Capital can help an enterprise realize mad overtake, but a bit not careful, destroy a person to die with respect to meeting car. Former China " soja king " group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning goes broke suddenly is a typical case.
Civil | Chen Guo
The Shandong this year July is more more broiling than in former years become hard, trade mart can be imported in soja, it is brilliant of a chill however.
Had imported commerce for soja terribly defeated group of old Shandong first sun rays in the morning, right now already exhausted, be in eventually on July 20, save court of Ju county people by Shandong one paper is civil ruling book proclaims it goes bankrupt, this also proclaims at the same time mode of soja trade financing becomes feeble and die formally.
Steer a boat as group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning the person's Shao Zhongyi, confront a company today's ending winds a day feebly. Look at him work laboriously to be built base course of study moves toward dead end step by step, he " boiler " swung to the bank: "From 2014 begin in year, the bank decreased to give Shandong first sun rays in the morning the loan of the group stage by stage, bank high speed ' exsanguinate ' , the enterprise steps forward dimension difficult. The enterprise steps forward dimension difficult..
But group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning this tremendous " chariot " meet capsize, the bank did not offer enough support to be not prime cause, "Go solid to empty " , the mode that earns fast money just is.
Commerce is a carapace
Group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning once extremely brilliant.
Be in early 2012, its import soja gross to amount to 5.51 million tons, occupy about in those days 9.44% of countrywide entrance gross, entered country " soja king " throne.
Arrived 2016, the business of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning grew peak, annual achieves sales revenue 43.2 billion yuan, exceed 6 to become among them come from at trade business, soja commerce contributed a body. According to " a list of names posted up of plute of whole world of 2016 introduced from the northern and western nationalities or from abroad embellish " show, shao Zhongyi becomes Shandong with 19 billion yuan fortune in those days " head rich " .
However, profit of itself of soja import trade is small, not be the business that what makes money, shao Zhongyi can ascend personally " head rich " , actually as distinctive as the enterprise operation mode is concerned.
Traditional soja trade pattern is very simple, import home from the foreign country, sell downstream businessman next, earn price difference. This kind of means takes up capital is measured big, and can gain a point only " penny " . But Shao Zhongyi is used from a piece of Zhang Xin giant profit vacuum discovered among card.
He monarchs additionally path, brought up a new trade pattern -- soja trade financing:
Above all, group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning is in after signing entrance contract, the bank outside Xiang Hai applies letter of credit, pay 20% to the bail of 30% , such enterprises can obtain 90 days of delay that differ to 180 days to pay the long-dated L/C of payment for goods.
Subsequently, depend on long-dated L/C, group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning borrows money to domestic bank. Normally for, the bank loan interest rate that is based on L/C wants than general credit low, there is 2% only when lowest.
Finally, the money that will take quickly is devoted and small the more profitable place such as loan, estate, and the soja of the entrance criterion low sells other company.
In this one process, group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning can use loan of low interest rate already, have the investment of high interest rate, earn interest rate difference, still can use a RMB to appreciate, in using a dollar to have settle accounts process as fiducial money, earn exchange rate difference.
Shao Zhongyi also is made public before this admit, "When the RMB appreciates, make an entrance really comfortable, exchange rate change makes a large amount of commerce make money very easy. Exchange rate change makes a large amount of commerce make money very easy..
Shao Zhongyi used make it of soja trade financing " head rich " later, group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning regards an industry as bibcock " set an example " effect begins to show. For a short while volume of import of soja of enterprise of Chinese civilian battalion soars, the statistic of futures of the grain in occupying, entrance of soja of enterprise of battalion of the countryman in 2012-2013 year is occupied than by 2009 32% increase to 53% , the entrance of foreign capital enterprise is occupied than criterion by 37% drop to 16% , this among them change is the mainest come from at trade financing.
However, this kind looks be like " perfect " profitable mode, existing however the heel of Achilles -- lean " day " have a meal. This also is group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning " ruined " bury played a hint foreshadowing later developments in a story.
The bank does not sit
Apropos this year full Shao Zhongyi of 50 years old, the road that be in business has legend color quite.
1992, a casual of he or company of foreign trade of Shandong Ju county. After 2 years, took over a type of mill of villages and towns that has ten people only to blow model enterprise. Used 6 years of time next, turned a large and plastic processing factory that manufactures more than 60 5 old series, variety into it, obtained self-supporting imports and exports to counterpoise.
In plastic treatment industry after small knife trying an ox, shao Zhongyi's ability and courage and insight are aroused thoroughly. Later a few years, his open " cruel go " mode.
2003, the plant of Ju county fertilizer that Shao Zhongyi will be close to closing down recombines. In this one process, he received employee of 773 state-owend enterprises, one-time reissued the state-owend enterprise owes the wage of hair. Limited company of group of first sun rays in the morning of new company Shandong also holds water subsequently, and receive 300 million yuan with respect to implementation battalion in those days. In October 2006, the oily plant of Ju county plant that he recombined to be close to going bankrupt again. Use 4 years of time only, make the soja that makes domestic van import one of civilian battalion enterprises with respect to the company general.
Do the Shao Zhongyi of industrial build up, should continue to send force on this road originally, but fail to resist however the temptation of capital game.
Before 2015, the RMB experienced to appreciate periodic, add aspirant mouth enterprise to have 2 ％ only through lowest of L/C financing interest rate, commercial loan interest rate is as high as 8 ％ , these is in in the eye of capital player, it is shining white silver.
