Cheng Gongbing, fancy teacher, shenzhen principal of school of bright heart experiment
The palm of classroom accuses, with pedagogic knowledge reserve has very big concern. Intellectual range of the teacher is really narrow, but attend this class the relevant knowledge reserve that I should have become this subject adequately, otherwise you do not raise this question.
We see the begin of the class again, many teachers learned a lot of a person of academic or artistic distinction to make a group today, like to circle will be circled, either without preamble. Begin of such a kind of classroom are objected between our classroom education.
What makes return classroom to the student, when should return, when ought not to return, return with what means when, it is to have cultured, a simple word can be not solved.
Knowledge lays in inadequacy, how can have teacher and student casually
The palm of classroom accuses, with pedagogic knowledge reserve has very big concern. We will cite a case.
Once a primary school teacher teachs " animal, human friend " . Telling telling this teacher to ask a question incidentally: "Classmates, do you know what animal is close to eradicating? " children begin to say, some says giant panda, some says northeast tiger, some says polar bear, some says China sturgeon, some says Chinese alligator.
The teacher just raised this question incidentally, children answered back and forth really however, but him teacher did not make clear Hunan after all what animal is to be close to eradicating, be forced to nod then, behavioral scope is very little, you look almost not clear he is to nod to still shake your head, no matter who says he nods, consider deceive pass a barrier, think perfunctory past. But the child begins a controversy to rise, pupil is very serious, this one controversy with respect to hope teacher you are judged after all to us to who who is wrong.
This teacher brainwave easily, we are very much the teacher is so brainwave easily. The teacher says: "Classmates, after next levying, you are checked to the library, you get online go checking. " consider deceive pass a barrier, this is we have some of teacher's idiomatic technique. Which know to have a child truer, exposed imperial new clothes, he stands up say: "Probably you also do not know the teacher. Only a moment ago the first group says giant panda is correct, the others is wrong. Other still have orangutan of rhinoceros of blackbear of Siberia tiger, Asia, Africa, Asia... " he spoke more than 10 species at a heat.
This teacher countenance is very awkward, is the reason in? Intellectual reserve has a problem. Intellectual range of the teacher is really narrow, but attend this class the relevant knowledge reserve that I should have become this subject adequately, otherwise you do not raise this question.
A teacher of young middle school history tells business Yang, abrupt brainwave easily, say: "Classmates, it is how dead that you know business Yang is final? " the child did not reply, he himself replies: "I tell you business Yang to finally die by tearing a person asunder by five carts. " ask then: "Do you know classmates what calls tearing a person asunder by five carts? " the child did not make a sound again, he replies with respect to oneself: "Alleged tearing a person asunder by five carts makes car make friends dead namely. " ignorant and dauntless! If connect tearing a person asunder by five carts not to know, you can break up turn over a dictionary, understanding is clear tell to classroom again. We have some of teacher knowledge to lay in serious inadequacy.
I cite a case again, some school is high 3 guard a pass teacher, group leader of Chinese teaching and research group, fancy teacher, the class on him is Mr Yang Jiang write " Laowang " , person teaching edition and Jiangsu edition put it in junior high school when teaching material, shanghai puts it in high school when teaching material. How does this teacher go up? When attending class, the first problem is section, divide paragraph of wraparound paragraph carelessness, generalizing paragraph carelessness to be over is Baconian theme thought, main character is analysed namely after Baconian theme thought, who is main character?
Laowang, why? Caption is Laowang. The disposition characteristic of Baconian Laowang, laowang how? Laborious, kind-hearted, guileless, be happy to help a person, write on blackboard entirely, clear, writing on blackboard is very beautiful, whole blackboard basically is written full. Here arrives on the class when teacher discovery, all education mission that he sets beforehand was finished entirely.
How to do next? Look from finish class to still have period of time, then brainwave easily, classmates what problem do you still have about this text? The child begins gabble to raise a question. Have a child say: The ending of the article says " like me the person of a such eat or drink more than one is entitled to, face Laowang to should feel ashamed Zun " , I do not understand. The teacher allows, him estimation also does not have very deep understanding, then brainwave says easily: "Classmates, the question that a moment ago this classmate raises is very valuable, we discuss discuss. We discuss discuss..
