This entirely reads aloud time to had imprinted in be being engraved in everybody cerebra, it is inherent existence it seems that, it is recording everything of the world. But measure is overcome to go up in Pu Lang, this concept encountered time however the crisis. Physicist hopes to find a kind of clock that applies to quanta gravitation domain, if wish,fail from beginning to end however. Whether is this meant, on the smallest measure, time no point?
Poets constant river of time assimilate to, one is carrying us by the brook that is born to the free flow that often goes. Physicist people think time is having more specific meaning. They measure change with time, many more boundless the instant resembles vitreous bead be being strung together together in that way, sealed in the future, connect with foregone past from beginning to end now.
The time paradox in physics
Time is a kind of tool. Time is at present OK by " cut " to 1/1316134912 second short in that way. But by " cut " what is after all? Unlike quality and distance, we cannot specific perception arrives time. We are invisible, do not listen, hear do not wear, do not feel also do not taste give time; But we can measure it with some kind of means unexpectedly. After Einstein puts forward broad sense the theory of relativity, a lot of physicist try to be extended ceaselessly with fine this are academic. But the biggest challenge that encounters in this process, it is time.
"The crisis appeared, " California university river bank the mathematician John Baez of cent school says, "Once the crisis is able to solve, physics will move toward a new way. " what here says is not the physics in daily life. In the environment of low energy world that living in us, stopwatch, pendulum clock, still hydrogenous atom bell will continue the contrail that record of choice accurate land elapses naturally. But when physicist people when wanting will macroscopical universe and subatomic microcosmos to incorporate together, the crisis appeared.
In Newton in classical law, time is special. Independent at studying a target besides " cosmic clock " recording each moment. And in broad sense the theory of relativity, this one hypothesis holds water no longer. Einstein thinks time is not absolutely -- namely nonexistent such together " cosmic clock " , the equation that uses him explained the effect that gravitation amid has. His gravitation law points out, why to no matter use,plant clock is measured, gotten result will same.
Nevertheless, in the other sphere of physics, be in especially quanta is mechanical in, the choice of clock is very crucial still. In the fluctuant equation that Xue Dinge put forward 1926, it acted important role. This equation was revealed how be subatomic atomic analogy a bundle of wave, no matter this particle is,move alone or circling atom to rotate. Bunch of a wave is OK arrive another a little bit from a bit motion on the space, transfer from an instant on time at the same time another instant.
From quanta mechanical angle looks, the part that energy and material can be broken up to be disperse -- namely quanta, its motion is bouncing and ambiguous, lie in acuteness wave motion. The orbit of unlike rocket, the behavior of these particle cannot accurate computation. Use Xue Ding Ebo to alter equation, can get some particle merely, perhaps say some wave bunch arrives at the possibility of an exact position and speed. This and the world that classical physics depicts are disparate, so that Einstein blames this kind of uncertainty. He is broken incredibly sacred meeting and world play dice.
You perhaps can say quanta is mechanical introduced a kind for physics muddleheaded: When the position that is informed something accurately, accordingly, measures speed will be not accurate; Conversely, in speed accurate and knowable circumstance leaves the position is ambiguous. Heisenberg summed up this kind of distinctive appearance well, namely famous " uncertainty principle " . But all these do not decide behavior happens in to decide " arena " go up, namely space and time all decide. Need to have a reliable clock from beginning to end in fact, will so that,record everything what happen physicist people the mechanism that describes systematic change. At least this is the pattern that at present mechanical equation establishs quanta.
This also is the crux of the problem of the problem. How should physicist incorporate gravitation law rise? How be namely quanta is mechanical in the subatomic regulation of the definition, need not specific clock premise, also can well frame of time of be identical Newton?
Produce clock of a quanta
In the United States still broad sense relativist Professor Karel Kucha of his university looks, the key that measures quanta time is design of tool of maths of have the aid of a kind of appropriate clock -- this also is the thing that he is trying a few years all the time. He tries to search the Newtonian bell of a kind of subatomic version all the time, perhaps saying is quanta clock, it can use the physical appearance below the special measure that the description affects by quanta gravitation, for instance black hole interior is mixed strange place.
