Engineer of one class fire control had been entered 2019 for reference period, because one disappear exam is more difficult, for reference so battlefront will be longer. Want to pass an exam smoothly, should deepen understanding, aggrandizement to knowledge not only memory, undertake systematization and complete chemistry review, and should have high quality, efficient study.
To can let examinee people master direction of academic be used to, look for good focal point, trimmed focal point of exam of engineer of 8 fire control for everybody here, the hope can help great master.
One, combustion condition:
Flaming 4 requirement: Combustible; Oxidizer (oxidizer) ; Ignite source (temperature) (bright fire, electric arc, electric spark, be struck by lightning, high temperature, spontaneous combustion ignites source) ; Chain mirrors freedom radical.
2, combustion type
Check a place 1: Combustion type is classified
The condition that forms by combustion and the characteristic that produce the moment classify: Flash; Catch fire (ignite, spontaneous combustion) ; Explode
Check a place 2: Flash point, burning point, spontaneous combustion is nodded
Flash point: Flash point is lower, fire hazard sex is bigger. Hazard of assess liquid fire is used when sexual size.
Ignition point: Below certain condition, corporeal burning point is lower, catch fire more easily. The fire hazard of assess solid is used when sexual size.
From ignition point: Different combustible has different spontaneous combustion to nod, same kind combustible issues spontaneous combustion dot to also can produce change in different condition. The spontaneous combustion point of combustible is lower, the dangerous sex that produces fire is bigger.
3, combustion means and its characteristic
Check a place 1: Gas burns
Diffusion combustion: Combustion is stabler, diffuse blaze does not move, the mixture that can light gas and aeriform oxidant is in can light aeriform spout to undertake.
Mix combustion beforehand: Call explosive type combustion again. Combustion reaction is sharp, temperature is high, blaze transmission rate is rapid, the gas mixture of reaction does not diffuse, one fire cause introduces to produce center of a blaze namely in can burn mixture gas, become quantity of heat and source of concentration of chemical and active particle.
Check a place 2: Solid burns
1, evaporate combustion (sulfur, phosphor, Potassium, natrium, candle, colophony, bitumen, camphor, naphthalene) ;
2, the surface burns (charcoal, coke, iron, copper, burn without blaze) ;
3, decompose combustion (lumber, coal, plastic) ;
4, the combustion that smoke cigarette (Yin Ran) ;
5, motivation burns (explosion) .
Check a place 3: The liquid burns
Flash: Flash is to point to combustible after the vapour element that may light liquid brandish to be sent and air mix, when reaching certain consistency, encounter ignite the phenomenon that source generation shows to destroy namely.
Boil over: It is with crude oil exemple, explain from boil over process, boil over forms must have the following 3 conditions:
(1) crude oil has the character that forms hot wave, namely boil Cheng is wide, density differs bigger
(2) emulsification water is contained in crude oil, water encounters hot wave to become steam
(3) crude oil viscosity is bigger, make water vapour not easy from fall to cross oil reservoir up
Splash: Usually, produce boil over to want to compare the time that produces splash many early
4, products of combustion
Check a place 1: The concept of products of combustion
Complete products of combustion is the CO2 that the C in pointing to combustible is generated by oxidation (gas) , the H2O that H is generated by oxidation (fluid) , the SO2 that S is generated by oxidation (gas) wait, and CO, NH3, mellow kind, aldehyde kind, ether kind the child that etc is incomplete combustion.
Combustion ability of the metal depends on the physics of metallic itself and its oxide, chemistry. Differ according to melting point and boiling point, to can volatilize metallic cent normally the metal is mixed do not volatilize metal.
Check a place 2: The harm sex of products of combustion
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are two kinds of when combustion arises main products of combustion. Carbon monoxide is one of deadly main products of combustion in fire.
Produce poisonous, harmful gas, the flue gas that combustion produces still has the certain sex that decrease light.
5, the definition of fire, classification and harm
Check a place 1: The classification of fire
1) classify according to the property of combustion object
2) according to national level " fire is classified " regulation, fire cent is A (solid) , B (fluid) , C (gas) , D (gold) , E (report) , F (hutch) 6 kinds.
B kind fire: The liquid may fuse solid matter fire, notice bitumen and olefin.
The calamity loss rate that causes according to fire accident place is classified.
6, the common cause of fire happening
Electric, smoking, life uses internal heat inadvertent, production works malfunction of inadvertent, equipment, play with fire, fire prevention, be struck by lightning.
7, the mechanism that building fire spreads and way
Check a place 1: Build what fire spreads to spread hot mechanism:
(1) heat is conducted;
(2) thermal convection current;
(3) heat radiation; Radiation is the means that the object delivers energy through electromagnetic wave. (do not need to contact, deliver quantity of heat to earthly surface like the sun) .
Check a place 2: Of flue gas diffuse course
When high-level building produces fire, flue gas diffuses to have 3 lines commonly in the flow inside its:
The first, also be a the mainest: It is to catch fire upside of stair well → of → of room → corridor each floor → outdoor;
The 2nd, it is to catch fire room → outdoor;
The 3rd, catch fire → of room of superstratum of adjacent of room → photograph outdoor.
Check a place 3: Flue gas sheds the driving force that use:
Include the chimney effect that difference in temperature of room inside and outside causes, the influence of system of the action of outside wind, ventilated air conditioning. (the action of wind of leeway of chimney effect, fire, outside) .
Check a place 4: The way that flue gas spreads:
1) hole mouth spreads;
2) pass through the cop of wall and aperture spread;
3) spread inside frowsty top;
4) outside metope spreads.
Check a place 5: Build a few level that fire develops
(1) earlier growth phase
(2) develop level adequately: When the temperature inside the room achieves 400~600 ℃ , with a bang light. The happening that with a bang lights is indicating indoor fire enters full-scale development phase.
(3) attenuation phase. Of peak value 80% when calculate case.
8, the fundamental of put out a fire and method
1, cooling put out a fire;
2, keep apart put out a fire;
3, choking put out a fire (perfusion does not burn gas, reduce oxygen concentration. Oxygen chroma under 15% , or vapor chroma exceeds 35% ) ;
4, chemistry restrains put out a fire.
Want to remind each examinee here finally: If want an exam to pass, besides read a book far insufficient still, because we are not students, without big time expenditure is reading a book, and also go where without method taking a book to look, suggest here everybody? Eminent? Road? Of education coach use on, according to forring reference the different and logical choice of level suits him coach class, such word raises study efficiency to return spare time to raise the percent of pass of the exam not only.
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