One, the quality common fault with roadbed common project and measure of prevention and cure
(one) , fore-and-aft break
1, phenomenon:
Road surface appears fore-and-aft break, serious when break broadens, interstitial to spread of margin of earthy road shoulder, interstitial office appears wrong platform, form slippery crack a face. Earthy roadbed apparent is not close-grained.
2, form a reason:
In ① construction carelessly roadbed catchment, encounter rain to immerse roadbed, fail again in follow-up construction seasonable answer pressure.
② stands by backfill of conduit a side not close-grained.
3, measure of prevention and cure:
(1) fill before building bed, above all, must dredge roadbed even if two side are transverse drainage system, avoid roadbed to suffer leach bubble.
Especially foundation earth is the granule earth such as loess, clay, fall in dry state (optimal water content) the structure is stronger, have relatively
Strong carrying capacity, once suffer leach bubble, will easy form frost heave or roadbed to sedimentation, because this does free of water of in front of of good roadbed construction
Connect particularly important.
(2) roadbed turner must statified fill build, statified grind pressure, forbidden road changes boil in the project fill, squeezing ramming of general a section of a highway is spent must not be more than 30cm, tectonic content two side (bridge contain head is handled) loose shop ply must not be more than 20cm. Not congenial earth cannot be mixed fill, same kind earth is filled build ply to cannot be less than 50cm(two) .
(3) in roadbed construction, according to the design the requirement becomes good drainage project and construction place above all around temporarily catchment establishment, often can be in in order to hold bed dry, solid with steady state. Make it of roadbed end face 2 ％ - 4 ％ horizontal slope, in order to facilitate exterior water is seasonable eduction.
(2) , exceed thick backfill
1, phenomenon:
One kind is roadbed fill, one kind is groove backfill earth, the empty that does not press a regulation spreads ply backfill. Serious person, use grab groove fill and level up.
2, harm:
Cannot place lay up thick the packing that the loosen the soil inside achieves a requirement entirely. So road, will cause roadbed and settlement of road surface structure, if be conduit, its thorax place the packing that short of asks, make the earthy pressure of thorax place is less than pressure of earth tubal a tip to be less than pressure of earth tubal a tip and ground load, the likelihood causes body rupture.
3, case study:
Construction technology personnel and jockey person are insufficient to afore-mentioned harm quality awareness; Project ministry is in tell sb one's real intentions of respect of technical tell sb one's real intentions not clear or not do one's best of quality control measure; Construction person intended slack off is reckless.
4, administer measure:
Strengthen a technology to groom, make construction technology personnel and operation personnel understanding assign the content of lamination fact.
(3) , nip takes chunk earth backfill
1, phenomenon:
Clod of chunk firm ground, big brick, large block, big coagulation is contained in filling.
2, harm:
The nip in filling takes lump matter, cloggy earth fruit of close actual effect of whole of close short of is squeezed each other between makings. On the other hand lump content raises mat muller, generation folds phenomenon of build by laying bricks or stones, after making interstitial day leaves all round lump content, happen deep-set.
3, case study:
Do not know the to tamp adverse effect in be buried of mix into of bigger lump content; Do not wish to carry more abandon cubic meter of earth or sundry; Or tell sb one's real intentions is not clear, or control is not strict.
4, administer a method:
Want to take the harm of lump backfill to handlers explain in backfill earth tell sb one's real intentions, make handlers can be abided by self-consciously; Want to manage strictly, to should be being taken out clod of the big brick in filling, big coagulation, should be broken into pieces to be more than the hard clod of 10cm or take out.
(4) , road bed earth passes wet or grind after pressing, appear " bedspring earth " phenomenon
1, phenomenon:
Water content of roadbed backfill earth exceeds squeezing ramming optimal water content, as a result is ground after been press local appear soft play a phenomenon.
2, case study:
(1) , in having roadbed excavate process, rainfall makes layer of earth of rainwater immerge roadbed;
(2) , because subterranean water level is exorbitant layer of earth of infiltration road bed;
(3) , fill roadbed undertakes filling, earthy water content exceeds optimal water content, did not undertake air is basked in grind pressure;
(4) , roadbed filling is contained what do not accord with a requirement is earthy (be like agglutinant larger tract) .
3, harm:
Water content of roadbed backfill earth exceeds squeezing ramming optimal water content, grind after been press, local conference appears " bedspring " phenomenon, the squeezing ramming that short of sets is spent, can affect the stability of layer of road surface structure, cause layer of road surface structure to be destroyed prematurely.
4, administer a method:
(1) , when monsoon construction roadbed, want to adopt effectively monsoon construction measure. Excavation paragraph should in roadbed brim two side install barrel-drain; Fill paragraph, should go up in time earth is ground in time pressure, survive that day. Encounter the earth that rainwater soaks, should adopt air to bask in or change filling to pledge.
(2) , roadbed is filled those who build is earthy should avoid to use agglutinant bigger earthy.
(3) , roadbed is ground after pressing if appear soft play a phenomenon, should dig thoroughly except, change fill the good land with appropriate water content.
(4) , responsible experiment personnel wants to undertake detecting to earthy water content before roadbed construction, ensure earthy achieve optimal water content and provide the experimental data that has a basis for spot construction.
(5) , new old bed is built receive appear fore-and-aft break
1, phenomenon:
Road widens transform cause road surface facing to appear fore-and-aft break, reduce road surface to use fixed number of year.
New old bed is built accept position, appear build receive width to be not worth a phenomenon
2, the account that produces fore-and-aft break:
(1) because earthy base is quality poor, the addition that causes load of gene of earth of ministry of base of new beaten track happens sedimentation. But when the ground gene below former bed is being transformed, knot of main already firm sedimentations the load that reach the designated position and increases is far be less than new widen part, its settling amount is less than greatly new widen partial foundation.
(2) new way roadbed is built when receiving, old roadbed is built receive processing not to accord with a design to ask, cause build receive width inadequacy;
(3) occurrence difference of new old bed sedimentations after construction, roadbed loses stability, expression is the split extent inside embankment (coping split extent is inside old road limits) the earthy system outside sinks side moves, cause road surface rip fore-and-aft craze.
3, measure of prevention and cure:
(1) municipal road widens transforming roadbed is crucial, roadbed is the foundation of road surface, bear to deliver all sorts of load that come down by road surface, accordingly, of roadbed solid with stability it is one of fundamental conditions that assure road surface intensity and stability. Old way rebuilds the project is tall to the technical requirement of roadbed construction, because old way changes found a capital to must undertake broaden is mixed,be add the processing that reachs system of old way former drainage high. The malady of the measure with any undeserved construction and project of cubic meter of earth is hard in the conserve henceforth correct, rebuilding accordingly in the project, broaden of the processing of the interface that has handled roadbed of old barrel-drain and body of old build by laying bricks or stones, new beaten track to join a department, roadbed and add tall it is whole rebuild the key of project quality stand or fall.
A. The processing of old way drain and body of old build by laying bricks or stones.
① old ditch: In the process of roadbed broaden, drain of former old way will be dug up or enclothe, to the ditch of fill a section of a highway, the body of build by laying bricks or stones that should get on old barrel-drain above all and sundry dig get rid of, use as identical as its soil or fill and level up of arenaceous sex earth next, reoccupy machinery tamp, its squeezing ramming is spent cannot spend under the squeezing ramming of old roadbed soil, the stress of squeezing ramming coefficient of new filling soil is begged achieve 98% above, have this condition to just may be in the place of roadbed broaden and edge channel backfill to prevent to fashion settlement only.
② dismantles system of old build by laying bricks or stones: Rebuild height of the filling in the project is average not big, body of old build by laying bricks or stones should be demolished, because body of old build by laying bricks or stones is mixed,the each function target that writes built roadbed material newly differs very big, differ to the soak of water and uptake especially, and earthy water content is the main factor that influence roadbed squeezing ramming spends, construction process is accordingly medium, demolish old Lu Yuanshi first, do not be less than width of old way scrape next the step of 1m; Manage together, also must remove the retaining wall on old way shoulder and embankment, avoid to cause sedimentation inhomogenously.
