Yin Jinan
Noble, civilian, civilian and inheritance of painting and calligraphy
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I am in small when like to write brush word, had copied a few card, of course no more than is Tang Dynasty those, south world of Ou Yangxun, anxiety. Begin to write Yan Zhenqing later, but anyway also does not like willow public right, do not know why, do not like namely, look not to like, also do not like to now. Bring about me to have a bit view to Huang Tingjian and Shen Zhou, because they have too much in that way shadow. I feel this is normative word at that time. Went to an university when, I saw letter of Tang Dynasty land renown post " Liu Jiwen is endowed with " , like very much, like to fondle admiringly. Had faced period of time at that time, this post is faced very hard really. This thing was put down later, I did not write again later.
Of ▲ Liu Jian " Wen Fu post " local
▲ Yan Zhenqing " manuscript of brother's son of hold a memorial ceremony for "
Follow appraisal series later (complier notes: Group of appraisal of painting and calligraphy of ancient time of China of 80 time Ceng Sui goes the century on Yin Jinan appraisal of itinerate of countrywide each district) land add add ran 8 years, the group leader is gentleman of willow thanking childish at that time, still have open result gentleman, Mr Yang Renkai, Mr Liu Jiuan, Mr Xu Bangda, Fu Xi year gentleman, these 6 old gentlemen remain only now, with respect to remnant Fu Xi year gentleman. I diagnose tegether with them, saw many calligraphy and painterly original work, also have pseudograph of course, a lot of pseudograph.
Look in Shanghai e.g. us, light sees article a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale bright work visited a week, most when, one day can see 280, not be daylong, morning 280. Least word is 40. More or less do this distinguish? If be long,coil to look less certainly then, because grow,coil have a lot of preface and postscript, still have in front bring head, that looks very slow. If be to be drawn, look very quickly, a dozen opening, " " , close. An album of paintings or calligraphy is a bit slower also, because have some of an album of paintings or calligraphy 48, it is 48 pictures. How many to see in all? Land add add should see hundred thousands of.
▲ article a note of the ancient Chinese five-tone scale bright " the true picture that admire fast "
There is the feeling that the eye shines when I saw an album of paintings in the past, include Gong Xian, 8 big, I do not have an eye to had shined. I go to Shanghai really museum of museum, the Imperial Palace, when looking, the eye shined, can find the sort of flavor. Those who paint traditional Chinese painting it is very important to know breath. Look to seem to be lain between from presswork, firm sense tells all presswork is counterfeit, if comparing, following authentic work is counterfeit. Include 2 Xuan Yin companies, imprint again well namely, it still does not imprint give that breath to come.
I am probably 3 years ago when began suddenly to ignite pair of calligraphic interest afresh again. Then I " Liu Jiwen is endowed with " take out advent. Similar difficulty, similar really difficulty. I say this difficulty probably everybody does not have a concept, arrive hard what degree? Is Cai of Su Huang rice good? Write well, right? Is Dong Jichang good? Good. I so conversation everybody may feel I am a bit madcap, will tell from the angle that copy copy, face Su Huang Mi Cai, facing Dong Jichang do not have what difficulty, but what should face this Liu Jian have difficulty. I want to be illogical, will tell by the truth, development that takes the place of on time, should be calligraphy writes better more, this makes development view. But our oversight a problem, the calligrapher of Tang Dynasty follows Song Dai's calligrapher, e.g. Cai of Su Huang rice, are they below what condition does calligraphic learn?
▲ Mi Fei " violet gold grinds post "
▲ Dong Jichang " hut of circumference of the Fei that face rice is written down " local
Person of past neither one has considered this issue, I had asked a few calligraphy the person of historian even, they had not thought seriously. This still is thought out by me. This is the issue that I should discuss today.
01/
We know Zhang Xu, cursive everybody Zhang Changshi. Zhang Xu is cursive home, but Zhang Xu writes tablet everybody may understand little, the thing that takes because of him is little. Left a tablet only, have rubbings from a stone tablet, left a tablet. Actually his regular script is well written, with him cursive and same good.
▲ Zhang Xu " man official stone column is written down "
Zhang Xu this familial it is old and well-known family. Zhang Xu's mom is the Liu Jian that a moment ago I tell close niece. Who is Zhang Xu's teacher? Zhang Xu's teacher is Liu Jian close son, yan Yuan making land, so-called at that time " Xiaoliu " , in Tang Chao when it is famous calligrapher, the work that leaves namely is very few, you do not see, everybody does not know this individual. This land home, their home is Changjiang Delta noble, their home for generations writes write well.
