After we had established a small-sized network, to make network movement normal, safeguard good network to appear very important, after if where,encountering trouble, remove trouble. How to eliminate?
As a result of the complexity of network agreement and network equipment, a lot of breakdown are solved rise to be dead set on to consider engine trouble so simple like solution by no means, need to unplug simply only insert and board card displacement can be done calm. The fixed position of network breakdown and eliminate, need long-term knowledge and experience to accumulate already, to the understanding of network agreement, also need a series of software and hardware tool, need your wisdom more.
What for instance local area network of some unit unit uses is technology of thousand aether net, network main force uses 1000Mbps rate to undertake transmission, offer 10/100Mbps bandwidth to arrive at the same time desktop, what the local area network uses is data sex of flow direction administrative levels is good and easily simple structure of the star of network management develop. Network management center places some model to act as a guide by advocate switching equipment, each floor uses 100M switching equipment. The 450T switching equipment between floor uses backboard pile to form an organic whole, consolidate management by this switching equipment, integrated wiring goes to use UTP-5 double skeining thread each room.
To prevent broadcast storm is mixed facilitating management, differentiated by each business section again in the local area network a certain number of VLAN (fictitious child net) , oneself have independent net paragraph. So arrange a platoon to check train of thought for everybody:
One, the platoon of breakdown of local area network checks train of thought
1, cannot go up to the computer of net of some stage couplet net, want to decide the net of this computer blocks installation to be denied correctly respectively above all, whether to put in hardware breakdown, network configuration is proper.
We use this Ping machine commonly time send an address (127.0.0.1) the validity that will judge a net to block hardware installation and TCP/IP agreement. If can Ping is connected, explain this part does not have a problem namely. If appear overtime circumstance, the other equipment existence that the net that should check the computer blocks to whether go up with the machine suspends the issue of conflict. Through examining systematic attribute medium equipment manages implement, there is maize exclamation mark in front of the equipment of network adapter date of gules perhaps fork, if the driver that shows hardware namely did not install a success, after can be being deleted, reinstall. Want the validity that ensures TCP/IP agreement is installed additionally, on the net check that and should be bound installs in you surely. If reinstall hind still be Ping is illogical time send an address, had better change a normal net card to try.
Because be in,VLAN differentiated in the local area network, have even the computer in different VLAN the IP address that differs severally so, child code of net attack by surprise and gateway. The IP letterhead data of the set in wanting the network property in the machine and connective VLAN photograph match, the circumstance that is illogical occurrence network otherwise. Web still was offerred to serve in the local area network additionally, used a domain name to serve a system, such is about that decide the validity that computer DNS configures. Once had appeared can the IP address that Ping knows Web server, but the problem that cannot browse a webpage, DNS setting mistake is caused, actually domain name can know Ping to whether exist wrong.
2, after should ensuring the hardware equipment of the computer and network configuration are proper, be about to examine the double skeining thread between the computer and switching equipment then, whether does the configuration of the RJ-45 port of switching equipment or switching equipment have a problem.
Right now we want Ping online computer to be in the gateway of VLAN, if be illogical, be about what say above section examination each. The simplest is examination double skeining thread, using wire cable instrument to look is double skeining thread disconnected. In detecting actually, the author still has discovered such problem, as a result of every room cloth two lines, but used a port only, cannot go up when the user when the net, with respect to oneself jump the line is inserted to port of another face plate to try, also did not change. Was being checked a long time finally is to jump the line did not insert pair of port, so more to the user local area network, of online port of wiring graph and user contrast the watch is indispensable.
Double skeining thread does not have a problem, the port that is about to see switching equipment is bad. Each port has switching equipment condition indicator light, the port directive of different switching equipment is different also, with 450T for, green is 100M join, orange yellow is 10M join, twinkle to use software to ban for the administrator used this port, do not shine to join to do not have (included this port to was not used, connective double skeining thread disconnects, connective computer did not switch on the mobile phone, connective net card damages or port damages) .