This is our teacher's idiomatic gimmick, call classmates to discuss when it is not clear that he himself is done discuss, this also have not cannot, teaching benefits teachers as well as students. There is classmate raise one's hand among discussion course, say: Because " I " the help that cannot give old Wang Yiyou effect feels ashamed Zun so. The teacher allows seem reasonable, repeated a moment ago the viewpoint of this student, next this regards a standard as the answer. This moment raises the classmate raise one's hand of the problem, say: "I do not agree with the teacher. "I do not agree with the teacher..
Here arrives on the class when, I discover the eye of the classmate on the class shined. My attend a lecture does not like to sit at the back, those who look sitting at the back is afterbrain spoon of the student, my attend a lecture likes two places that take in front, these two positions can see the eye of all children. The eye is interior window, it can tell you this class success or failure. Can say the fact of education link truth in front says the child does not have interest, downhearted, where is the reason? Because education pattern of the teacher is too set, thought of wraparound paragraph carelessness, Baconian theme is waited a moment.
My discovery was spoken when a student when the alleged answer with the teacher is different, the eye of all classmates showed whole class. If this moment teacher handles this link well, be equal to pull forcibly, this class still can be pulled come over, still can succeed. Very regrettablly the teacher sees watch leave when finishing class already very close, raise a voice, press this child with speak with justice, high-handed, simple and honest baritone went down.
The class asks this the child later below, this child analysis gets clear and logical, those who enter is very reasonable. I had turned round to ask this teacher again, this teacher is told a long time it is not clear to be told namely, " Wang Gu left and right sides he " . How didn't the teacher understand even this implied meaning you to you can walk into classroom to have teacher and student? Intellectual reserve has a problem.
Mist of begin cloud hill is overspread, not be good subject
We see the begin of the class again, many teachers learned a lot of a person of academic or artistic distinction to make a group today, like to circle will be circled, either without preamble.
A teacher wants to use heuristic attend mathematical class " accrual " content, attend class, teacher activate such circumstances: "Spent the New Year, what is what classmates like most? " (teacher hope student says " money given to children as a lunar New Year gift " ) student gabble ground says to like " put firecracker " , "Visit relative " , "Play delighted... " it is nobody says money given to children as a lunar New Year gift. Teacher can find no way out, be forced oneself said, after saying money given to children as a lunar New Year gift, the teacher asks again: "How does the meeting after you took money given to children as a lunar New Year gift do? " the student says " give mom " , "Buy study articles for use " , "Boost difficult area " , the result that teacher place expects " stock a bank " , it is nobody say, the teacher is forced oneself say. The first link that a lot of teachers attend class is such, circle will be circled, several minutes circle the past, still do not have pertinent.
Similar begin of such a kind of classroom are objected between our classroom education.
Still a teacher learned the class exemple of a person of academic or artistic distinction, borrow a class to attend class to come up to ask: "Classmates, what do you guess me to surname? " my heart thinks: What do you surname to do not have any relations with this class education, you love to surname what to surname.
How should be begin done? Begin should be natural activate first-rate, harmonious environment.
Cite a case, old professor of a college attends class, contact a new class for the first time, we know teacher first time attends class in a new class, go up not quite easily, because teacher first time sees these students, student first time sees this teacher, there is a kind of indescribable insecurity between both sides, so first class is gotten on general meeting very hard, like us on this class just begin I feel very hard, we Lian Xiaorong of a lot of presidents is done not have.
Go up very forcedly, go up very acerbitily, go up very accurate, how does this old professor attend class? The ding that attend class rang, in taking stand, the teacher says: Attend class. The monitor cries: Stand up. The teacher says: Fellow students are good. Students say: The teacher is good. Next according to convention the teacher should cry to sit please, say: We begin classmates today tell " maths is pedagogic " , we interpret the first rule today the first A of the first of the first big question small issue is nodded. Our college professor is likely so attend class.