▲ Zhang Xu " ancient poetry 4 post " local
Is this the immaterial culture bequest that we often tell now? This Zhang Xu is Yan Yuanxue following land, "Xiaoliu " be sure with him dad learns without doubt, follow this Liu Jian. Of Liu Jian with who learn? With Yu Shina. Yu Shina is he kisses an uncle. That me again date from, with who Yu Shina learns? Yu Shina follows Zhi Yongxue. Zhi Yong, of Wang Xi 9 worlds grandson, that is to say " 2 king " send a person. This Home Wang, arrive in whole the Eastern Jin dynasty Sui Dou is old and well-known family, express the 9th era, passed Zhi Yong. Is a so far-reaching traditional Song Dai had? Without.
Again for instance Su Dongpo, although his pa is famous, su Xun, but not be calligrapher. Where is his grandfather? You do not know who his grandfather is, right? A lot of official of Song Dai, calligraphy cannot cross two generation, date from is less than two acting above.
▲ Su Shi " send sit advocate long on person a model of epistolary art "
Just I told a Zhang Xu casually, recalled several era, chased after the Eastern Jin dynasty " 2 king " . The edge has a problem here. Era is aristocratic politics times when Jin Tang, that is to say, the calligraphy of advance the Tang Dynasty that we see now is aristocratic calligraphy, not be civilian calligraphy. What cries civilian? In squireen, in the home nominal poor, but private school must have on superabundant still force. The live frugaly in the home goes to school for him, attended countrywide exam finally, one's deceased father went up to become a magnifico, this cries civilian. They do not have very far-reaching setting.
More significant difference is not here. Where be? More significant difference is, it is to pass authentic work to learn calligraphy after all, still learn calligraphy through counterfeit?
Whole of period of two the Song Dynasty civilian, they are basises Ge Tie will learn calligraphic. What calls Ge Tie? In Song Taizu, Song Taizong when, chun Huage is a cabinet among palace, this cabinet is to collect celebrity calligraphic technically. Come out editor of this celebrity calligraphy to be engraved on jujube wood, final inscription rubbing comes out, this calls Ge Tie. We form two knowledge later, one cries post learn, still tablet learns. Post learn, engrave on wood to imprint namely the copybook that come out, give a few secretary when time, chancellery takes this post to break up again quarter, circulate in folk, there are all sorts of cards in whole Song Dai then, include a lot of private also engraving post.
▲ Song Ke " fontal city Ben Chun changes Ge Tie "
Official of greater part a single cent or penny is in small when be to cannot see authentic work, their home has not had money so, do not collect authentic work. They can be passed only see such counterfeit, the word that uses me is counterfeit, than us present presswork returns poor counterfeit, because presswork is nominal still,can see the change of a few Chinese ink, change of shade, change of brush stroke in Chinese painting and calligraphy, this kind is engraved on jujube wood to imprint the post that come out, your whats look not to come out, just see black and white. That is to say, when Cai Zai of Su Huang rice is small, basically be the calligraphy that learns according to counterfeit. Should come next they become a magnifico, rich, they also can collect something. But we experience of a lot of visions often is fostered in teenage, childhood, to later, that thing very resemble veteran cadre calligraphy. Some things need boy work. This is different.
This is Tang Song the essential difference on calligraphy.
We know calligraphic stand or fall has a few levels probably, we may pay attention to two standards only. E.g. , from the style history the meaning will tell, cai of Su Huang rice is significant. Why significant? Founded new style, founded the style that Jin Tang does not have. at 2 o'clock, they are personalized calligraphy, reflected bright individual sex. Still having the 3rd is uncared-for, it is the problem of level.
▲ Wang Xianzhi " mid-autumn post "
Following Song Chao e.g. Tang Chao is two parallel countries, they do a dual meet, big Song Guo gave Cai of Su Huang rice, regard national group as the delegate. Tang Chao need not send more person, tang Chao sends one of Liu Jian only the individual is enough. We look round of Liu Jian calligraphy, what can you discover?
The first, also be a kind of style, with " 2 king " different style. The 2nd, have individual sex adequately, can see this is Liu Jian calligraphy. The 3rd, level. It why say is difficult to why say? The sort of law is revealed inside him. The surface is written very it seems that become loose, but the structure that you want to analyse it is the essence that comparative grinds. Grind in structural essence on short of of Cai Dou of Su Huang rice, this is high problem. This follows to authentic work learns and follow a difference that counterfeit learns namely, this is very significant difference.