Regrettablly good times don't last long, when doing the unboiled water that get wind to rise with respect to the soja trade financing in Shao Zhongyi, the RMB begins concussion after 2016, mood of fervent misgivings of market of soja trade financing begins to spread.
Say normally, soja trade financing, those who earn is exchange rate and interest rate. If the RMB devalues, money does not earn on exchange rate, the likelihood on interest rate is returned can gain, because financing cost is relative lower still.
But the problem is, at this moment the bank begins suddenly to father check financing of trading company L/C, tightened up credit, make the cost that company capital obtains and difficulty increase greatly. So that importer of a few soja involves the soja of several dollars,pay without money.
Regard soja trade financing as the most large-scale player, the financing behavior that the bank is other to group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning business more undertook checkup, put through after the reimbursement before Rangjidi, loan expires, decreasing in succession borrow the forehead to spend wait for means, reduced loan stage by stage.
35% what sex of soja trade financing imports peak period to ever held domestic soja to import gross, and soja still is the iceberg in chain of whole trade financing only one horn. For example, the main product that sex of another trade financing imports -- palm oil, 85% what volume of import of its financing sex ever occupied fastigium to always import an amount.
Below the circumstance that appreciates relative to boom, RMB in the industry, the financing method risk of heavy goods did not cause the attention of the outside. Produce changeover when market level, if the bank continues to provide financing medium of communication for this kind of enterprise, will face huge bad Zhang risk, so " exsanguinate " the inevitable choice that makes them.
Caustic of one caustic all
Came a few years in the past, the country emphasizes wanting to give hypostatic enterprise support on financial policy all the time. Shao Zhongyi thinks for a time saw a hope.
He what represent as countrywide National People's Congress is in 2017 the whole nation " two meetings " on when accepting media to interview, say, "Although administration emphasizes wanting to support hypostatic economy development repeatedly, but hypostatic 2016 economy, still experienced the most difficult period; If support the relevant policy of hypostatic economy and reform to be fulfilled truly,reach the designated position, did not come or be full of a hope. Did not come or be full of a hope..
But plunge into the group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning that takes financing commerce eddy directly, of the tall, risk of its loan amount allow a bank greatly also stay at a respectful distance from sb.
Time comes to 2018, sino-US trade war erupts, our country promoted the custom duty that imports soybean from the United States, add a RMB to devalue again, this made group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning complete lose the way that soja trade financing makes money this.
Nevertheless, shao Zhongyi is not to have soja trade financing only this piece " card " can hit, after all the entrance treatment that the business of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning covered oil of soja, fuel, crude oil, petrochemical. Manage by as usual for, occurrence problem of soja trade financing, unapt let enterprise cannot recover after a setback.
However reality is, the loss that the soja commerce with prepare to pass normal in Shao Zhongyi will come to to be brought to developing soja trade financing when, letting what his expect is less than is, because pork price drops, feed demand glides, manufacturing oil plants compresses with what the beans dregses of rice the enterprise reduced soja purchase. Collect according to Shanghai easy advisory data, with was this year in June exemple, shandong compresses every process the business 1 ton of soja want deficit nearly 50 yuan.
Prices is bad besides, as a result of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning all the time since be give priority to with the spec, trade for complementary, lack group of competitive soja commerce major, without core competition ability. Want to return to rally of normal soja commerce so, also become extremely difficult.
More those who let one disaster after another of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning is, as soja industry, another of this company main business, oil refine, also be in considerably deficit.
This year in June the last ten-day of a month, factory of civilian battalion refine is in the China that already had nearly 40% deficit, local refine factory processes every tons of crude oil average loss makes an appointment with 300 yuan. Bedding face of industry of ground temper with fire accumulates loss, collapse last straw of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning just about.
Break firm add
Because once was in,two business failure of Ju county recombine in, to find a place for employee of state-owend enterprise come off sentry duty has given power, be being added is enterprise of this locality bibcock, the outside thinks local government won't be right for a time the predicament sit by and watch of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning no matter.
However the problem is, be in early 2013, the government has helped group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning.
In those days also is concussion of soja commerce depression, exchange rate, the bank took group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning suddenly 1.9 billion yuan of circulating fund, make its face very hard condition for a time, shandong province government is various and harmonious at that time, strove for opportunity of survival of a gleam of for group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning.
Final result is, shao Zhongyi temporary stand out a crisis, did not go bankrupt. Government and bank bore at that time enormous pressure.
But be in next in 5 years of time, the management mode of group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning does not have the change of materiality, plus the place the profession persists low fan, local government promotes industrial transition actively, upgrade, accordingly this, it received this some final result eventually.
No less than is famous foliaceous wingceltis writes news analyst of finance and economics article place character: "Industry great transition, a few enterprises can be fallen into disuse to go out bureau, group of Shandong first sun rays in the morning goes the meaning of the bureau to depend on, can give even it bureau, what is more,the rather that other company? Do not underestimate the determination of governmental industry transition.
Nowadays, the country is tightening up credit, break firm add, close down in what this kind of circumstance leaves some companies be not evildoing. The insolvency of group of first sun rays in the morning of Shandong of no less than, it is country and market should those tall indebted, managing on " play with fire " the enterprise squeezes an example that go out.
Editor: Liang Yulong Heart560@163.com
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