B. Because the intensity of new old bed and close-grained level are different, new old bed meets what generation differs sedimentation, can cause juncture of road surface edge to appear consequently fore-and-aft break, be aimed at this one defect, we are right of new old way join take following step:
The processing of foundation of bank of ① develop the broad way: When case of foundation of bank of develop the broad way is good, cleared surface soil is ground pressure close-grained hind, undertake embankment fill build. When foundation is undesirable foundation, occurrence ply is less than the bad soil of 3m, dig except use change fill processing, statified grind pressure close-grained, statified ply is 0.2 ～ 0.3m, appear when ply of layer of silty or weak earth is less than 3m, use jackstone to squeeze silt method processing, stone uses the cut into a mountain that does not have decency piece stone, piece stone is not less than 30cm. When occurrence ply is more than 3m when layer of bad soil, silty or weak earth, according to different situation, can use catchment solid to written guarantee law, bead expects the picket of gush of picket, pink, indigenous method that add muscle is handled.
Of ② cutting widen: Be in above all above the position of slope design barrel-drain has been done temporarily barrel-drain, next carry away of excavation of from above to below, slope of final nap edge, by in front already narrated means to handle old ditch, and to what already widened shoulder of earthy radical road undertakes dry processing.
③ is fore-and-aft build receive: Old way rebuilds fore-and-aft appear build when receiving, way of line of along the road will be old road scrape width the fore-and-aft step of not less than 1m.
The choice of ④ roadbed filling: The filling part of roadbed broaden ought to form structure of a whole completely with old roadbed, maintain good stability, best method is to use as identical as old road soil, when cannot accomplish this to nod, can use lime improved earth, abide by strictly fill build a regulation, every ply is 0.2 ～ 0.3m.
⑤ roadbed squeezing ramming: The purpose of roadbed squeezing ramming is to raise the close-grained rate of earthy system, reduce filling water penetration, prevent moisture accumulation and dip corrode, avoid roadbed bate to because aspic bilges,be reached those who cause is inhomogenous be out of shape, ensure roadbed is in the strength that annual all has a design to ask inside each season and stability, raise municipal viatic to use character, decrease thin road surface to offer advantage. What ought to notice to old way broaden is: Combinative department must be ground overwhelm, cannot overwhelm like machinery of large squeezing ramming edge, be about to use squeezing ramming of small-sized and oscillatory equipment, ensure any place squeezing ramming spend develop wide roadbed to all accord with a requirement.
(6) , the quality common fault of lime ground basic level and prevention and cure
1, phenomenon:
Lime not clear up is complete, cause roadbed " bosomy bag " phenomenon.
2, the reason of generation:
Did not use blend equipment compulsively, blend number insufficient.
3, precautionary measures:
Good equipment land and lime press relevant scale statified hand in fold caboodle to carry blend field to go up, use rotary tillage machine or road mix machine to wait blend equipment to have mix, the requirement is blended even, colour and lustre is consistent, without grey phenomenon. If earthy drier, should adopt add water, with optimal and hydrous control.
2, roadbed is accessary the quality common fault with common project and precautionary measures
(one) , stone of side build by laying bricks or stones is out of shape
1, phenomenon:
Earth of the curbstone, quality common fault that makes the same score stone to install build by laying bricks or stones and prevention and cure, empty not density of tamp or requirement of tamp short of, after complete consign is used, appear to be out of shape and sink namely, appear winding, rugged.
2, case study:
(1) did not press basic level of road surface of construction of design requirement measure.
(2) did not make back of a chair of Tong of good curbstone back by design requirement and quality standard irrigate built job.
3, harm:
Hit outside force a bit, walk unsteadily namely and sink, those who do not maintain plane to go up is straight suitable spend and the flatness on vertical section, cause the visible defect on exterior quality.
4, administer a method:
(1) road tooth foundation should be spread with similar structure booth with road surface basic level, synchronism is ground pressure; Bottom land exceeds dig should tamp.
(2) how to carry curbstone to want to press design requirement construction, mortar lies bottom.
(2) , admire after curbstone pitch
1, phenomenon:
After curbstone An Zaicheng lives and the shop builds road surface, local or greater part has pitch hind to admire and majority is pitch namely to road surface bend, and end face is rough.
2, case study:
(1) what An Zaishi is absorbed in reaching the part on curbstone inside is straight suitable degree, not attend to establishs face verticality and end face level to spend.
(2) when tamp of the filling after how curbstone carries, below half inside and outside is disloyal, when tamp of on tooth back half filling, extruding of pressure standing ground is inward bend. When the side outside curbstone does not set footpath, wait for the telescope of outside force inside via the wheel, curbstone is admired outwards.
3, harm:
Admire outside the batter of curbstone, destroyed curbstone whole to be arranged continuously degree, affect look and viatic exterior quality.
4, administer a method:
(1) of curbstone how to carry what edges and corners should go up inside control already is straight suitable degree, in order to want the verticality that the attention establishs a range, the examination that end face level spends is controlled.
(2) how does curbstone carry after tone is straight, curbstone is irrigated with the Tong back of a chair of the ministry build cannot take hasty action; Want to press construction of blueprint paper size.
(3) , " flat rock " end face is rough not straight
1, phenomenon:
(1) prep above of flat rock end face or under road surface brim.
(2) flat rock tilts outwards upcountry, tooth body crushs or be gone out to bend by muller elbow.
2, case study:
Cause cement concrete flat rock is rough not straight reason, cement concrete makes the same score stone to be in when pressing facing, grinding is to cannot go up commonly grind those who press, because apply control of man-hour tall Cheng to forbid, or because roadside predestined relationship is rock-bottom rugged, cause occurrence height of oil path brim and flat rock to differ.
3, harm:
(1) the exterior quality that affects road whole and cross section are tall Cheng.
(2) the music turn of flat rock and dump, make oil path edge is broken easily crack, it is to cause roadside inchoate destructive germ.
4, administer a method:
Flat rock end face and ground floor of roadside predestined relationship want cement concrete to control tall Cheng and flatness strictly. When booth spreads bitumen compound, want according to squeezing ramming coefficient, need tower above to make the same score stone end face, when grinding the face that press oil, should use hot mound hammer and margin of tamp of hot iron nap with the person, make oil path edge and smooth Shi Jieping are received solid.
(4) , curbstone appears dimension is abhorrent
1, phenomenon:
(1) curbstone end face and road surface brim are differred relatively high abhorrent. Appear in order to design high 15cm is exemple, there is 8 on actual project, of 9cm, have 18, of 20cm.
(2) curbstone end face is fore-and-aft submit wave form.
2, case study:
(1) control of curbstone tall Cheng is better and margin of negligence road surface is high the control of Cheng, create roadside wave.
(2) control of tall Cheng of road surface brim is better, and the control that ignored curbstone tall Cheng, create wave of curbstone end face.
(3) two kinds of circumstances hold concurrently and have, inevitable metropolis causes curbstone and road surface brim relatively tall difference is abhorrent.
3, harm:
(1) the exterior quality that affects road whole.
(2) end face wave will affect road surface cross section the percent of pass of tall Cheng, still can cause seeper of the roadside between two rainwater mouth.
4, administer a method:
(1) tall Cheng of curbstone tall Cheng and road surface center should use punctuation of level of a series at the same time. Give control strictly, want to examine the change of corrective and harmonic picket at any time in construction curbstone process, selective examination how to already carried good curbstone tall Cheng at any time. Should not put tall Cheng stake get sth done once and for ever. The tall Cheng picket that can examine to already was put with check so is accurate, handlers also examines in the meantime using tall Cheng stake correct.
(2) the curbstone tall Cheng with accurate support, stand in curbstone tall Cheng of outlet cover foul line is played on the face, according to this line, the flatness of roadside ground floor that should look for filling nap beforehand and packing. When layer of booth shop front, press tall Cheng of the control that play a line strictly.