Which know us this teacher is not such, the ring that attend class rang, in taking stand, "Attend class. " " stand up. " " fellow students are good! " " the teacher is good! " should cry according to groovy teacher next " sit please " , but this teacher did not cry " sit please " , scanned all classmates entirely with the eye however. The teacher says: "Wrong, wrong, you call me to call a fault. " whole class classmate indescribable, look at each other in speechless despair, the teacher says: "I, it is the teacher of your teacher, my what should you call? " whole class classmate cries together: "A private assistant attending to legal is good. "A private assistant attending to legal is good..
" a private assistant attending to legal is good " , because teacher and student meet for the first time the sort of indescribable insecurity vanished completely, among the setting that enters that special harmony at a draught. The teacher feels the child is quite lovely, shined of candle type. The child feels this teacher is quite lovely, old imp one. Go very nearly between both sides, once affection became close, this class is gotten on the meeting very relaxed, sapid.
What makes return classroom to the student? Do not think simple!
Next we want to discuss an issue, what to teach after all namely. We were told in the past teach teaching material, the teacher attends class dry what, of teach, what to teach the book, teach textbook namely, teach teaching material, what does teaching material have what do we say, teaching material says how we teachs, become later religion ginseng say how we say. The teacher prepares lessons even if equipment teaching is joined, the content that teachs the content change of ginseng to become teacher and student, we discover a problem later, there is a lot of to instruct complementary reader on the market namely, this teachs complementary reader to join 3 the fabricating that undertakes, treatment according to teaching namely, come so our teacher wants what to say, the student knows basically, the teacher is awkward.
Cite a case, I took division of name of a Chinese to develop base in Shanghai, I am the compere of this base, I take every first phase 15 student, each student wants to attend a class, and I should review a lesson. A teacher goes up " fasten Kang Qiao again " , xu Zhi rub a poetry, he designed a lot of issues, have a problem is such designs among them, why to call Kang Qiao, why to call Cambridge, kang Qiao is Cambridge, cambridge is Kang Qiao, why caption does not make fasten Cambridge again. After finishing, the class reviews a lesson by me, I said very impolitely: "I say you this problem is invalid problem, it is worthless problem, it is bogus problem. It is bogus problem..
We this teacher not quite be convinced, he says with me so, he says: "Mr. Cheng, this is to teach on ginseng so say. " he thinks this word can block me go back, which know he said this word offends me urgent, I said the word of a special extreme, of course I this word also may have a mistake, I say: "I am sorry, do you know what makes teach join? Alleged the person that teach the be a comprehensive expression of that joining is a mistake. " state this word is wrong above all, I use the speech of a such extremes, it is to want to tell him actually, enter the judgement that must have oneself to teaching, must have oneself reflection.
I once was juror of teaching material of Chinese of Shanghai high school, I know what makes teaching material of course, each interest that alleged teaching material is this course is mutual contradiction, mutual the fight compromises finally the result that come out, teaching material has two big characteristics: The first, normative; The 2nd, commonplace. Everybody agrees with often also grind edges and corners entirely.
So what makes teach ginseng, I also know this teachs of ginseng write a process, if I am the word of chief editor, I call together a gang person, will weave so called religion ginseng, I write teach the meaning of ginseng, purpose, value, fundamental, still have write method of stylistic rules and layout, means, and the time that meets draft finally, said to be clear about entirely. After a certain number of time end, as chief editor I teach the draft of ginseng to close, examine, basically do not have what problem, give examine an orgnaization, the factory pressworks with respect to consign later. The wisdom of 3 two people is likely on a specific content in other words, the wisdom of 3 two people the probability that its make a mistake is very tall.
Give examination paper of a piece of the university entrance exam for instance, will tell commonly is 6 experts, 4 universities are taught, 2 middle schools are fancy teacher, time giving a title a month, after giving a title, ask the college professor that this course has a level very much and a fancy teacher again, two people will examine this topic, after was being examined, amend, after was being amended, ask in those days student, two students, make try measure unripe, take an examination of, look have what problem, amend again next, so much person is amended repeatedly, next final version of examination paper of the university entrance exam. Announce after the university entrance exam come out, everybody still discovers examination paper of the university entrance exam exists a few problems, how can be you joined easily with respect to photograph be religious so? How can you believe teaching material easily? Teaching material also can make a mistake.