Detect come here, if port indicator light is not bright, can be port attaint only. Can jump the line is received other account excludes on the port that uses normally, it is the problem of port certainly. Still have the configuration problem of switching equipment additionally, only a few few people have revised limits of authority to the configuration of switching equipment, enquire other net was in charge of personnel to be able to eliminate so, if not be at ease,can contrast examine, of course the parameter configuration watch of switching equipment also is one of data with network necessary manager, and be revised as what the metabolic otherwise of network user breaks.
2, the network is safeguarded in the problem that should note mainly
1, of double skeining thread make: The main jumper that thousand aether net uses cable is double skeining thread, the breakdown in above of the half in the network is contact by double skeining thread undesirable, disconnect or line foreword does not accord with a standard to cause. The standard component that double skeining thread uses is EIA/TIA-568B (line foreword is: Orange is white, orange, green white, blue, la Bai, green, palm is white, palm) with EIA/TIA-568A (line foreword is: Green white, green, orange is white, blue, la Bai, orange, palm is white, palm) , from line foreword we can see, assured 1, 2 with 3, two pairs 6 are same group line, and twinning, can string together faze in order to prevent so, be transmitted in 100M rate especially and when the distance is close to 100 meters, the attenuation that can reduce data signal and prevent to lose a bag. Common saying says " labour desire be apt to its thing, need first benefit its implement " , good tool also can have the effect of get twice the result with half the effort, wire cable instrument and clamp of AMP line ball are the mainest tool that make a line.
2, the network attribute configuration of the computer: The configuration of TCP/IP agreement is wrong, also can cause a network to cannot connect. The IP address that what basically check is the computer, child the setting of code of net attack by surprise, gateway and DNS server wants correct, and should match. Cannot appear use this network paragraph IP address, and this kind of circumstance that gateway is another empty net however, differentiating especially is to should notice this is nodded more in the local area network of VLAN. Additional sometimes the user can call out: "Why my computer cannot find the function that share " , the computer that actually this is him is reached in the file of the network print there is pitch on in sharing " the document that allows other user to visit me " option.
3, network documentation data: Network documentation data includes the design plan of the network, network wiring pursues, layout wearing contrasts watch, user online port is expressed, switching equipment port configures a watch to wait. They
Can reduce needless trouble and disorder, someone else also is consulting the circumstance of these data falls, eliminate a few breakdown and increase online user, and not was necessary to give you from off ground drag.
"Good memory is inferior to rotting ability to write " , in facing machine ark when you about a hundred jump line and reason is not clear main threads of an affair when, can realize the value of the data. Of course, network user changes, after the configuration of switching equipment is changed, also want seasonable modification and update these data, became one caboodle decoration otherwise.
4, the electric environment of the computer room: Before computer room ground wire is to unite those who receive building ground wire to go up, actually this kind receives a law to also have limitation, between machine and machine existence voltage is differred, this meeting is damaged by be struck by lightning equipment or cause wide area newwork and lose with what data transmits between machine of coaxial cable connective, communication stand or fall. Basically use annular method to the join of computer room ground wire at present, close the ground wire join of all equipment in the computer room into annulus, on the ground wire that reachs a building repeatedly again, in the plane that such machines are in to wait for electromotive force. When the network malfunctions, what the net provides the easiest oversight is power source breakdown, everybody often thinks to want to do not have report only, power source is no problem, actually this kind of idea is incorrect. If encounter indescribable trouble when, had better check power source first.
2, the platoon of breakdown of local area network examines a process
Beginning to start work before removing trouble, had better prepare a pen and a notebook first, next, breakdown phenomenon serious and careful record comes down. Observing and detail notices certainly when the record, remove large network trouble such, general the small-sized breakdown of ten computers is such also, because be a few the least detail sometimes,make whole issue becomes obvious change.
1, identify breakdown phenomenon
As the administrator, before you discharge breakdown, also must know exactly what to trouble gives after all on the network, it is to cannot share resource, still cannot discover another computer, wait a moment so.
Know to spoke what problem and can identify in time, it is the step with remove trouble successfully the most important.