(5) , out of round of tortuous path character 8 is suitable
1, phenomenon:
(1) course most diameter is bent, local out of round is suitable, have lose a point, accord with the requirement of round radius with character 8 of diameter of crossing smaller part, occurrence knuckle, or appear many radian.
(2) curbstone tall Cheng and road surface brim differ great disparity relatively high, appear relatively beyond point of tangency apparently tall dash forward, majority appears in character 8 of diameter of crossing smaller part and segregation to take tooth of fracture surface round head.
(3) a crossing curbstone of two side character 8 appears a side high a side is low.
2, case study:
(1) after how curbstone of curve of course most diameter carries, macroscopical turn is suitable degree did not move suitable, return earth to secure namely.
(2) circular arc of smaller part diameter, did not give off the centre of a circle, control radian by design radial.
(3) segregation takes fracture surface to did not press fracture surface traverse tall Cheng or design place control curbstone tall Cheng to contour line. Treat curbstone tall Cheng optional sex is stronger.
3, harm:
Curbstone curve out of round is suitable, basically affect exterior quality.
4, administer a method:
(1) curve of course most diameter, except strict according to already quantity of pilot road central line produces curbstone position to control outside how carrying, after doing macroscopical attune to arrange even, secure in backfill.
(2) round curve of smaller part diameter should use round radius to control circular arc, tall programmed control of the vertical cross section that wants the fracture surface that press a road or contour line makes curbstone tall Cheng.
(3) curve of circular arc of too small radius, what grow the knuckle of curbstone and short curbstone to prevent and cure is not stable reach point seamed difficulty, should press design round radius curbstone of prefab circular arc.
(6) , flat rock is rough
1, phenomenon:
(1) flat rock is local have sink or photograph adjacent board difference is too big.
(2) flat rock end face is fore-and-aft have apparent wave.
(3) flat rock material is differred character, the surface is rough whole, have a skin, have the appearance such as arenaceous, break.
2, case study:
(1) exceed by Ping Shiji dig a part or because tall Cheng is insufficient,part of make up a deficiency did not undertake tamp.
(2) board difference builds technology with build by laying bricks or stones greatly rough peace stone (easy brick) rough or itself surface is screwy about.
(3) Ping Shibo billow, basically be tall Cheng out of control creates vertical section.
(4) did not press quality standard live material quality entering the arena closes.
3, harm:
(1) billow of Xiang Bo of smooth Shi Zong, photograph adjacent board difference, sink, can create rainwater opening between seeper: Make road surface and smooth Shi Ye are received not easily at the same time smooth, affect the exterior quality of road surface whole.
(2) flat rock is more assume road surface catchment slant the place that channel and dustman sweep wear and tear, if material is qualitative not close-grained, intensity is low, have beehive, desquamate, the meeting because ooze water, the reason such as decency of be in harmony of wintry spring aspic, cause concrete to make the same score stone to give pit loose.
4, precautionary measures:
(1) should press its quality standard to shut occupy field strictly character to averaging the capable person of stone.
(2) the packing that should assure every Ping Shiji end. Be dug to exceeding and make up a deficiency fills mat or other to abandon groove, must complement tamp.
(3) tall Cheng of the side outside be being mixed to the inside of flat rock, should add fine point to give control, in build by laying bricks or stones in building, should check with sruveyor's level at any time, had done tall Cheng to check and accept finally.
(4) to making the same score stone lie bottom mortar should notice the job is spent, cannot too dry. Every have tamp to come requirement elevation. Stay seam even, tick off seam close-grained.
(7) , material of curbstone, flat rock is differred character
1, phenomenon:
(1) concrete strength of curbstone, flat rock is insufficient, in carriage process edge damage drops horn more.
(2) curbstone surface bleb is much, curbstone, flat rock has hemp side, have a skin, even some occurrence local or whole inattentive.
(3) curbstone Bao Hou is differ, edges and corners is not straight, present bicephalous pointed appearance; Flat rock surface is rough, quadrilateral twist is not on one each horizontal, cause the local photograph neighbour that brings build by laying bricks or stones board difference.
2, case study:
(1) curbstone, Ping Shisheng produces manufacturer, to make money, cement dosage low or use inferior cement and unqualified bone material (bottom of grading difference, intensity, clay content is big) cause strength low, easy attaint; At the same time because technical quality is low, management is poor, lack due quality to control a medium, the quality target that short of sets.
(2) the person that construction unit material is purchased, not be quality of choose and buy is good, however price of patronage choose and buy is low.
3, harm:
Material of curbstone, flat rock is differred character, intensity is low, classics not storm is blown, drench, freezing, car bumps wait for nature and factitious dip to kill, have not complete meets test, already appeared namely attaint, quality of influence project exterior and use function, create waste of do poorly done work over again. After complete meets test, premature attaint, increase maintenance burden to conserve unit. The attaint that make the same score stone causes roadside seeper, be in harmony of wintry spring aspic more drama attaint, the job protecting clean that also gives a dustman increased difficulty.
4, precautionary measures:
The material buyer of construction unit should cooperate with the quality administrator of this enterprise, be in charge of choosing to purchase manufacturer beforehand, to its dimension of the exterior quality of the product, intensity, geometry wants to close strictly instead, unqualified cannot enter the arena.
(8) , footpath board brick sinks
1, phenomenon:
(1) footpath following of board brick bureau is heavy, phenomenon of occurrence hole hole.
(2) board brick shakes footpath, flatness difference.
2, case study:
(1) quality of backfill of footpath grey earth is poorer, fall especially when having management sex cop, because control of conduit backfill quality is lax, cause sink cause footpath board brick sinks.
(2) in footpath board brick intensity did not achieve a design when the requirement, the settlement that outside force causes.
3, precautionary measures:
(1) strengthen footpath the control of quality of backfill of conduit of bottom management sex, every lamination fact spends close check, the backfill quality that surely truly.
(2) strengthen footpath the quality control of Tong of layer of board brick foundation, when achieving intensity, should strengthen finished product protection, prevent car to enter board brick that already finished to go up.
(9) , footpath board brick horizontal N-joining is not straight
1, phenomenon:
(1) board brick horizontal N-joining does not arrange footpath straight.
(2) exterior impressions is poorer.
(3) stick occurrence fault stage not closely to wait with Lu Yuanshi.
2, case study:
(1) footpath did not undertake hanging a line in laid process, transverse and fore-and-aft occurrence line twist.
(2) in laid process, laid of layer of rock-bottom Tong mat is rough whole.
(3) laid footpath when board brick, hammer of artificial use rubber not brace up pound close-grained.
3, measure of prevention and cure:
(1) when brick of every path board undertakes laid, must use transverse, fore-and-aft hang a line, the line that adjusts laid in time.
(2) after laid ends owe in time seam processing. line.
3, the quality common fault with common layer of road surface structure and measure of prevention and cure
1, 7D is restricted without side compressive strength is unqualified
Case study: Cement quality is inferior, affect compound solid tie; Cement dosage is insufficient; Aggregate grading is poorer.
Precautionary measures: Those who reinforce concrete entering the arena check and accept and reinspect, the cement that does not have certificate of approval does not grant to check and accept, reinspect unqualified cement taboo. Strengthen the quality awareness of jockey person to teach, prevent jerry. Those who strengthen agitate equipment is metric detect, make sure metric precision is in permit error range inside. Strengthen arenaceous (rock bits) , stone raw material examines, but arenaceous (rock bits) , when stone raw material is changed, undertake assorted test having a competition afresh.
2, thick fines is detached when booth is spread
Case study: Agitate time is inadequate, compound uniformity is poor, or mixer is metric forbid, thin volume makings falls less or did not fall, cause wide market makings to center; Assemble and unassemble separation phenomenon appears in carrying.