According to " legal evening paper " report, zhang Zunlin the 6th child Zhang Xuejun's son piece Lv Shi pointed out a few days ago, the high school that people education press published 2002 " Chinese mordern history " the grandfather that the photograph in teaching material is not him, it is to belong to He Haiqing of another Hunan warlord actually. He Quanmei expresses He Haiqing's granddaughter, after oneself see also the grandfather He Haiqing that a photograph that there is Zhang Zunlin name in identifying schoolbook is him actually. (See civil collect read weekly 2013-2-1(3) )
We have the main act of reform of some of school classroom education to liberate a student namely now, why to liberate a student, because discover school teacher is among education process, it is actually teach the thing of ginseng to be moved to classroom, and the level that move still is not very high, then flat regulation: The teacher was not told, the student of this bit of thing that your teacher tells knows, flat let him student tell. Appeared then a few reform move that do not have distinguishing feature.
We are not told today teach teaching material, change a concept, make teach with teaching material, teach a person with teaching material, be born with teaching material education. What calls action teaching material to teach a person, not be what teaching material has what do we teach, however what does the student need what do we just teach; The demand that is aimed at a student will have teacher and student. Not be the structure that will select teacher and student according to the structure of teaching material, decide the structure of education and regulation however according to the behavior regulation of psychological structure of the student, student. This word is very abstract, very difficult, spread out it come everybody knew.
The first, what has the student known? The student has understood it is OK that as the teacher you need to check only, we discover on this one link a lot of teachers are amiss, what defect, the thing that the child had known, he still is telling babble, vixenishly, perpetually ceaseless, the student has understood, it is OK that you need to check only.
The 2nd, what doesn't the student know? But notice he saw him teaching material can do those who know something please, the student's cerebra is not a blank, it is OK that if be a blank,you want stuff only, the student does not understand, but saw him teaching material can do those who know a few content, you make he reads teaching material good, look to let him generalize later, let him abstract, do not generalize your side he, abstraction does not reach the designated position you help him.
The 3rd, what is the student does not understand, saw teaching material also do not understand, does he need collaboration to learn those who understand to you just can be done? You are then good with respect to constituent discussion and communication, truth fact says, we have the cooperative study of some of open class now, pure belong to beautiful, this discusses pure belong to redundant, it is not to discuss really, do not attend class, the teacher says: "Classmates, your around two 4 classmate discussion discuss. " do not discuss to be solved. Do this discuss valuable? Pure belong to invalid discussion, additional so called panel discussion, the member of the group is formed is to have cultured, not be informal around two 4 classmates can discuss discuss, difference wants between the member of the group the biggest influence ability valuable, just have the value of the group.
I lift an example to say, I am in build smooth middle school to hold the position of the president, choose 3 vice-president, I teach Chinese, I promoted 3 vice-president, one teachs maths, one teachs physics, one is to teach biologic, why? Follow me because of their thinking means different, we this group combination rises ability benefit is the greatest change. If follow me thinking way is same, I thought of, he also thought of, I did not think of he also did not think of, what do you say I want him to do assistant to work? The member difference of the group is the biggest change, the discussion ability that the group place of such composition has is valuable.
The 4th, what is must the teacher tells? The student does not understand, saw teaching material also do not understand, still do not understand through discussing, this moment teacher should be told, if or else of this moment teacher is told, your conscience wheres, you say to learn the experience of such-and-such school, still give a student classroom. Then I examine minutely: "You took national salary, according to us adage is told, you took national Feng Lu, you still give a student classroom unexpectedly, does your conscience where? " when this teacher is told, you are about to tell. Middle school of Du Lang mouth brings the student into play rose, just begin even if let a student tell entirely, discovery is incorrect later, teacher or need say period of time. This when you are told, you must have been told.