The clock unlike that Kucha assumes lives daily medium clock in that way, aloof " hide " do not suffer in the corner all round the influence of the thing; Will serve as indispensable part however, be produced by park quanta gravitation in the tiny, concentrated system of action. This one inside buy variable has its limitation: This clock can follow systematic change and change -- so for clock, must solve these coupling problems. Go up somehow say, this is just like when you want to see time every time, ravel first wrist is expressed and check its job status.
About this kind of special clock, what think of the most easily is simple " corporeal bell " . Kucha points out, "This is the clock that we are using all the time from of old of course. Now all clock are comprised by material all round us. " investigate its are essential, traditional clock chooses a particle or agency of material of a kind of liquid namely, record its to change again. Do not cross pen of paper of Kucha have the aid of, introduce quanta gravitation domain from bell of mathematical admiral material, the gravitation field there is extremely strong, the quanta of probability sex is mechanical at the same time effect begins to appear.
The tradition uses clock " corporeal bell " . Graph: Pixabay
Nevertheless Kucha expresses, when you take a risk to enter this field, "Material can become denser and denser " . It is environment of this kind of extreme falls, any likelihoods use the heel of Achilles of the material that makes corporeal bell; These material are met finally by pulverize. This are likely from apparent at the beginning, but Kucha need is accurate the mechanism that is informed corporeal bell to be destroyed, so that understand this one process better,design new mathematical tool to construct the clock of his hypothesis.
More hopeful uses as the geometry that of quanta clock is dimensional oneself is characteristic: When infantile universe expands or the black hole is formed, monitor spatio-temporal curvature change. Although also can be explored in the extreme environment in quanta gravitation generation,Kucha guesses this one character. The universe in expanding was offerred for this one mechanism the simplest paradigmatic. Will the balloon that the cosmic imagination of infantile period expands ceaselessly into, at the beginning its surface bends very badly, as the balloon bigger and bigger, the curvature of its surface becomes smaller and smaller. Kucha explanation says: "The geometrical character that this is changing makes you can discern your located instant. " in other words, character of this kind of geometry can be regarded as a kind of clock is used.
Unfortunate is, up to now the of all kinds clock that Kucha has studied reached in the light of same system different quanta is stated respectively and forecast. Kucha explains: " park of any a kind of clock spatio-temporal in, can take computation quanta is mechanical the answers relatively result that gets. But once you changed a kind of clock, be based on electric field for instance, can get completely different result. Very difficult now judge among them which it is right, also or both all incorrect. Also or both all incorrect..
More than and such, chosen clock is returned finally must cannot by pulverize. Quanta theory thinks the space is put in a limit by intersected degree. The spatio-temporal quanta grain that can imagine is the least the diameter is 10-33 centimeter, namely Pu Lang overcomes length. Inside this infinitesimal measure, spatio-temporal curvature becomes bouncing and discontinuous, time and space begin disperse to change, and as " uncertainty bubble " when show when concealed. Paul Davies of physicist of no less than is in " about time " (About Time) what write in this book, "The geometrical structure that you must imagine place is possible -- of all likelihoods spatio-temporal, dimensional twist and time twist interweave together to form a kind of complex system, perhaps saying is ' bubble ' " .
The quanta gravitation theory that develops adequately only just can reveal everything what what produce below so small spatio-temporal measure. Kucha is conjectural, at present a few has not discover property in broad sense the theory of relativity fall in this measure won't produce quanta rise and fall, is successive likely. If this guesses,hold water, this property can use as Kucha all the time since the clock that searching. Kucha cherishs such hope to continue to exploring another likelihood.
Forget time
Kucha tries have the aid of all the time a kind of clock embeds broad sense the theory of relativity quanta is mechanical in frame. But a lot of physicist that study broad sense the theory of relativity think to should consider conversely however -- quanta mechanical blend in broad sense the theory of relativity, spend time as a dimension will consider. The physicist Carlo Rovelli of center of French theory physics is one of advocate.
"Forget time, it is a simple experimental fact only. " Rovelli expresses. He devotes oneself to to find out the quanta gravitation theory that does not need time. Calculate to simplify, he and colleague Abhay Ashtekar, Lee Smolin built an academic space that does not need clock together. Have the aid of hereat, they used the broad sense the theory of relativity of a new variable adapting Einstein, so that easily understanding is mixed,get used to quanta measure.
Their theory makes physicist people can explore the gravitation expression in subatomic measure with a kind of new way. But be reference completely likely really with time? "From at the beginning special relativity arrives the broad sense later is relativistic, the classical concept of time is weaker and weaker. Our reflection also needs time, but in fact it is true that we need this thing that time ponders over not to mean time. " Rovelli complements.