Precautionary measures: Strengthen the quality awareness of jockey person, assure the compasses plasticity of agitate process; Undertake calibrating to the metric device of mixer regularly, ensure its are metric precision; Before booth is spread, be opposite already the compound of separation is artificial and new agitate; If be in grind press a process to discover makings of collect of degree of finish centers a phenomenon, dig its except, respectively mix into enters agitate of thick, fines even, spread out the shop is ground again pressure.
3, squeezing ramming is spent poorer
Case study: Control of compound water content forbids; Aggregate grading is poorer; Grind pressure non-standard.
Precautionary measures: Strengthen the metric calibrating of agitate equipment, make sure its are metric precision; Because compound is being carried, booth shop grinds the meeting in controlling a process to produce loss of partial water share, in principle of the water consumption when agitate is pressed be more than optimal water content 1% undertake controlling; Strengthen arenaceous (rock bits) , stone raw material detects, when arenaceous (rock bits) , when stone raw material is changed, undertake assorted test having a competition afresh; Strengthen the quality awareness of jockey person to teach, strengthen the technical tell sb one's real intentions of pair of jockey people, ensure grind the compasses plasticity that controls a process.
4, basic level appears inattentive phenomenon
Case study: Grind pressure after shaping not conserve, or conserve is non-standard; Traffic control is lax, car of pass through the territory of a country or construction car are current on basic level face, cause basic level end face to suffer destroy; Grind pressure the process is non-standard, roller is in just ground pressure turn on survived basic level face, turn around.
Precautionary measures: Strengthen technical education, improve the knowledge of operation personnel, administrator to importance of compound preserve one's health, earnest technology discipline, manage strictly, implement the regulation that preserve one's health issues in damp condition after compound squeezing ramming shapes strictly. When conserve builds superstratum facing to the shop till; Close like construction area traffic, car of forbidden construction is current on the basic level surface that already formed; Did not close like construction area traffic, it is as far as possible outside structural layer build temporarily shortcut makes car current, if cannot avoid truly, assure to restrict loaded vehicle to pass through at least; Strengthen the technology of jockey person to teach, assure the compasses plasticity of unit process of cargo bandling, forbidden roller is in already ground pressure turn on survived basic level face, turn around.
5, flatness is poorer
Case study: Mix close matter not quite even, grind pressure the process is inhomogenous sedimentation; Grind pressure the process is non-standard, did not eliminate rut or roller to stop in just ground the compound that presses to go up, low-lying band is formed below roller gravity action; Smooth level is not high at the beginning of booth shop process, grind press a process to sink differ, cause local and low-lying; Roadbed flatness is poor, influence basic level.
Precautionary measures: Strengthen compound to mix the compasses plasticity that controls a process; Like discovery uniformity is differred after compound discharge, mix afresh artificially close; Strengthen basic level to grind the compasses plasticity that press, do not allow to appear round of slash phenomenon; Grind after approaching an end, forbidden roller park is on the basic level face that just survived; Use theory of the control that draw a line to spread height, outside removing the fore-and-aft control that draw a line, emphasize transverse pull line of going from place to place to undertake detecting, when discovery has low-lying place, in grind before pressing seasonable fill; Strengthen technical education, control roadbed flatness strictly.
6, elevation controls difference
Case study: Roadbed flatness is poor, basic level empty spreads ply to master not easily, affect basic level level; Insufficient or density of tall Cheng reference point is high mistake of elevation of Cheng reference point; Empty shop coefficient is not accurate, in construction process sum up experience not in time; When using tall Cheng of the control that draw a line, itself of the position that draw a line is wrong.
Precautionary measures: Strengthen technical education, control roadbed flatness strictly; Strengthen what tall programmed control of basic level end face makes a point to measure check to work, ensure its accuracy, consider the density of reference point to be: Line segment of music having vertical stroke every *+ , lofting a bit; The empty that determines basic level according to construction experience again according to the standard spreads coefficient, basic level is ground after pressing detect in time tall Cheng adjusts empty in time to spread coefficient; Strengthen the technology of jockey person to teach, the corrector after emphasizing drawing a line works.
4, the quality common fault of facing of bitumen compound road surface and prevention and cure
1, road surface flatness is poor
Phenomenon: Bitumen compound spreads out shop, cuddle is made the same score artificially, grind the surface after pressing still relatively level off, after open traffic road surface goes out
Show wave or appear " small dish " hole, " a knot in one's heart " hole.
Case study:
(1) rock-bottom flatness is poor, because compound of of all kinds bitumen has its certain squeezing ramming coefficient, after booth is spread, exterior cuddle was made the same score, because base is rugged, and empty shop ply has enjoy some thick, grind after pressing, small part sedimentations little, taller, be in after sedimentation much, inferior, exterior flatness is poor.
(2) booth shop method is undeserved, in waiting for thick empty lay up, because spread out iron is used when the shop,cast high, or the wallop when carriage discharge breaks bitumen compound solid, or person, car steps on random make friends in disorder on empty shop compound, after that cuddle is smooth, cause the actual condition abhorrent, empty place is inferior, real point is higher, flatness is poorer.
(3) makings bottom is cleared sordid, discharge of direct use up all one's resources is in bitumen compound on ground floor, felt keeps clear of by the makings on base grass-roots unit sordid, or spread out the surplus material that day on ground floor at random, act as to spread out the shop expects partly, but it already squeezing ramming, condensation, narrowed greatly squeezing ramming coefficient, when virgin material compensatory cuddle makes the same score squeezing ramming hind, form local tall dash forward, bumpy, rough whole.
Harm:
(1) the main use function that road surface flatness is civil engineer. If road is not even, can reduce driving speed, increase jolt of drive a vehicle, increase wallop, attaint car parts, reduce comfortable sex, reduce security, reduce economic benefits and social benefit.
(2) road surface heals rough calm, car wallop heals big, to viatic attaint heals serious, can reduce the investment benefit that civil engineer builds greatly.
Administer a method:
(1) should solve rock-bottom flatness problem above all, the ground floor that indicates here is generally refer to. If bitumen compound facing divides a shop, so the ground floor of exterior layer is medium facing, the ground floor of facing is ground layer in, the ground floor of ground layer is viatic basic level, the ground floor of basic level is viatic roadbed, each flatness is met a flatness is crucial. Want so according to face of the satisfy the need in quality inspection assess each demand is controlled strictly, examine seriously. Go up in the foundation that makes sure each packing and freely break tall Cheng especially, raise flatness the standard undertakes controlling, final ability assures the high quality of the flatness of exterior layer.
(2) the booth shop of facing should use booth shop machine, put follow datum line of tall Cheng of every two side, the obligate that operates a hand to control very very hot flat is mixed high stability; When small area or machine of shop of termless use booth, want the methodological booth shop that sets strictly according to operating rules, use the method that buckle a shovel namely, forbid Yang Qiao, want shovel shovel jackknife, the requirement when buckling a shovel is blown backward slightly with spade, agree in order to make equably, when use barrow and fork-lift truck carry expect, the booth after application heats up a shovel to will expect the bottom breaks real share to turn over a pine is smooth, in an attempt to everywhere false or true is consistent. Cuddle makes the same score working procedure, cannot in trample the empty lay up without squeezing ramming, want retrograde cuddle to be made the same score survive, if reappearance has wrong place, can have special grow to make the same score cuddle of scraper make up a deficiency.
(3) bitumen compound should discharge is on iron plate, cannot tilt to build ground floor to go up in the shop directly. If want discharge to be on base grass-roots unit, must try to keep clear of clean. The rest cold makings cannot be spread directly build appropriative on base grass-roots unit one part layer is thick, should heat to do it additionally to use.
2, road surface receives stubble rough, inattentive, road surface has round of mark
Phenomenon:
(1) use booth spreads machine booth or artificial booth is spread, two between fore-and-aft receive stubble rough, appear to be differred high, or appear to drop broken bits phenomenon loose in the place that receive stubble.
(2) what twice booth spreads is transverse receive stubble rough, have jump car.
(3) oil path face and curbstone receive stubble or with other building the place that receive stubble stays have round of mark.