The 5th, if the teacher told a student to still do not understand, that must carry out an activity. Do not think all students that teacher place tells can be understood, the teacher told a student to also do not understand, the teacher is designed with respect to take action, let children carry out activity of practice, activity.
Cite a case, I am Chinese teacher, as Chinese teacher affirmative on classroom meeting says word of Tang poetry the Song Dynasty, when telling Tang poetry, we can mention frontier fortress poem for certain, when telling frontier fortress poem, the child of big city does not have a feeling at all. I once did a business, took 600 much teachers and students, use summer vacation to set out from Shanghai, include a train, the first station arrives Xi'an, treat tower of military forces tomb figure, ancient city wall, wild goose, children can experience the Hantangwen of massiness to change immediately. The 2nd station goes to Dunhuang, close to fine valley, close to jade door, close to this world, children arrived this world closes, what to understand to cry immediately " this world goes out to involve without reason person on the west " ; The child arrived jade door shuts, what to understand to cry immediately " spring breeze does not spend jade door to close " . Facing boundless and indistinct desert, his implication that understood line. The 3rd station arrives spit rash time, upper at that time temperature 62, geographical teacher need not explanation, children experience the concept of blaze hill. The 4th station arrives pool of day hill, day, to Urumqi. Be accompanied and so specific study content and specific means go.
I cite a very simple case again, for instance, sports teacher teachs the child to learn to swim, you explain the natant theory, knowledge that explains swim, action that explains slippery water in the classroom, but you do not let the child enter the water namely, do you say the child can swim, the child learns forever won't, you lose the child in water only, child ability learns to swim, he needs to carry out ability to master.
What makes return classroom to the student, when should return, when ought not to return, return with what means when, it is to have cultured, a simple word can be not solved. Need us to think, make arrangement next according to actual condition of the student.
Education of type of interlocution of heuristic education ≠
Pay close attention to the choice of education strategy, how is the teacher done, the teacher is done how. Whats talking about now about strategy of education means, education heuristic, so called heuristic, we have a lot of teachers to understand it make interlocution type, the teacher carries problem student to reply, the teacher's ceaseless query is inscribed, the student replies ceaselessly, this is heuristic. Admit this heuristic for the moment, the head is amiss here.
One of problems, call mechanical interlocution. I once listened to very extreme class, this one class lets come down, problem altogether of the teacher 117, the majority is invalid problem, a problem is cast come out, he should let children are thought of and be informed, the question that if truly ponders children,all with one voice can answer, that is not a problem, the issue that our teacher sets, must surpass the level of instantly student moderately, surmount moderately.
What is of the problem, onefold mode. Onefold mode is a teacher query problem lets the child reply together, numerous sound replies. What issue can answer of this numerous sound bring? Be there just to make up the number! Cantata causes be there just to make up the number, the problem that the end product of be there just to make up the number is a student is obstructed entirely, you do not know where student problem is.
So I suggest each president, you if attend a lecture, must not sit at the back, if likely you sit advanced face, the mouth that you go to seeing the child knew, I a moment ago said the first eyes that sees the child, what do the 2nd see, see mouth body of the child, although,the child has some of mouth piece move, but voice is very small, his missay the teacher was not heard, some children although mouth piece, but did not spit a word to come. This gives curtain the issue entirely. Chorally not quite good, that with respect to solo, why cannot let child solo, solo can reveal the problem come out.
Of the problem is " ask to answer namely namely " , what cries " ask to answer namely namely " ? The teacher raises a question, call a student the answer immediately, two is plant likelihood. The first kind likelihood, the student can reply, but ask an attention, if the student can reply immediately, what to show, the issue that shows you does not have value, the issue that shows you does not need to think at all, do not have value so, he had been met. The 2nd kind likelihood, the student does not reply, what is the reason that cannot reply, you do not give him reflection time, you say how he can reply, be thought what our teacher cannot let quite the child closes an eye to want.
So I suggest everybody, if discover this circumstance, still hope our teacher gives the child the time that thought and chance, give the child the space that thought, do not go after blindly lively.
This ability is true still give the child classroom, this ability is the meaning place of classroom education.