When identifying breakdown phenomenon, should ask the following questions to handlers:
(1) when the breakdown phenomenon that should be recorded happens, running what course (namely handlers is undertaking to the computer what is operated) .
(2) had moved before this process?
(3) previously of this process whether to move to succeed?
(4) is this process last time moves successfully when?
(5) what did thenceforth remove to produce a change?
Taking these doubt to understand a problem, ability suit the remedy to the case will remove trouble.
2, detailed to breakdown phenomenon description
When the problem that reports by operator when processing, appear to the detailed description of breakdown phenomenon particularly important. If only the statement of only one of the parties by them, make conclusions very hard still sometimes, undertake operating the program that a moment ago made mistake personally to the computer with respect to need net canal at this moment, notice to make mistake information. For example, when use Web is browsed, no matter key in which website,return " this page cannot show " the information of and so on. When use Ping commands, no matter address of Ping which IP shows overtime join information,wait. Of such make mistake the message can provide a lot of valuable information for narrow issue limits. Before removing trouble to this, can carry out by the following measure:
(1) the information that gathers concerned breakdown phenomenon;
(2) have detailed description to problem and breakdown phenomenon;
(3) notice detail;
(4) write down all problems;
(5) do not make conclusions hastily.
3, the reason that lists a likelihood to cause an error
Regard a network as the administrator, ought to consider, bring about the reason that cannot examine information what to may have, if the net blocks equipment of hardware breakdown, network join breakdown, network (HUB) setting of agreement of IP of ／ of breakdown, TCP is undeserved, etc. What the attention needs here is: You are not anxious make conclusions, can have these reasons by first grade according to the possibility that make mistake sort, each eliminates early or late.
4, contractible search limits
The reason one by one that causes an error to all and listed likelihood has a test, and do not check according to, it is normal to conclude the network of some area is to move or it is abnormal. Additional, also do not think to stop on the first mistake that had decided in oneself, should be over till the test till.
Besides the test, network manager notices even: Must not forget go having a look at net card, HUB, Modem, road by implement the LED indicator light on face plate. Normally the circumstance falls, green light states join is normal (Modem needs a few green light and red light to want to shine) , red light represents join breakdown, not bright express to be illogical without join or circuitry, long bright express broadcast storm, indicator light has regular ground to twinkle just is the sign that the network runs normally. The still should record all observation and test medium that does not forget at the same time and result.
5, segregation is wrong
After turning over do sth over and over again through yours, at this moment the place that you basically knew trouble, to the mistake of the computer, you can begin to check this computer whether has been net card installed, the join setting that whether is agreement of TCP ／ IP installed and installs browser of correct, Web is proper the content that waits for everything and foregone breakdown phenomenon to concern. Watchful is. When opening box, do not forget electrostatic the harm to computer chip, and disassemble correctly computer component.
6, breakdown analysis
After handling an issue, regard a network as the administrator, still must make clear how Hunan breakdown happens, it is the happening that what reason caused trouble, how to avoid the happening of similar breakdown later, the countermeasure with corresponding protocol, take necessary step, make rigid regulations system.
3, breakdown reason
Although breakdown reason is varied, but will always tell nothing more than it is hardware issue and software issue, say again a few more exactly, these problems are issue of agreement of issue of option of file of problem of network join sex, configuration and network.
1, network join sex
The network joins the gender is the matter that ought to consider above all after breakdown happening. Involve even epicene issue the network normally card, jump the equipment such as electrical outlet of line, information, reticle, HUB, Modem and communication medium.
Among them, the attaint of any equipment, can bring about network connective interrupt. Connect the gender can use software and hardware tool to undertake checking test and verify normally. For example, when some station computer cannot browse Web, the first opinion that produces in the brain of network manager is a network link epicene problem. Be after all? Can undertake test and verify through the test. Look get the neighbour on the net? Can you send and receive email? Does Ping get the other computer inside the network? As long as among them an answer is " Yes " , that can conclude this machine arrives of HUB connect the gender does not have a problem. Offerring again " the fax pursues " afore-mentioned operations duplicate on that computer that go up, should have an answer only " Yes " , be sure this machine arrives " data source " connect the gender does not have a problem.