Case study:
(1) fore-and-aft receive stubble rough, because ply of two empty shop is abhorrent,be, create tall difference, 2 be two between all belong to every brim, oil reservoir relatively empty, after be being pressed via grinding, disloyal, appear to give channel appearance loose.
(2) it is no matter heat or cold those who receive is transverse receive stubble, because empty spreads the deviation of ply and muller to build the booth of termination to squeeze exercise to be received very hard in the shop,also be smooth.
(3) oil path face and curbstone or build content to accept stubble position with other, muller was not ground by the side of towel pressure, did not use tamp of mound hammer iron again, deficient oily part not seasonable make up a deficiency, cause brim place to fight depression rough and inattentive drop broken bits, or leave round of mark.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) freely to receive stubble to all need do one's best to make booth spreads ply of false or true to agree twice, if be in,grind press discovery rough or have go up oil or deficient oily phenomenon, answer to use artificial complement or nap instantly, cold receive stubble to still need dig to establish stubble, brush edge oil, after using hot iron to receive stubble iron to rectify, be in squeezing ramming.
(2) mix to curbstone root ministry build content to receive stubble, muller controls the position that be less than, want to person specially assigned for a task has make level, with hot mound hammer and hot iron, tamper bake in a pan is close-grained, eliminate round of mark at the same time.
3, appear a layer to fall off
Phenomenon: Appear a layer to appear fall off, bestrew does not reach the designated position.
Case study:
(1) basic level is swept not complete, basic level moisture, did not blow sweep clean.
(2) basic level pollution is caused.
Avoid measure:
(1) basic level is swept in must clear clean to contaminant of cubic meter of earth.
(2) use puissant blower to undertake sweeping, local use high-pressured water to undertake cleaning.
(3) basic level moisture is like before bitumen asperses cloth, prohibit construction.
4, damaged of earthy labor grille
Case study:
(1) earthy labor grille is secured not firm.
(2) tune of booth shop machine causes grille damaged.
Avoid measure:
(1) fixed hammer span is added close, after levelling, prohibit other vehicle is in on turn around travel.
(2) other rubber mat is used to undertake defending when spreading out shop machine turns around, prevent grille of labor of pedrail damaged land.
5, stand by Lu Yuanshi a side to appear wrong stage
Phenomenon: Stand by a side of stone of road predestined relationship to appear wrong stage, in controlling a process, grinding is to grind drum to did not stand by the brim normally, form wrong stage band.
Case study:
(1) grind pressure do not reach the designated position, in bitumen temperature before falling, did not undertake handling.
(2) roller driver operation is undeserved, the spot pledges personnel examination does not reach the designated position.
Avoid measure:
(1) do good worker quality to teach
(2) person specially assigned for a task undertakes checking be handlinged in time
6, road surface is transverse craze
Phenomenon: Road surface appears transverse break, interstitial distributinging concentration, occurrence area outline is apparent.
Case study:
(1) basic level appears rupture to already happened in basic level to accept stubble position.
(2) roadbed sinks cause basic level to rupture, cause break to reflex bitumen face, break presents patulous trend.
Avoid measure:
(1) the control that strengthens road backfill quality, control backfill ply strictly, prevent to give now to sink cause road surface whole to sink.
(2) two kinds of material have sex character place, because use different capable person to be caused character inhomogenous sedimentation, be versed in in earth of this place laid accordingly grille, prevent to reflex wear on break.
5, the quality common fault with bridge contain common project and measure of prevention and cure
5.1 either end of a bridge jump car
Place of either end of a bridge is roadbed and bridge is firm soft transfer, if construction quality control is lax, be open to traffic can produce either end of a bridge to jump namely before long the disease such as the car. Not close-grained and same meeting brings the contain back backfill of tectonic content phenomenon of take off car.
1, soft base either end of a bridge of a section of a highway jumps car
Form a reason:
(1) either end of a bridge transfers paragraph soft base processing is undeserved.
(2) open groovy construction to press time to slant beforehand instead short.
(3) fill after the stage build mass control is lax.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) those who use Tong to be in charge of picket to handle is soft base either end of a bridge paragraph, answer to control construction quality strictly, ensure picket length and deepness.
(2) stage back backfill should use the arenaceous sex land with good water penetration to wait, use small-sized machines and tools statified tamp, fill build a layer thick must not be more than 20cm.
2, either end of a bridge of general a section of a highway jumps car
Form a reason:
(1) material of stage back backfill is unqualified.
(2) squeezing ramming of stage back backfill is spent unqualified.
(3) stage back and roadbed combine a not sufficient squeezing ramming, existence empty is filled.
(4) personnel of manage of construction, inspect fills the value that builds mass to know inadequacy to stage back.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) big in bridge every has execution condition, must fill the back that build a station and awl slope together with roadbed, later again construction abutment builds bridge.
(2) bear backfill material strictly according to design requirement console, of the strict control compound that uses fly ash drifting voice or grey earth backfill deserve to compare, increase sampling observation frequency.
(3) grey earth must different ground mixes centrally after closing, spread out again shop, whole smooth, squeezing ramming, do not get on the spot to mix close. Backfill of back of grey earth stage should use machines and tools of small-sized squeezing ramming statified tamp, squeezing ramming is spent should be in 96% above. The biggest ply must not exceed 15cm.
(4) stage back backfill must chase a layer to detect squeezing ramming is spent.
(5) the stage carries fly ash drifting voice on the back backfill must strict according to what decide " construction work instructor " ask to carry out.
(6) should carry the district fill the loosen the soil that builds a part to dig except, the back that build a station is filled after forming step state.
(7) want responsibility to fulfil a person, establish label card, sign responsibility form, guard a pass strictly.
3, either end of a bridge is built board rupture
Form a reason:
(1) the off quality that takes board Tong.
(2) build board covering layer of net of reinforcing steel bar is insufficient.
(3) build board next blow mould bottom did not use the back cover such as mortar, form run oar phenomenon. Blow mould bottom did not use the back cover such as mortar, form run oar phenomenon. Blow mould bottom did not use the back cover such as mortar, form run oar phenomenon. Blow mould bottom did not use the back cover such as mortar, form run oar phenomenon.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) the quality that strict control takes board Tong.
(2) build board net of reinforcing steel bar should have frame establish muscle to wait, ensure no less than sinking.
(3) existence runs when oar problem, blow mould bottom must use the back cover such as mortar, ensure do not run oar.
5.2 reinforcing steel bar solder quality problem
1, phenomenon:
Reinforcing steel bar solders juncture is not full, solder the process injures reinforcing steel bar
2, case study:
Operation of labour of reinforcing steel bar is undeserved, solder quality level is low.
3, avoid measure:
To the solderer operation personnel certificate undertakes checking, make good quality put all one's card on the table at the same time.
Quality of exterior of structure of contain of 5.3 little bridges is poor
Prevention and cure asks basically:
(1) the bag outside allowing to use the whole of service name, concrete mixes close to be made with reinforcing steel bar must centralize production by construction unit, be in charge of its quality control and management directly, construction site must have director of spot of personnel of technology of construction unit interior and government.
(2) should use commonly new purchased steel pattern plate, use the sanction that inspect manage engineer deserveds when other pattern plate.
(3) the approval that the construction craft of structure of contain of every little bridge all should receive inspect manage engineer.
(4) be how to prevent leakage oar or tear open pattern plate, edge horn as far as possible shape of make it circular arc.
(5) forbidden undertake bedding face accumulates integral daub to decorate, need to undertake repairing really, repair area and repair the approval that just should receive inspect manage engineer, and before repairing, need to undertake taking a picture, the photograph before keep is decorated.
(6) by examine examination of criterion for evaluation, exterior quality deducts a mark to be more than 5 cent, colour and lustre apparently mixed and disorderly inhomogenous, existence is serious beehive hemp face (every 3 place, every place area is in 0.5 square metre and deepness is more than 5 centimeters) substandard watchs blemish, should undertake do poorly done work over again is handled.
