished, the import tariff of machine tool product falls ahead of schedule to 9.7% , the machine tool is immersed in slow-moving. Shenyang senior engineer Li Xiaoyan ever said plant of the first machine tool, "Not be to do not have the market, however the product does not follow to appear on the market. However the product does not follow to appear on the market..
Dan Tiexi still chases the pace of the times in effort. The heavy industry product of the production in the factory, quality is very high still, came 1979 1998, win national quality gold prize " iron is made on the west " have 15. 1992, inc. of golden cup car is in hand in place to appear on the market, become the first large industry company of countrywide that implements share-holding system truly.
More enterprises try from vigor of the derive in open environment. Arrive from 70 time end 90 time, huang Lizhi the member that in Shenyang city big tractor the factory makes qualitative check. 80 time metaphase, he is sent to go to Japan, United States to learn advanced production skill. The manufacturing condition of foreign factory makes him impressive, "Dress shirt is entered Japanese made workshop, coming out to return is white. Workshop whole sealing, look to be not worn person, it is the robot is working completely " .
In the factory special from the United States redemptive the large wheeled tractor of 4 high power, money of a VIP civilian 100 much. They still introduced corresponding technical patent, requirement skilled worker tears open outfit, study to produce flow.
1986, the wheeled tractor that delays a plant greatly gets offline formally, 3 machines are revealed in factory doorway. But Huang Lizhi every day from the course before the tractor, did not see search come buy the home. Did not pass how long, the research and development that delays a plant greatly is enthusiastic not answer exist, also step down product line without new American wheeled tractor again.
"Planned economy times, the tractor is bought by the country directly, allocate a farmer. But 80 time popularity is responsible for a task unit until it is completed greatly, the farmer is canned not afford, even if can afford also do not use. " Huang Lizhi says, stop production of big later tractor, modelling the walking tractor with smaller, cheaper price also because of slow-moving reduction of output, pull a factory to begin to produce machine part for other plant greatly, in an attempt to lives.
Except product sale, the big state-owend enterprise on the west still is faced with iron system predicament. Iron divides Chinese industry museum on the west inside the house, writing a paragraph of such words: Enter 90 age, redundant personnel, debt and enterprise do a society to become the 3 big crises that the state-owend enterprise faces, at that time iron worker of a gleam of in the state-owned company on the west not as good as the half of worker gross, indebted rate year after year promotes, the pay that the factory does hospital, school and staff dormitory also year after year increases by degrees.
In iron the Zhang Shu that is brought up on the west remembers profundity to redundant personnel. She young when accompany little one's mother's sister to be worth evening shift,
As advantage of old state-owend enterprise no longer, 80 time begin, worker village also is moved toward gradually ordinary. In those days, the bungalow area around begins to tear open change, the building rises gradually. Neiqueyin is the village factory cannot the high cost of burden Gai Xinlou, can be built two old house only three-layer or 4. Can have done not have a few years, date stamp floor becomes new burden. Dwellers notice, many building foundation cave in of worker village.
Cui Xiaohua lives in, the ground is damper and damper. The shoe that is bed bottom at first begins to grow hair, floor extensive is wet later, became decharge to summertime wet ground. Every arrive this moment, she is about to be built with long board between doorway and bed give an a plank road built along a cliff.
However the resident of worker village is too busy however attend to living conditions. 2000, already passed not of be puzzled year Cui Xiaohua is informed suddenly, the husband, son falls at the same time hillock -- Shenyang smeltery closed down.
90 time begin, the person that the Tie Xicheng of 750 thousand population is Chinese come off sentry duty most centralized region. According to 2002 iron the area works on the west bureau statistic, iron on the west area off-duty workers accumulative total 150 thousand, unemployed personnel 50 thousand.
Move east build on the west, vacate basket change a bird
Dan Tiexi's factory did not disappear.
Nowadays, stand towering like a giant of development of technology of Shenyang city economy is in iron on the west the southwest ministry of the area, with iron arrange office closes on the west. Built in north in the past all the way, north is mixed 2 times many 240 plant that builds a road, the ground of stay is found in the economic technology development of 440 square kilometer nowadays.
This profit from began 2002 " east move build on the west " project: Enterprise of the eastpart part is moved toward price lower western, the difference on price becomes an enterprise to adjust adjustment moving capital.
2016, the new plant area of Inc. of Shenyang chemical industry of 78 years of histories builds, become last from the large company that industrial district change gives Laotie on the west. This mark is worn " east move build on the west " the project ends entirely, only then the industrial district becomes the Laotie that was built 1905 thoroughly on the west the history.
