It is minority dominates likewise, yuan Chaoshi far became famous toward that kind without Qing Dynasty, what we mention yuan of face to appear to be able to think is everywhere go on an expedition, and hero of a lot of the Han nationality is fought yuan achievement, yuan toward the action on the history besides the border that developed our country, don't have other action really? Actually otherwise.
In those days the cavalry go on an expedition of Mongolia is over prairie everywhere outspread, guiding in what become Jisaihan below, built illustrious and famous Mongolia sweat nation, later his grandchildren is incognito it is yuan big, built yuan of day. As a result of already occupational at that time one part Central Plains is domanial, found a capital at that time mostly, namely today's Beijing. It also is after distant gold another builds the capital the dynasty that be here.
At that time mostly the environment is not friendly, weather is harsh, major dynasty found a capital can choose slant again on the history south the place of a bit. And mostly at that time also is very desolate, there was not a capital this some is flourishing with advantage, after all the economic centre of gravity before slants south.
Compare at voluminous goods and materials hard of autarky mostly, changjiang Delta area appears
All the more prosperous rich and popular, benefit is gotten here the land at exceedingly good climate and fecund evenness, annual commissariat yield is quite high, the beauty that also had the world barn praise. One place is barren, be in rich and popular, natural Changjiang Delta also becomes yuan of face ruler a fat in the eye.
How to change fat of this Changjiang Delta become the rich and popular of boreal ground, this needs above all those who solve is the problem that traffic carries, after all one south one north, both sides is lying between an a great distance. The commissariat of Changjiang Delta carries smoothly mostly, ability ensures of yuan of face regnant get consolidating, so gubernatorial to this a Gordian knot also be to hurt a head very.
Traffic carriage no more than is sea land sky, the condition suffers at that time be restricted, carry in sky not be complete in consideration limits, and be in marine with land transportation between, what just began yuan of face choice is marine, this transit sets out from port of the Yangtse River, next classics Shandong peninsula, turn into Bohai Sea bay next, from Tianjin then big buy enters the Haihe River inside, walked along Lu channel river to turn to again north all the way mostly a city around, connecting a city to have rife barn at that time, serve as terminal technically.
This sea route is told compared with other line, can save many cost however, but also not be to say to be able to solve a problem completely really, having a lot of inadequacy after all. We know maritime climate wind and cloud is changeful, also meet below today's technical environment now and then occurrence accident, more fall in the condition at that time what is more,the rather that, again together with is maritime often pirate appears and disappear, this also increased marine difficulty. The can take range of canalage is narrow, also reach a city merely, the road later still must turn for overland, very troublesome.
And namely only this is small of one cut overland, also have a lot of problems, walk along overland nature little not carriage tool and carriage personnel, what basically depend on at that time is mulish Ma Hemin husband, in carriage road, often tired dead domestic animals and civilian husband can say is countless, such if things go on like this go down, be opposite of yuan of face dominating is very adverse, meet not only loss national power, and also restricted mostly economic development.
So final the ruler of yuan of face takes aim the look to river transportation. The circuit whole of river transportation is at that time very complete, and also debutted very long, but because chaos caused by war brings about these river transportation bedraggled for a long time, and did not undertake maintenance for years, wadi damaged is serious, and piled up a lot of silty, limitted traffic capacity. Must undertake comprehensive processing so, ability undertakes carriage again.
And the idea that the ruler at that time has cut new canal early, because capital has been built in north at that time, northward construction is far what come than Central Plains area is more pressing, so new canal wants the place of cut to be in boreal place, basically be to connect a city to arrive mostly and inside Shandong face the cutoff between Qing Dynasty and aid city. The position of these two paragraphs of canals is clever very, cut this two place, can be on original canal line get through aqueduct of north and south.
This new canal spent 8 months to be finished only probably, after get through, this southern commissariat can pass the shortest line with most the means that cost saves when save labour is saved carries mostly, this that one cut that wants sea route originally is solved, but after arriving to tell a state, still should be faced with overland carried worry, if,can be the word of instead aqueduct, the aqueduct of that part has dam river only, carriage ability is limited, can go aground from time to time.
To solve this problem, can reopen certains one cut canal. Be measured through and plan, yuan Chaokai certained city of all of a couplet and mostly the canal, after this, yuan ability is the waterway project of face to be finished thoroughly, south plans to also become successful to northward carry grain, the cut of this canal, for later mostly development has very great sense.
The cut of this canal, the mind that solved ruler successfully suffers from greatly, after this, the difficulty that grain north moves south is greatly cut, and the major water system of our country churchyard also passed this cut to come true to communicate. Meanwhile, northward economic communication crossed a new level south. Can say this canal is told to Yuan Chaolai, having very great politics and economic sense.
This canal also is us now the predecessor of Beijing Hangzhou the Grant Canal, canal culture of China is met then from fierce of Qin Huang Chinese had begun, at that time only then the emperor is in fine encourage cut a wadi, defined the strike of Changjiang Delta canal with this, later the cut of again and again of past dynasties emperor, canal culture of China also one pace moves toward maturity.
Can say to this canal cut of yuan of face is very the thing of benefit offspring. But below feudal system, this big project also created the job of rife corruption, also make be drawn out slowly with respect to the Yuan Chaodi dam with popular not very originally empty, very much at that time labor is pulled cut canal, corruption corruption makes the pay of this part labor cans be imagined, often suffer hunger and cold, rock-bottom people is right gubernatorial complaints are heard everywhere, this also was caused very much later those who fight yuan of movement is arisen, those who caused yuan of day is ruined.
This the Grant Canal begins cut from age, when period of Sui Yang emperor is able to finish, tang Song period flourishs increasingly, and Yuan Chaoze is able to become these bent canals repeatedly linear, in bright Qing Dynasty period undertook start construction and dredge, this is put in macroscopical angle to look, it is really one is perfected ceaselessly and ceaseless benefit the project at offspring, but from yuan in light of the experience toward whole at that time society environment and people, this project brings more it is affliction, what say to bring hardship with its is this canal, be inferior to saying be ruler is cruel.
Reference material:
[" Beijing Hangzhou the Grant Canal " , " yuan history " ]