Specific issue case study and measure of prevention and cure are versed in:
1, break of Tong construction component part, crackle forms a reason
(1) Tong coordinates laxer than control case, raw material quality controls lax standard.
(2) Tong brace up smash lax case, did not undertake receiving an oar according to the requirement.
(3) not with seasonable conserve.
(4) the foundation is inhomogenous sedimentation
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) strengthen control of raw material quality, strict concrete constitutes a design, should control agent of the mix into outside using particularly; The aggregate of main component part getting power should have mechanical bath, the aggregate after bath reachs his like that arenaceous want stock.
(2) increase frequency to examine to the specifications of cement, the cement that use invariability already expired.
(3) control concrete strictly mix close, it is OK to use automatic and metric and can chase data of dish of the grading that print mix close facility, control construction grading strictly by normative standard.
(4) irrigate build concrete program to must be approved through inspect manage engineer, irrigate personnel of manage of the inspect in building a course must by station.
(5) brace up pound craft to answer the program is changed, put an end to optional sex brace up pound, assure brace up pound even and close-grained.
(6) all concrete component is irrigated build, must receive oar technology strictly.
(7) form removal time should decide through the experiment, cannot premature or too late, the attention when form removal must not disturb strongly concrete component.
(8) must craft of strict preserve one's health, must not use plastic film to be enclothed directly or wrap up preserve one's health. The requirement uses water penetration material to enclothe or preserve one's health of wrap up aspersion, time of preserve one's health must be less than 7 days.
(9) do good foundation processing.
2, construction of structural substance appearance is seamed apparent
Form a reason:
Whole is irrigated build discontinuous, below one irrigates built concrete already caky irrigating build a concrete.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) should increase agitate ability and carriage ability, raise Tong to supply speed.
(2) improvement is irrigated build technology, in lower level concrete a concrete undertakes before coagulating first irrigate build.
3, face of concrete surface beehive, hemp
Form a reason:
(1) collect makings grading is poor.
(2) statified too thick, concrete is irrigated build hourglass brace up, owe brace up.
(3) pattern plate cleanness spends difference of poor, interleaving agent quality.
(4) oar of leakage of pattern plate juncture.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) norms of sieve of collect makings part of one's job, cent piles up, ensure good part expects grading.
(2) concrete irrigates 1.5 times what type inserts to shake its to get mobile span to should not exceed its action radius in building a course, the distance of its and side model should maintain 5-10cm, adopt statified irrigate when building concrete, superstratum brace up pound should insert 5-10cm of a concrete.
(3) exterior pulsator shift should be enclothed all the part with jolt ramming.
(4) control concrete is statified irrigate build ply, insert type and construction of adherent type oscillator to should not be to using exceed 30cm.
4, concrete surface is rough whole
Form a reason:
(1) pattern plate number of turn-rounds much, surface is rough whole.
(2) insufficient face causes pattern plate stiffness be out of shape.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) must use new without metabolic pattern plate.
(2) use flatness the pattern plate that good, stiffness accords with a requirement.
5, concrete surface pattern plate is seamed apparent
Form a reason:
(1) pattern plate stale is out of shape, spell gap of the generation after outfit.
(2) pattern plate stiffness is insufficient, juncture is out of shape.
(3) partial position interleaving agent did not besmear brush, cause sticking to mould.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) the cement that uses same lot number as far as possible.
(2) the conserve pall that avoids to use different interleaving agent or easy lose color.
6, the quality common fault with pluvial sewage common plumbing and measure of prevention and cure
(one) , the quality common fault that conduit opens groovy construction and prevention and cure
Put in main problem analysis: Base groovy edge slope is too steep, uninstall platform width inadequacy, edge slope overload, base immerses phenomenon; Safe hidden trouble is much.
Harm:
(1) edge slope gradient, uninstall platform and slope top overload and base to immerse to all endanger edge slope stability, have a collapse hidden trouble.
(2) base immerses can bring about a foundation to bear the weight of force is reduced, can cause the quality problem that roadbed caves in.
Precautionary measures:
(1) should undertake special program tell sb one's real intentions and safe quality tell sb one's real intentions work before construction, safe quality tell sb one's real intentions must hand in team and group to beg, have overall deploy and demand
(2) before construction works, undertake special quality education grooms, let a gleam of operate personnel to understand construction safety quality asks to reach a note
(3) the administrator in construction process wants monitoring of trends of the station other the spot, use measure a tool to examine executive case, width of gradient of the slope side discovery, platform does not accord with the problem such as the programme of construction and normative requirement processing of seasonable correct an error
(4) base well of catchment of the setting inside hole, barrel-drain, according to water quantity size configures equipment of corresponding pump water, uninterrupted undertake catchment works smoking, make sure base is dry and solid
(5) according to material of goods and materials preparative circumstance undertakes construction is arranged, avoid shutdown to wait for makings
(6) produce base to be immersed to want to clear loose dirt, adopt clastic rock to change fill measure to undertake handling.
(7) edge slope is forbidden overload, height piling earth is not more than 1.5m, brim of the slope that be apart from an edge is not less than 1m, should notice to observe edge slope condition in construction process, discovery is dangerous, withdraw instantly, the ability after safety resumes construction.
(8) safe safeguard must be installed perfect, caution indicates catchphrase is all ready.
More normative photograph:
Edge slope, platform is neater, catchment communicates free, safe caution flag is safeguarded
(2) , the quality common fault of conduit installation construction and prevention and cure
Put in main problem analysis:
Conduit leakage, the experiment that shut water is unqualified, the foundation is inhomogenous sink, catchment not free brings about a foundation to immerse, head of the tubal material and difference of quality of its interface construction, Duan Duan that shut water seals a construction of body of not close, well the reason such as quality difference all can produce slack phenomenon
Harm:
Conduit leakage can bring about tubal periphery to return filling prediction of a person's luck in a given year, cause roadbed to sink; Experiment of the function that shut water is unqualified can bring about cannot meet test smoothly.
1, tubal material is unqualified, repair a trace 2 times apparent, edge damage drops horn
Precautionary measures:
(1) tubal material reachs complementary material to enter the arena check and accept qualification, product certificate of approval, the quality such as report of second-round exam entering the arena proves the file is all ready;
(2) material of canal of Tong of reinforcing steel bar does not have break, local dew muscle, leakage brace up wait for quality problem, age accords with a requirement;
(3) notice to protect in construction project, prevent damaged of outside force collision;
(4) had made supervisory inspection, reject must not enter construction site, do not use devotedly.
2, bear intubate installation does not reach the designated position, balata sealing ring appears
Precautionary measures:
(1) Tong of reinforcing steel bar bear sealed balata encircles intubate to prevent damaged in installing a process, the installation tubal material of diameter of great quality bassoon should is in charge of bottom to place roll wood, cooperate to install artificially, or use grab front jog, make juncture close together without fail, join is reliable.
(2) the mortar that the aperture between conduit interface wants higher than be in charge of material Tong first-class level or concrete add small expander to handle, brace up pound close-grained, good conserve is done to prevent craze after finishing, after handling time appropriate to be finished in upside backfill, and obligate conduit brings to bear on sedimentation after load time, and work without large machinery or walk when disturbing, undertake handling, prevent outside force or sedimentation bring about seam mortar or concrete craze.
(3) rubber group appears is conduit bear do not insert a reason to cause, once discovery must undertake installing instantly corrective, control mounting error, balata is encircled should with bear upright tube wall sticks the mouth closely, ash of use triangle of outer side is sealed close-grained.