"The industrial district of old before the city zone just 12 square kilometer, and chimney bristly, pollution is serious. Equipment manufacturing industry collects an area to extend 65 square kilometer now, the key enterprise that covers an area of 500 thousand square metre amounts to 15, the enterprise of fundamental industry group amounts to 381, and complete cleanness turns production. " when Li Songlin of warden of Ren Tiexi area was accepted 2012 " xinhua net " when interviewing, say.
According to people net the report 2015, this " vacate basket change a bird " old industry base dish vivid state-owned asset many yuan 500, change show fund many yuan 300, accumulative total raises money transform on development capital one billion two hundred and fifteen million seven hundred and fifty-two thousand one hundred and ninety-two yuan, also make dilapidated and old old division welcomes transformed possibility.
Meanwhile, the job of the people's livelihood related to old worker also is in begin.
2003, in the country executive northeast revitalizes the 2nd year of the strategy, iron on the west area appoint the leader comes to the seek by inquiry in Home Cui Xiaohua, the old workers that should help worker village improve living environment. Cui Xiao Huagao is promoted continuously make a bow with hands folded in front, "That is old good " .
2007, many 1700 dweller inside worker village gathers in the hall that around one place has not demolish, was informed be about to resettlement message. The following day, had had grow a string of person to queue up to sign up.
"Live in wing-room before, daylighting is bad, now domestic home is room of north and south, much clear, " after 5 years, cui Xiaohua and husband are moved into worker new residential quarter the new home of 60 much square metre. The Yin Zhongfu of half century was squeezed in the 18 houses of smooth rice with family, also move into 3 rooms one hall.
The new target that enrol business: Invisible champion
In August 2018, in the development of technology of Shenyang city economy of iron cc south, the 2nd workshop that engages company of Europe of sharp edge those is assembled end, throw production, the 3rd workshop is being built.
This is by Shanghai Yan Feng is mixed French those Europe is joint-stock the limited company of system of exterior trim of car of Europe of Yan Feng those that establish, the factory is in charge of iron offerring bumper to be the same as the Hua Chenbao horse in the developing zone on the west.
Inside workshop, several metals conduit sends a mould plastic grain, model figuration, machine grasper takes out semi-manufactured goods, burnish, place into goods shelves. The delicacy in the workshop has a worker. Only a few people that drive goods shelves of forklift, move wear blue labour to take, cover bright Huang Fang to protect the garment to move back and forth on the circuitry of delimit.
"2013 when put into production of the first workshop, we have 70 workers only. Shipment amount is large now, number increase arrives 400 people, main and responsible other people flows. " Chen Jian says the administrative assistant that delays Europe of sharp edge those, because the definition of the machine is a lot of higher than the person, their ultimate goal is to realize unmanned production. "The sealed room of 2 buildings had realized the factory now full automatic change, the machine can press plot of program spray paint. The machine can press plot of program spray paint..
This is the investment project of garden of the heart in delaying company of Europe of sharp edge those to be inside economic technology development. Now, have in economic technology development " one garden one city one cereal " building, the fixed position of heart garden is high-end manufacturing industry in, the core of Sino-French zoology city is environmental protection industry, jin Gu should make service trade.
Heart garden is not in invite German company only, but used German management to learn the idea that Hermann Simon advances ideologist. "There is a kind to cry in industrial business ' invisible champion ' , these enterprises may be not paid close attention to by the outside, but scale of production is however in the market count as one of the best. " in heart garden is in charge of appoint Bian Songlin of director of bureau of service of conference action business says, this is medium the object enrolling business of heart garden.
Attract enterprise of high-end manufacturing industry to enter the main reason that be stationed in, it is the Hua Chenbao that is located in economic technology development likewise equestrian Shenyang factory. Public data shows, 2010, china morning BMW is located in Shenyang city iron on the west the factory of the area is formal start working, head period project complete uses 18 months only, automobile body workshop has near 1800 robots nowadays, automation rate comes high 95% .
The magnet effect that BMW produces attracts fittings manufacturer in heart garden, delaying Europe of sharp edge those is among them one of. The factory is built in distance BMW iron on the west factory the place of 1.6 kilometers, after bumper leaves factory from Europe of Yan Feng those, can enter BMW assemble automation line. "There are many 100 to come to iron in the 257 fittings enterprise of BMW on the west area, had formed the industry group that is bibcock with the car, future will make the industry group of 300 billion production value. " Bian Songlin says.
Heart garden is in in build better environment for the foreign capital enterprise that comes in succession. "What German enterprise cares is not price, taxation, have the school however. In their industry production important is the worker carries study, after the job, need melt down reads a few months, continue to work again, " Bian Songlin says. Below such setting, heart garden begins compose to build in " 1+1+X " (center of solid standard of an a high post institute, industry that cross a state and example base comprises a certain number of enterprise fact jointly groom system) double yuan make a profession teach a system, institute of the heart in be being built in all with institute of profession of Liaoning orbit traffic.