Of course, although reply " No " , also do not make clear have even epicene affirmation the problem, may have a problem however, because if the configuration of the network agreement of the computer appeared,the problem also can bring about the happening of afore-mentioned phenomena. Additional, having a look at the indicator light on net card and HUB interface to whether twinkle also is a not bad idea normally.
Of course, if because computer network agreement is configured,eliminated after undeserved and those who cause trouble is likely, the business that should do next is complex. The indicator light that examines net card and HUB is normal, measure reticle expedite.
2, configuration file and option
Server, computer has configuration option, configuration file and configuration option setting are undeserved, same meeting causes network trouble. If the setting of server attributive is undeserved, can cause the trouble that resource cannot share. Configuration of computer network card is undeserved, can bring about cannot connective breakdown. Cannot come true when all services inside the network when, ought to check HUB.
3, network agreement
Without network agreement, the network inside the network cannot correspond between equipment and computer, all hardware just are the stand-alone that each does things in his own way, cannot realize resource to share Modem to get online, lost the value of the local area network thereby.
4, the local area network diagnoses a tool
1, software tool Ping
Ping is the most frequent small tool in the network undoubtedly, it basically uses at deciding a network link epicene problem. Ping program uses ICMP (net inside information dominates a deliberation) the agreement will send a network simply to data is wrapped and request respondent, the purpose leader that receives a request uses ICMP to send same data again, send and receive time what then Ping can wrap to every to have a report, report the percentage that includes without the influence, this joins whether correctly in affirmatory network, and network connective state (include missing rate) very useful. Ping is Windows operating system compositive TCP ／ IP uses one of programs, can be in " begin - move " in carry out directly.
(1) order form:
Ping leader name
Ping IP address
(2) Ping jussive application
Computer of Ping this locality renown (the computer that executes an operation namely)
Be like Ping Ybgzpt
Or address of IP of Ping this locality
Like Ping127.0.0.1 (an any computers are met will the 27.0.0.1 IP addresses that regard oneself as)
Can check this computer to whether install net check; Installed agreement of TCP ／ IP whether correctly; Configured IP correctly address and child code of net attack by surprise or leader name.
(3) the common error that after use Ping commands, appears
Make mistake normally cent is information 4 kinds:
① Unknown Host
Unknown Host (not noted leader) , this kind makes mistake the means of information, this name of long-range main engine cannot be named a server to be changed into IP address. Breakdown reason may be to name a server to have trouble, or its name is incorrect, or the communication circuitry breakdown between the system of network manager and long-range main engine. The screen below this kind of circumstance will hint:
C:wIndows>ping Www.163.net
Unknown Host Www.163.net
C:wIndows>
② Network Nurea Chable
Network Nureachable (the network cannot arrive) , this is the road that this locality system did not reach long-range system by, can examine a way by implement configuration, if do not have a road by, can add.
③ No Answer
No Answer (without answer) , long-range system was not answered. The way that this kind of breakdown shows to this locality system has leader of a center by, but do not accept it to send this center lead plane however any in group message. Breakdown reason may be following one of: Central lead plane did not work; This locality or configuration of network of central lead plane are incorrect; The road of this locality or center by implement did not work; Communication circuitry has trouble; Road of existence of central lead plane by option issue.
④ Time Out
Time Out (overtime) , the join of stage station and center is overtime, data package is total. Breakdown reason may be to the road by implement join problem or road by implement cannot pass, also may be central lead plane has passed machine or dead opportunity. Right now, screen clew:
C:wIndows>ping 10.11.1.1
Ping 10.11.1.1with 32 Bytes Of Data:
Request Timed Out.
Request Timed Out
Request Timed Out
Request Timed Out
Ping Statistics For 10.11.1.1:
Packets: Sent=4, received=0, lost=4(100% Lost) ,
Approximate Round Trip In Milli-seconds:
Minimum=0ms, maximum=0ms, average=0ms
C:wIndows
2, instrument of hardware tool network
Can use what this instrument checks reticle to be connected. General stage station does not have this kind of equipment, but use rise very simple, insert the two end of reticle to instrument respectively, open the power source of instrument, have 8 lights among them, if shine this reticle connect. If do not have what reticle of the 3 tests that use a list uses in network test to be connected, just need two people to express a test with two.