02/
Our problem was solved now. Why to solve? We had entered civilian period now, the word of civilian times, we can go art gallery, we also can see authentic work. Language is official government-owned thing, civilian did. We should queue up to enter only there the edge can see authentic work, we also can see that breath, this is the settlement of a problem.
But still have a bit. Actually the concept of culture bequest is to have two, one is we can see authentic work, it is very important to still have a bit, we should see a person that has level sets an example. Rice Cai went to Su Huang to also can see authentic work of course later, but he sets an example without what the person that sees a top level does.
▲ Huang Tingjian " Song Fengge post " (local)
Zhang Xu is land Yan Yuan is done to him set an example, land Yan Yuan is him of card of old father land do to him set an example. Liu Jian gives south anxiety world do set an example. Zhi Yong is done to Yu Shina set an example. Zhi Yong is " 2 king " send a person, past dynasties is done set an example. This inheritance is very important, the celestial being that you want to step on that Great Master is enraged. So you should see how he is written, how to draw, this is very important.
Somebody asked, division take person either began in Sui Dai? Tang Dynasty also has imperial examination system, why must say Tang Dynasty is aristocratic politics times? Because of the imperial examinations of Tang Dynasty the system is changed without complete system, namely of Tang Dynasty main and bureaucratic come from system of two big nobles basically, one is old noble, we call Shandong the noble, shandong noble is the Shandong of broad sense, include Shandong, Heibei, Henan, Shanxi. Still have a parvenu additionally, be a delegate with Li Shimin namely, we call Guanlong the noble, it is northwest area, the bears blood relationship of introduced from the northern and western nationalities or from abroad person Guanlong's noble of Chinese northwest area, the world that they make.
The politics of Tang Dynasty is basic it is to be in what old noble, new noble moves under the control of these two nobles. A calligrapher of Tang Dynasty, renown painter was not a noble almost, the Yan Zhenqing that for instance I a moment ago told is a noble, even if arrived evening the Tang Dynasty, evening the Tang Dynasty has a Zhou Fang that paints picture of traditional Chinese painting of beautiful women, he is the section is spent after making, home of fierce the world, it is a noble.
It is weaker that force returns bookman at that time, bookman turns over truly, entering political arena is in Northen Song Dynasty, because Northen Song Dynasty began a system to change, take an examination of 3 years, imperial examinations becomes main bureaucratic source, begin to turn a right country into the system, just make so many in Xiaoshi a group of things with common features can be become in the imperial court civilian.
03/
We notice, era is the times that takes character picture seriously when Jin Tang. We say the classic period that the character draws, it is the most brilliant times be in Jin Tang. Because the noble likes a picture most, this follows Europe same. Aristocratic politics times of Europe is terminative very late, should be to be after the French Revolution just gradually terminative. Europe has a lot of castles, europe's major nation is basic after one battle, World War II just form, we are called nation-state, italy is not unified Italy so, it is country of a lot of a lot of city-state. Confirm of this as it happens of China realistically the times is terminative earlier.
▲ Sun Wei " Gao Yi pursues " (local)
Why terminative early? Want realistically, this thing cannot become a monk late in life, must get begin to learn as a child. Why does picture of their picture character draw Yanliben, Yan Lide well? That is a noble, they begin to learn as a child, want to learn ability a lot of years to be drawn so well.
Arrived civilian times. Civilian be in small when it is so good that general requirement is done not have. They can " the five classics of the four Books (The Great Learning,The Doctrine of the Mean,The Analects of Confucius and Mencius) " learn to come down pretty good, which have so much time to learn calligraphy? So character picture matchs with aristocratic politics. When we are telling a character to draw a standard, acting top level makes a mind when Jin Tang, superb work, ingenious can ease. Arrived after the Five Dynasties overturned, highest it is ease is tasted. Why be ease is tasted?
It is not important like unlike, this is civilian. Civilian much is become a monk late in life, so civilian it is so good to cannot be drawn realistically. More reductive than needing like picture landscape, hill is a bit taller, a bit shorter be indifferent to, drawing a tree also is same, the tree also does not grow facial features. Resembled going roughly, approximate likeness is OK.
▲ Ni Zan " Shui Zhu resides a graph "
Dong Yuan is in reputation of initial stage of Northen Song Dynasty is not big, 3 everybody Guo is like Northen Song Dynasty empty is written " drawing information annals " when, northen Song Dynasty does not have Dong Yuan in 3 everybody, have Li Cheng, Fan Kuan, still concern Tong, the Northen Song Dynasty that the big egghead that this is period of Northen Song Dynasty decides 3 everybody. Arrived yuan of face, yuan face has a Zhenjiang person to call soup , he changed this viewpoint of value. See character picture, he said a level. See a landscape painting, he says to be watched first innocent. Whose standard is the day really? Innocent the standard that is Dong Yuan of evaluation of Shenyang draw together, cry " Dongyuan is insipid and innocent much, this tastes Tang Mo, go up in Bi Hong " . This is Shenyang draw together in him " dream brook conversation by writing " inside write.