Another kind of time watchs: Partial physicist thinks time resembles temperature and pressure in that way, it is a kind of natural attribute of material. Graph: Pixabay
Rovelli says frankly, need time possibly tremendous concept to span from the eliminate in the basiccest physics law, overthrow like 16 centuries Copernicus " the earth's core says " put forward " heliocentric theory " when scientists need to do in that way.
But do not have time namely in true regulation probably, incorporate those regulation that apply to subatomic world. In fact, quanta is mechanical one of medium a lot of difficult problem -- time problem stimulated those who change to happen on certain level, the correction of mechanical to quanta law has begun. As one of difficult problem, theory learns the home people amending quanta all the time mechanical in the basiccest equation, allow why to be the content that consults directly with time with eliminate.
This kind of method is substantially a kind what decide straightforward advice equation to Xue is brand-new explanation. When just be being built, physicist can lend this direct calculation a particle breaks the possibility that B dot moves by A dot on the face in the time with specific some. The theory that develops further by Fei Man later considered countless kinds to be able to make a person to B by A the method of be convinced, and no matter how its possibility is little. Time serves as a kind of variable to be dropped by eliminate; Only possible way is crucial. Combine these likely route interconnected system, reveal a specific ways and means finally with respect to meeting float.
This process occasionally by the interference of assimilate to wave. Two bundles of wave in high above in the sky " encounter " when, they perhaps are met overlay is a bundle new, the wave with more powerful energy (long interference) , the meeting is completely quits perhaps (photograph disappear is interfered) . Similar, the interaction between the method that you can think of these are likely probably -- certain increased, weakened a few more additionally each other, form a way finally. More important is, time variable participates in computation no longer.
The quanta universe that the James Hartle of cent school devotes oneself to Shengbabala for a long time to use this idea at him learns California university in, carry with quanta mechanical law studies infantile universe reachs its evolution namely. But unlike the hypothesis that is aimed at individual particle, what he considers is the structure of all possibilities that can describe the universe in evolution, can can infinite array of the universe. After the structure that abounds each different when these is added up to by all, grow through photograph disappear and photograph, will form finally specific spatio-temporal. Hartle hopes to use this kind of method to reach the universe leaves the behavior clue in field of force in quanta. In the meantime, he does not need to choose a special clock to undertake this physics studies: Time disappeared as a basic variable.
Of course, isham points out, "Cast time after this concept, what should do next is this ordinary world that explains our body is in, and hover is in the time all round us. " the time of suspicion of a few people that includes Rovelli inside is not a main volume originally, they express, time may be more adjacent at temperature, pressure such physical attribute. Be aimed at individual particle or no point of the pressure when atom considers, the ability when this one concept is opposite the atomic discussion of on -727379968 only exists. Time concept probably just accords with this one statistical feature, that is to say, real world is drawn like a stipple. In the smallest measure, namely Pu Lang overcomes measure, time no point, the heaven and earth in resembling us cannot be being drawn from vicinity peek stipple is same.
Quanta gravitation theory learns the home to like to be compared oneself for archaeologist. The different position mining that every inquirer leaves a town in bulkily is intercurrent show half-baked vestigial, and panorama unknown of the city. What learn the home to be badly in need of now theoretically is data, can help them discern the experimental testimony that ponders over direction. When because of the likelihood need reproduces big burst purgatorial the environment like, make this is a job that finishs impossibly it seems that. But also say to forbid; The gravitation wave that leaves generation for instance is telescopic -- aim to explore the overflow on spatio-temporal plane to rise " dimple " equipment. They are in those who explore big burst likely " echo " -- former first gravitation wave, namely gravitation most begin to appear that is flashy of generation vestigial. This will provide crucial clue to explore spatio-temporal essence.
Kucha expresses, "Tens of what to happen inside ten minutes when we still cannot say big burst begins clear before New Year, but now, through collect Lin Lin always we can accomplish total evidence this. Perhaps can understand Pulangke completely when us when the physical phenomenon that produces on measure, can reply to what the problem of bequeath makes affirmation today. " in case is such, these evidence will guide us to be close to the origin of the world unprecedentedly, tell us likely still finally to be in 14 billion years previously, time and space are how from penniless in be born.