5, network breakdown example
1, join epicene stoppage
(1) the performance that links epicene breakdown
Normally expression is even epicene breakdown the following kinds of circumstances:
① computer cannot log onto a server;
② computer cannot receive Internet through the local area network;
③ computer can see him only in the neighbour on the net, and cannot see other computer, cannot use other computer to go up thereby share resource and share printer;
④ computer cannot visit the resource on other computer in the implementation inside the network;
The partial computer traversal speed in ⑤ network is very slow.
(2) the account that links epicene breakdown
The following reason may bring about even epicene breakdown:
① net card was not installed, or did not install correct, or have conflict with other equipment;
② net blocks hardware breakdown;
③ network agreement was not installed, or the setting is incorrect;
④ reticle, jump line or information electrical outlet breakdown;
⑤ HUB power source was not opened, HUB hardware breakdown, or breakdown of HUB port hardware;
Breakdown of ⑥ UPS power source.
(3) of epicene breakdown eliminate a method
① affirms even epicene breakdown
Should appear when breakdown of a kind of network application, if cannot receive Internet, try to use other network to apply above all, if search the other computer in the network, or the Web in use local area network is browsed etc. If other network application can be used normally, although cannot receive Internet,be like, can discover other computer in the neighbour on the net however, may Ping arrives other computer, can eliminate to link epicene breakdown account so. If other network application all cannot come true, continue below operation.
② LED lamp judges the breakdown that the net blocks
The indicator light that examines net card above all is normal. Below normal circumstance, when not deferent data, net card indicator light twinkles slower, when deferent data, twinkle faster. No matter be not bright, long still bright eternal, make clear breakdown exists. If the indicator light of net card is abnormal, need to put out the computer to change the net gets stuck. To the indicator light of HUB, always insert the port that has reticle, indicator light is bright. Because be HUB, so, the action of indicator light can indicate this port join to have terminal unit only, cannot show communication state.
③ Ping command eliminates a net to block breakdown
The IP address of this locality of Ping of use Ping command (be like 127.0.0.1) or computer name (like Ybgzpt) , whether are examination net card and IP network agreement installed in good condition. If can Ping is connected, the net clip that shows this computer and network agreement setting do not have a problem. The problem goes to go up in the join of the computer and network. Accordingly, ought to check the interface status of reticle and HUB and HUB, if cannot Ping is connected, can explain agreement of TCP ／ IP has a problem only. Can be in at this moment of the computer " Control Panel " " system " in, examine a net to whether card has been installed or make mistake.
If be in the hardware list in the system,did not discover network adapter, or network adapter ahead has a yellow " ! " , demonstrative net card was not installed correct, require will sealed equipment or contain yellow " ! " network adapter is deleted, after refresh, reinstall net card. Block correct installation and configuration network agreement for this net, undertake applied a test next. If net card cannot be installed correctly, explain net card may damage, must change a net to get stuck to try again. If net card installation is correct criterion the reason is the agreement was not installed.
If ④ decides the net gets stuck and the condition with true agreement falls, or the network is illogical, but preliminary the problem that concluding is HUB and double skeining thread. To undertake affirming further, can change a computer to undertake judging with same method again. If other computer is as normal as this machine join, criterion on the interface that breakdown is that foregoing computers and HUB certainly.
If ⑤ decides HUB has trouble, the indicator light that should check HUB above all is normal, if previous light of interface of that computer HUB is not bright the interface that shows this HUB has trouble (the indicator light of HUB makes clear insert the port that has reticle, indicator light is bright, indicator light cannot show communication state) .