That is to say, from yuan later, dong Yuan promotes to a high office at a draught the first, surmounted Licheng and Fan Kuan, squeezed Guan Tong, turned new Northen Song Dynasty into 3 everybody. Because so the standard that goes drawing a picture to accord with bookman quite. Li Cheng, Fan Kuan is drawn that, will discuss too hard copy to what any learns a landscape painting. Because it has difficulty, the calligraphy that says those who face Liu Jian with me is same argument, because inside have law, that law special heavy and complicated and essence grind, not be be clear at a glance. Dong Yuan's picture be clear at a glance, his administrative levels is very few.
▲ Fan Kuan " brook hill traveller pursues "
Although common aristocratic politics is in Song Dai is terminative, but still left a noble in Chinese society. Who is this noble? It is a monarch, because the monarch is OK of inheritance, descendent. Can have through a few generation in imperial home collect richly, they can see the authentic work that we say. The most important case is Song Hui an administrative unit in Xizang. Song Hui an administrative unit in Xizang can be drawn so good realistically, he is absolutely unlike article is the same as, Su Shi such, begin to paint a picture on the way, he is certainly from very small begin to learn. And he also can innovate style, start a kind of new thin gold system namely, if learning to tell by the style, this also is an unprecedented new style. The emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty each can write, include their queen, wu Huang hind, Yang Huang hind writes skill good word.
▲ Song Hui ancestor " auspicious Long Shi pursues "
Arrived bright generation when, surname bright red one this, this one noble still is being passed. You see Zhu Yuanzhang won't write, zhu Di also is no good, arrived Ming Xuanzong, it is Xuan Dehuang the Supreme Being writes skill good word, paint skill good picture, " Wu Hou lies high " be realistically picture, draw a line exceedingly bright, deft. Several emperors of bright generation, xian Zonghui is drawn, emperor of 10 thousand all previous writes skill good word. Remain love to become aware newly to quiet day collect this noble. Love becomes aware newly collect this noble, also be an a few generation be no good, cong Yongzheng, Qianlong just begins to write good word. So you can understand, why to arrive at the beginning of Wan Mingqing can have 8 such height of big, stone billows, the noble is belonged to on the history. Of course I so the suspicion that tells a likelihood to blood relationship is talked. Not all noble can change artist, I am to point to fall in similar requirement, one is civilian, one is a noble, their two words that want to compare, you can discover the noble has an advantage more, because have in their home,collect, have inheritance.
▲ Ming Xuanzong " fierce Hou Gao Wo pursues "
Aristocratic politics takes character picture seriously, take seriously realistically. Aristocratic gout follows civilian interest very similar. China abandoned imperial examinations 1905, civilian politics is thoroughly terminative. Speak with traditional sense, china also does not have bookman again, the following scholar calls an intellectual. Just comes in this civilian times when, in western popularity long realistically art enters China.
After bourgeois culture of the west rises, had begun to object realistically, modernistic be in Europe already arisen. But China is not newest modernistic introduce come, be an aristocratic times realistically art introduces China. That is to say, all nation-state are among the process that propose form, use the culture Shi Xushu that will become this nation realistically. If use comfortable thing,do not have a law to do this to narrate. So Xie Yongxin has a word, he says realistic the prophecy that is nation-state. Sino-Japanese Han Dou passes this course, it is introducing with time almost realistically, begin enlarge in this nation-state realistically next.
▲ Xu Beihong " ox of · of 12 any of the twelve animalses "
But in civilian politics times, arrive all the time from Songdai for instance late Qing Dynasty, enjoyable popularity, realistically still is to have, where? In palace art inside. Palace art sheds the image of a monarch all the time, make drive appearance. Give a monarch the picture, paint picture of a few histories even, the monarch conquered which place, the thing of such record a merit. Still the hero resembles. Still have social custom, similar " the river on Pure Brightness pursues " , that bridge this structure, this is very realistically. Be among palace art or have exist realistically, this is aristocratic demand, represent the descendent aristocratic interest of a palace. Palace art is to take seriously all the time realistically. In the civilian art beyond palace either, it emphasizes freehand brushwork in traditional Chinese painting. This is two different traditions.
▲ Lang Shining " Qianlong emperor reviews a plan greatly "