It is intellectual property protection on the other hand. "These small-sized and household companies, a few acting people are researching a certain product, they fear their core technology is missing very much, " then in heart garden establishs intellectual property court and legal aid center, released 2017 " in heart garden intellectual property white paper " .
You Zhongde (Shenyang) garden of high-end equipment production industry is in charge of appoint meeting, medium heart (Shenyang) limited company of development of international estate investment, Shenyang the northward medicine cereal that 3 cooperation of finite liability company make 3 unripe pharmacy, what experience the flow that enrol business is concise. "Northeast winter long, time limit for a project is short, build a factory to need trival administration to examine and approve flow before, but running a hand,add misses the season that begin construction. Dan Zhongde can simplify field flow, deal with ' acceptance is made examine and approve ' formalities, extend to the enterprise construction beforehand licence, edge construction edge does procedure. " the staff member of northward medicine cereal says.
Nowadays, in heart garden already layout intelligence is made, advanced machinery is made wait for a project. The library blocks world-renowned robot manufacturer to had finished optional location, american Jiang Sen multiplies acerbity accumulator of the lead that use a car to produce limited company of environmental protection of energy resources of green city of base, Germany also already with in heart garden autograph is made an appointment with. Bian Songlin says, garden area will drive Shenyang manufacturing industry to be changed to high end, intelligence is changed, green changes transition, the progress that makes drive of Shenyang city innovation and green lubricious intensive leads an area.
Reform kisses all previous
Liang Qidong is 53 years old, liaoning saves assistant dean of social academy of sciences
I from on 90 time begin the century in Shenyang life, study, experiencing the industrial culture that very deep is northeast is very grumous. Southern town enterprise advocate will look around to Shenyang very envy, say their reforming and opening the 30 industrial culture that come for years also are inferior to here -- what the doorway repairs a bicycle is eight grade worker, a 4 worlds are the same as hall it is a worker, children are brought up as a child the manufacturing level that listens to parents to say a plant. The factory majority of Shenyang is in iron on the west, iron on the west the area is more typical.
10 years of 80 time, shenyang is the example of reform, the first piece of stock, the first goes bankrupt the company goes to be here now. People thinks at that time, which have socialistic company go bankrupt? But still went bankrupt. For what? The reform of deep administrative levels did not undertake. All the time to 90 time end a lot of commodity still presses instruction price to sell, market price is high at that time, we still get be out of pocket to sell, the state-owend enterprise gets those who listen to a country. This is equivalent to us is an eldest son, brother little sister reads an university, we must serve dad Mom in the home.
90 time iron was immersed in northeast phenomenon on the west (the industrial economy get into trouble that northeast area represents with distant rather, state-owned company stop production, half stop production, deficit range and house of deficit specified number are tall, the phenomenon of unemployment of worker come off sentry duty) . The country carries out 3 years of northeast to take off tired plan later, help 1.7 million person again obtain employment, make up the deficits and get surpluses of old industry base, northeast calculated work to come over.
Iron came over to be about to consider to develop alive on the west, begin northeast to revitalize, what should solve is 4 problems: How is the industry placed, how does industry change, how does the company change, how is the package swung. These problems are in iron on the west very typical.
How is the industry placed? Chimney always is fumy, the factory is in the city, can service line of business grow how rise? Recumbent " east move build on the west " , old quarter turns iron into shopping centre on the west. Vacate the ground that come, very charming to commercial company, which have big city to seek the ground with get so cheap?
How does industry change? Do not have industry to also be no good, the industry of layout of economic technology development in the west. Industry also should have choose, old plant period, environmental pollution is serious, air flavour is very strange, a large number of now getting on burgeoning industry -- BMW, the whole world is the most advanced, this is in past is the imagination that do not have a law.
How does the company change? Remove the process is to be in those who do a business to change make, transform, recombine, doing ceaselessly transform, either east be in be in on the west. Enlarge decision-making power of enterprises, resemble reform of 3 companies system, enterprise how more pay for more work, little work is gotten less, not fatigue is not gotten.
How is the package swung? Want to solve an enterprise to handle social issue, the enterprise previously besides crematory, other whats are in charge of -- the foreign enterprise of civilian look forward to that is just like a family is wearing swimsuit, we carry on the back namely, hold in the arms to return dress cotton-padded jacket to swim, how had compared? This has not changed clean, the bequeath problem of planned economy times still should deepen reform, resemble a company " 3 offer one job " , heating of water supply power supply, property management still remains to solve.
Reform dictionary
Vacate basket change a bird
Economy grows the act of a kind of strategy in the process, go out existing traditional manufacturing industry from current industrial base move, come in advanced productivity move again, upgrade in order to obtain economic transition, property.
Shenyang of Liaoning of Bo of Pang of reporter of new capital newspaper reports trainee neat Xin