⑥ if whether is HUB checked without the problem previous the network that breakdown of a paragraph of that to HUB double skeining thread and place install that computer gets stuck. Whether does judgement double skeining thread have a problem to be able to be passed " instrument of double skeining thread " or use two 3 have two respectively with the watch the individual checks in the two end of double skeining thread. Basically check double skeining thread 1, 2 and 3, 4 6 lines (among them 1, 2 lines are used at sending, 3, 6 lines are used at receiving) . If discovery has one,the root is illogical be about to be made afresh.
Compress through the breakdown above, we can judge breakdown to go out to go up in net card, double skeining thread or HUB.
2, consultative breakdown
(1) the expression of consultative breakdown
Normally expression is consultative breakdown the following kinds of circumstances:
① computer cannot log onto a server;
② computer is in " the neighbour on the net " in cannot see oneself namely, also cannot see other computer, perhaps cannot discover other computer;
③ computer is in " the neighbour on the net " in can see oneself and other member, but the resource that cannot visit other computer to go up (if copy) ;
④ computer is in " the neighbour on the net " in cannot see oneself already, also cannot visit the resource on other computer in the network.
⑤ computer cannot receive Intetnet through the local area network
⑥ reduplicative computer renown.
(2) the account that produces breakdown
① agreement was not installed. Implementation local area network corresponds, need to install NetBEUI agreement.
② agreement configuration is incorrect. The parameter that agreement of TCP ／ IP involves has 4, include IP address, child code of net attack by surprise, DNS (the domain name is analytic service) gateway, any installs a mistake, can bring about breakdown happen.
There is in ③ network or the computer of two above weighs a name.
(3) of consultative breakdown eliminate step
When phenomenon of breakdown of agreement of computer occurrence above, ought to have the fixed position of breakdown according to the following measure:
① checks the computer to install TCP ／ IP and NetBEUL agreement, if do not have, the proposal installs these two agreements, had configured parameter of TCP ／ IP, start the computer afresh next.
② uses Ping order, check the connection case with other computer;
③ is in " Control Panel " " network " in attribute, click " file and print share " pushbutton, playing go out " file and print share " the check in the dialog box is looked up, look whether pitch on " the document that allows other user to visit me " and " the printer that allows other computer to use me " answer choose casing, or a among them. If do not have, all pitch on or pitch on. Will not share folder otherwise;
After ④ system is started afresh, doubleclick " the neighbour on the net " , the other computer that will show the network is medium and share resource. If still cannot see other computer, can use " search " command, can discover other computer, with respect to all OK;
⑤ is in " network " of attribute " label " in name for this computer afresh, make its have uniqueness in the network.
3, configuration breakdown
Configuring a mistake also is one of main reasons that bring about breakdown happening. Network manager is right server, road by implement the undeserved setting that wait can cause network trouble naturally, the use person of the computer (especially the abecedarian that those having only vague idea) the modification that installs to the computer, the visit that often also can produce a few your people to want to be less than is wrong.
(1) configuration breakdown expression and analysis
Configuration breakdown more moment are a watch on all sorts of services that cannot realize network place to offer now, if cannot visit some station computer,wait. Accordingly, before modification configuration, must have made original record, had better undertake backup.
Normally expression is configuration breakdown the following kinds:
The computer can with certain computer is not whole computer has communication;
The computer cannot visit any other equipment.
(2) measure of configuration breakdown erratum:
Check above all malfunction the relevant configuration of the computer. If discover an error, after revising, check corresponding network to serve again whether implementation. If did not discover an error, or corresponding network service cannot come true, implement undermentioned measure.
Whether does the other computer inside test system have similar trouble, if have same trouble, explain the problem goes to go up in network equipment, be like HUB. Conversely, the examination is visited to this by visit computer the service that computer place provides.
Although the breakdown of the computer is varied, but be not random law but abide. As academic knowledge and experience technology accumulate, trouble removal will become faster and faster, simpler and simpler. Strict network manages, it is the important step that reduces network breakdown; Perfect technical archives, it is the important reference that removes trouble; Effective test and surveillant tool (software of management of network of duckweed elephantine the United States, revise register a watch, optimize software to wait) , it is the powerful assistant that removes trouble.