3, groundwater abounds measure of catchment of a sector of an area undeserved, the exercise that carry water brings about ripple to manage rise, edge slope is too steep, safe quality hidden danger is serious
Precautionary measures:
(1) groove excavate must ask according to the programme of construction of classics approval gradient excavate, the attention in the process controls an examination, configuration safety defends used baluster, caution indicates, flee for one's life the safe protective equipment such as ladder, do good precaution;
(2) disturb to prevent foundation, obligate 20-30cm artificial excavate;
(3) catchment measure must reach the designated position, groove does not get seeper, conduit foundation must not immerse, prohibit the operation that carry water, immerse the foundation must be adopted undertake clastic rock is changed fill wait for measure processing, make sure the foundation bears the weight of force accords with a requirement, check and accept construction of the ability after qualification via concealmenting;
(4) those who make sure ripple is in charge of backfill of the following place of 50cm tubal a tip is medium thick arenaceous wait for material quantity quality, must sign up for check and receive qualification via examining check.
4, tube head and build by laying bricks or stones of department of well room union are built undeserved, mortar is not full, interstitial and apparent; Backfill is premature, well room not fill core, bring about wall body to be out of shape displacement
Precautionary measures:
(1) juncture processing should certain first between conduit and examination well wool, besmear brushs interfacial agent, enhance what plasterer or build by laying bricks or stones build mortar to stick relay;
(2) examination well and block of pipe joint joint are arranged cannot connect seam, mortar is full and close-grained, wall of inside and outside undertakes exterior interface agent is handled before plasterer, prevent later period craze;
(3) the quality of the mortar of the cement of arenaceous stone aggregate that makes sure the spot is used and production and concrete accords with design requirement;
(4) the ability after conduit answers filling to achieve a design to ask in mortar and concrete data strength begins backfill, squeezing ramming machinery carries backfill on the head to be used to 50cm above ability in the canal;
(5) the experiment that shut water asks to undertake according to the standard, time is finished before conduit backfill, avoid later period to shut water the experiment is unqualified bring about do poorly done work over again.
5, pine of earth of conduit groove backfill spreads heavy panel, not statified tamp, content of backfill grey earth is insufficient, amount of clastic rock tubal side is insufficient
Precautionary measures:
(1) amount of conduit flank clastic rock must accord with a design to ask and apply for approval check and accept an examination, the ability after qualification enters construction leaving a stage
(2) lime of backfill grey earth shifts to an earlier date clear up reachs the designated position, grey earth must mix ahead of schedule close to be checked through checking and accept equably, fill build after finishing, must undertake squeezing ramming spends the sampling with grey dosage to detect
(3) artificial backfill ply must not exceed 20cm, ramming machine is layer upon layer tamp
(4) place is artificial under 50cm tubal a tip tamp, must not use the large machinery such as roller to grind pressure, prevent attaint to provide material.
(5) groundwater abounds a sector of an area to must make good drainage step, seeper is not gotten inside the groove before backfill.
(6) the quality of backfill earth accords with a requirement, must not tree root, rubbish waits sundry, water content accords with a requirement.
More normative photograph:
The line after conduit installation is finished suitable straight, amount of the clastic rock that fill up a layer accords with a requirement
(3) , the quality common fault that checks well and construction of engineering of well week backfill and prevention and cure
Put in main problem analysis:
Product of mortar, concrete is produced in the spot, base hole takes drain off water, build by laying bricks or stones builds mass, concrete construction quality, wipe grey quality, install quality, a lot of link such as backfill quality gets heart of level of factitious operation technology, responsibility, limitation of level of management, quality wave motion is bigger, appear easily repeatedly construction quality problem.
Harm:
Plumbing is take cover engineering, the construction quality that checks a well is controlling quality assess, very important, in complete the plumbing in checking and accept a process checks a well to examine for the person only, because this checks the construction quality of the well not beautiful judges actor to have very main effect with the project to passing complete to check and accept.
1, concentration produces spot of concrete, mortar non-standard, cooperate to compare, label of material certificate of approval is short of break, metric equipment does not reach the designated position, cement does not have moistureproof measure
Precautionary measures:
(1) construction site is produced temporarily reach raw material to pile up field should organize a design to plan to decorate according to construction, all sorts of material classification pile up orderly, configuration certificate of proof marks.
(2) agitate field must configure metric equipment and construction to cooperate to compare a card, match specialized worker, press a requirement to produce.
(3) cement spot piles up must build fortify canopy, have segregation moistureproof measure, expire reach degenerative cement to must discard as useless, forbidden use at construction production.
(4) in carry and using a process, should have defend the measure that involuntary discharge of urine is scattered and defends pollution, make sure exercise ground nods used quality.
2, the spot mixes temporarily close mix clay to mix on clay directly close, without metric equipment, without cooperate to compare a card
Precautionary measures:
(1) prohibit mixing artificially add up to concrete, must center agitate field by requirement standard setting, use mixer produces the mortar that spot place needs, concrete.
(2) carriage machinery should prevent involuntary discharge of urine to scatter in the process, carry must not place directly to destination go up in clay, must install segregation board.
(3) concrete must give out before coagulating first.
3, prefab cover board was not used finalize the design pattern plate, deviation of ply, dimension, place is wrong
Precautionary measures:
(1) field of prefab cover board must sclerotic, make sure flatness accords with a requirement.
(2) model of cover board edge and core are felt use finalize the design pattern plate is made make sure cover board shapes quality, appearance regulation, edges and corners is trenchant, the circle is suitable.
(3) concrete uses vibrating head brace up pound close-grained, without bleb, circumstance of beehive hemp face arises, the surface undertakes 2 times accepting a scale, make sure the surface is bright and clean level off, and conserve reachs the designated position, prevent interstitial generation.
(4) use the round steeliness that accords with a requirement to make rings, do not get use whorl steeliness to make, prevent hoisting fragile break produce safe accident.
(5) cover board installs an oar to reach the designated position, make sure with well room coping is stuck closely, a place of strategic importance is seamed all around close-grained, prevent slack.
4, check well foundation seeper of construction radical chamfer, take motherboard of water construction concrete and mat layer, sedimentation hidden danger is serious
Precautionary measures:
(1) severity prohibits this kind violates compasses exercise, construction of examination well foundation must make sure base is dry, bear the weight of force accords with a requirement, construction of the ability after checking and accept qualification via concealmenting fills up a layer, motherboard.
(2) strengthen management, assure to check monitoring to reach the designated position, discovery is violated compasses check immediately.
(3) smoke sewerage to must satisfy condition of subterranean ooze water, install catchment well, uninterrupted take a platoon.
5, the backfill before checking well irrigation core, well room is out of shape; Fill core freeboard; Installation climbing ladder is optional, transverse span and vertical stroke do not reach the designated position to control
Precautionary measures:
(1) backfill of examination well periphery must achieve design intensity in fill core Tong junior travel, according to 20cm statified, artificial and layer upon layer tamp.
(2) fill core height shoulds not be exceed 1m, and contented vibrating head is effective concrete of core of action limits fill brace up pound close-grained, insert muscle to reach the designated position.
(3) the dimension examination that installation climbing ladder asks strictly according to atlas, transverse tape measure is measured carefully, fore-and-aft plumb-line checks verticality, make sure installation is firm.
(4) steel climbs ladder to want to do anticorrosive processing.
6, craze of examination well plasterer, wall of a well is not perpendicular, out of round is suitable, contact position chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position is clear
Precautionary measures:
(1) appropriate of mortar of plasterer of wall of a well is used in arenaceous, cooperate to compare production according to the design, make sure mortar strength accords with a requirement, when the spot is used, should give out before coagulating first.
(2) authentic of wall of a well eliminates the appearance inattentive Tong, cleared float is grey, beforehand wet, do Mao Hua to handle, increase stick relay.
(3) should undertake metrical checking before plasterer, make grey cake control plasterer ply, make sure structural dimension accords with a design, plasterer appropriate is statified, unfavorable shape, do good conserve work in later period, prevent craze.
(4) plasterer person use adroitness, seasoned operate personnel by force with responsibility heart.
7, Tong well circle and craze of the periphery when the well builds aperture to bring about press press
Precautionary measures:
(1) when the well encircles concrete construction, want to control tall Cheng of concrete end face and flatness strictly, make sure the error accords with a requirement.
(2) an oar wants to handle when Jing Gaian is installed, mortar strength accords with a regulation, close-grained without aperture, fixed bolt is used expand bolt, amount is not gotten little at designing a regulation.
(3) assure to install direction of car of directional direct motion to shut, transverse gradient and road horizontal slope are consistent.
(4) traffic control is practiced before installation is finished, prevent car to grind press displacement.
8, body of rainwater mouth build by laying bricks or stones and girth slant
Precautionary measures:
(1) strengthen measure fixed position control and tell sb one's real intentions, had done in construction process measure check.
(2) structural dimension asks according to the design construction, build by laying bricks or stones builds the microscope in the process.
(3) the worker operation with arrangement responsibility strong, skilled heart.
Other note:
(1) plumbing construction should make good drainage step, machinery prevents to disturb in excavate process foundation, obligate 20cm controls artificial excavate, pump water should carry before well room construction is finished
(2) intensity of module entering the arena, model accords with design requirement, the quality that has qualification proves a file
(3) the raw material such as the cement of arenaceous stone aggregate of the spot is eligible, manufacturing mortar, concrete strength accords with design requirement, construction operation personnel is skilled, construction craft accords with a requirement
(4) the construction that fills up layer, foundation asks to measure is raised outside making sure ply is mixed according to design and atlas, prevent well room to bring about immediate step to build because of conduit installs deviation or be being adjusted go up in clay; Net of reinforcing steel bar piece should shift to an earlier date colligation shapes, when using, notice covering layer ply accords with a requirement, brace up pound close-grained
(5) build by laying bricks or stones builds a process to want to notice tube head and well room hand over those who handle block to cannot be connected especially seam, tong is used to fill inside hollow block solid, prevent leakage
(6) statified muscle and obligate of body of superstratum build by laying bricks or stones are inserted to build when build by laying bricks or stones is built receive length, the concrete when fill core wants brace up pound close-grained, assure integral sex
(7) prefab cover board and well room copula oar processing, wipe trigonometry ash, prevent slack
(8) when pit shaft build by laying bricks or stones is built, should measure again put a line, measure line of center of linear pit shaft, undertake adjustment allocation to the error, the deviation that assures linear well accords with a requirement.
(9) plasterer of wall of a well notices Mao Hua handles basic level, make grey cake, plumb-line, cover square, assure bedding face level off, horn of yin and yang is suitable straight, the preserve one's health after finishing is seasonable.
(10) examination well all around backfill filling accords with a design, use layer upon layer tamp of ramming machine 20cm artificially, with all around build accept chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position, according to project plan, roadbed should notice the tamp of pit shaft periphery especially in construction process, should prevent large and mechanical extruding to bring about pit shaft to be out of shape, craze.
(11) installation climbing ladder starts the position, span should accord with atlas requirement, the attention in the process assures to control two levels, perpendicular Xiang Shunzhi.
(12) level of group of examination well well should be measured alone, the crack when preventing the link that builds with the well is too large, stuff stuff strength is insufficient, road surface car is ground pressure bring about craze of layer of well periphery bitumen to sink.
More normative photograph:
Check colligation of well foundation reinforcing steel bar
Smooth circle arranges plasterer surface, launder line edges and corners is trenchant
(4) , the quality common fault of conduit backfill construction and prevention and cure
Backfill earth sedimentations case study:
Filling does not accord with a design to ask, the pine spreads heavy panel, choice of squeezing ramming machines and tools is undeserved, control of filling water content is bad to wait for a reason. Harm: Answering filling to sedimentation is a periodic and longer process, often proper after investment is used time happens, can cause to roadbed structure play havoc with, processing of do poorly done work over again can cause bigger pecuniary loss, to the enterprise figure also can cause adverse effect.
1, water pipeline filling contains rubbish sundry, did not set beforehand build accept chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position, not statified tamp; Amount of clastic rock tubal side is insufficient; Inadequacy of grey earth content.
Precautionary measures:
(1) building rubbish must not be contained to wait in filling of water pipeline backfill sundry, filling is unqualified forbidden use at backfill.
(2) lime clear up reachs the designated position, filling before building, mix close even, through checking and accept an examination.
(3) strict control is statified backfill ply, artificial and layer upon layer tamp, monitoring stands by administrator.
(4) with the examination well place setting is built accept chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position, assure cent second fill built integral sex.
(5) after conduit installs an end, amount of backfill of clastic rock of place tubal side must sign up for check to check and accept according to program of take cover engineering, the ability after qualification undertakes grey earth backfill.
2, material of backfill of canal of sewage conduit PE is unqualified, the design is in thick arenaceous, spot element earth is filled build; Base hole seeper, base is immersed
Precautionary measures:
(1) place filling must accord with a design to ask under 50cm of PE canal top, otherwise must processing of do poorly done work over again.
(2) smoke sewerage must guarantee against is discontinuous pump water, forbidden immerse base, must adopt measure to make sure base bears the weight of otherwise force accords with a requirement.
(3) assure statified backfill ply, use ramming machine tamp artificially and close through examining check.
(4) strengthen spot government monitoring.
(5) safety is safeguarded reach the designated position, admonitory sign is all ready, make sure gradient of groove edge slope accords with special program requirement.
Other measure:
(1) use commonly under 50cm of top of PE canal canal natural and close-grained in rough arenaceous stuff is filled build, must not use the material backfill that does not accord with design requirement, conduit is flexible material, want to notice to protect in backfill process, prevent conduit damaged.
(2) bear place is artificial under intubate assist horn tamp is difficult, must make sure according to the design material is filled build, assure the amount of filling and quality, if design of the following place of 50cm tubal a tip is grey earth, want to make sure mix into ash is measured, packing of artificial and layer upon layer tamper is solid, undertake squeezing ramming spend to tamp effect detect, the ability after according with a design to ask is filled build on one.
(3) the root of silty, tree in filling, sod and its corrupt plant affect squeezing ramming result already, can be in earth drying shrinkage, decay forms hole, these material all cannot as filling, lest cause settlement.
(4) control filling water content is more than optimal water content 2% the left and right sides; The construction after receiving groundwater or rain must discharge dry water first again statified along with fill along with pressure close-grained; Stop the backfill that carry water or construction of water pound law.
(5) should use mechanical squeezing ramming what be in charge of a 50cm above place to use squeezing ramming machine conditionally to work as far as possible, the pine spreads ply, the water content of filling controls close monitoring, discovery has rut, weak position to want retexture, the ability after qualification is filled build superstratum.
(6) groove is filled well termination should be being checked to press 20cm in building a course every obligate is built accept chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position, suitable obligate step is filled after well of later period examination is finishing build, increase fill built integral sex, prevent inhomogenous sedimentation. More normative photograph: Photograph adjacent place is built it is better to accept chance to extricateoneself from an awkward position, conduit end ministry appears clastic rock ply accords with a requirement.
7, the quality common fault with afforest common project and measure of prevention and cure
1, phenomenon: Trade tree is cultivated do not go up point-blank in.
Form a reason:
(1) in cultivating a process, did not adjust.
(2) did not undertake be proppinged up effectively.
Measure of prevention and cure:
Adjust a line in time in cultivating a process model, use wooden bracket to undertake propping up, ensure tree is perpendicular.
8, the quality common fault with mark graticule common project and measure of prevention and cure
1, phenomenon: Graticule termination is not neat, underline did not reach the designated position.
Form a reason:
(1) delimit linear velocity passes fast.
(2) stand by structural content brim to did not adopt fender.
(3) worker responsibility person is not strong.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) stand by the brim to adopt paster, graticule draws junior travel to handle.
(2) reduce underline speed, ensure hot fusibility material can permeate bitumen facing.
2, phenomenon: Graticule surface is rough whole.
Form a reason:
(1) basic level was not swept clean.
(2) delimit linear velocity passes fast.
Measure of prevention and cure:
(1) should clear before underline clean surface, contaminative road surface needs to clean processing.
(2) reduce underline speed, ensure hot fusibility material can permeate bitumen facing
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