Sexual be apt to talks the core that is Mencius thought, also be the theoretical foundation of doctrine of " of his " policy of benevolence. The article from " Mencius " text is cut, the idea that discusses Mencius sex kind is the same as actual scene photograph to be united in wedlock, aim to deepen the understanding that talks to sexual be apt to, coach reality lives better thereby.
One, admittedly everybody " sex " of this be apt to, environment also " can make be not to be pooh-poohed "Child say: "Person at the beginning of, quality this be apt to also. "And the thought is development. The Mencius accedes the thought of Confucius, be apt to of initiate " sex talks " .
Before discussing " sex be apt to to talk " , let us be returned first sending out go in the fragrance text of wisdom of sages and men of virtue, try to search original warmth from the most original character.
Accuse child say: "The gender still rapids water also, definitely all east criterion east flow, definitely all wests flow on the west; Of human nature without cent at be apt to and not to be pooh-poohed also, you Shuizhi does not have cent at the thing also.
The Mencius says: "Water letter does not have cent at the thing, fall at going up without cent? Human be apt to also, you Shuizhi falls also. The person is not had have not to be pooh-poohed, water is not had have no less than. Today husband water wrestle and jump, can have made forehead; Stimulate and go, can make cross mountain, be the sex of water? Its situation criterion like that also, of the person can make be not to be pooh-poohed, its sex still also is also. "(" Mencius · is accused child on " )
It is to use " of human nature of " of analogy of " of " ability in swimming likewise, accuse child the point of view that put forward to differ respectively with the Mencius. Accuse child a side that saw flow, just point out with respect to hard to avoid human nature is just as ability in swimming narrowly on the thought, do not divide what be apt to and not to be pooh-poohed.
And the Mencius' thought is open, deep a lot of. The flow direction of water is not to separate a stuff, but this is not represented neck and neck also. Human be apt to is just as water to flow downward same, the person does not have ill good people, water does not have what do not flow downward. However this still is not current direction is all. Next, the Mencius pointed out the action of outside force again. If rap water, make it is splashed rise, but tall outstanding forehead. This nature is not the nature of water, it is explicit phasic hasten makes it must not be inferior to this. The person is OK maleficent, its are this explicit situation makes ability in swimming was changed constitutionally.
Of the Mencius this paragraph discusses what borrowed ability in swimming to point out human nature not only this be apt to, it is to borrowed ability in swimming to point out the external environment influence to human nature more, it may be said gets double effect with one analogy.
Above all, "The person is not had have not to be pooh-poohed, water is not had have no less than. "Mencius from " water " the content of this one pure nature resembles beginning, be the same as human nature analogy of photograph of ability in swimming, also contain simple materialistic tendency. " · of Wen Xindiao dragon formerly " carry: "Yan Zhiwen also, the heart of heaven and earth! "Here is to tell, the article should have literary talent, want the intelligence of animals of nature of try to gain. This is mixed about " of " ability in swimming with the Mencius the judgment of " of " heart sex cannot not say is come down in one continuous line. In the Chinese ancient time that corporeal civilization lags behind extremely than instantly, people invests more experience in the prostrate to nature, the force nature sees Gao Yuan of the bank that get Wei. The people that awaits in those days, even if looks at instantly the side that its lag behind, but their him Ming Xiao belongs to nature, want from the force with the original derive in nature. Today, people is afraid of is gradually the meaning that hasten forgot nature. Then, had all " only content is the idea from " , had the tear " on " BMW car, had the powdered milk of baby of kill with poison, had meal in no longer delicate edible is oily, had pitch-black quilt, the thing that had everything desire crosscurrent. We are thinking over, more expect see a hope.
The Mencius borrows " of " ability in swimming to appeal to " of " human nature, make us witting not only " of " human nature is the same as " of " ability in swimming to have its inherent quality euqally, also let us comprehend person and natural affinity. Here, the Mencius is it seems that gifted water intelligence of animals, let its appear vividly at writing, resound is in Gao Miao's heaven and earth, roam of Yu Youyuan spatio-temporal in. The intelligence of animals of " of this " water, as if pass through the days of chiliad, in took flesh, went today our beside.
Next, "Its situation criterion like that also, of the person can make be not to be pooh-poohed, its sex still also is also. "It is explicit force makes water flows backwards, so the person also is OK " flows backwards of " , this from saying substantially also is explicit and undesirable environment hasten makes person " flows backwards of " .
The Mencius says: "In the house remote mountains of Shun, reside with Mu Shi, pig with the deer swim, its so different the savage at remote mountains person a few rare; Reach its to hear talk of one be apt to, see one beneficent, if definitely Jiang He, abundant like that Mo Zhi can drive also. (" on Mencius · with one one's heart " ) that is to say, reside remote mountains when Shun when, it is adjacent with Mu Shi, pig with the deer play, with remote mountains medium savage is about the same little. But, once be waked up to the ability of be apt to in the heart, resemble Jiang He same, abundant however Mo Zhi can drive, make Shun becomes a wise man. And this is planted in the heart that how arouses a person the force to be apt to, became a very serious problem. Accordingly, the Mencius values environment and the influence that teach pair of people very. He is not blind abominably underlines sexual kind, and the main effect that also saw an environment at the same time, this also what the surface understands Mencius ideology is multidimensional quality.
The experience that moves for many times when this one thought of the Mencius and its childhood should somewhat associated. The Mencius' mother grows goodly to build to small Mencius environment, ever two change 3 ground.
" row daughter passes " in have such account:
When former times Mencius is little, father early funeral, mother Zhang preserve chastity after the death of her husband. Living place is bordering on a grave, the Mencius learns to be mortuary, Zuo , the thing of leap up cry bitterly. Mu Yue: "This blame is in so child also. "Go therefore, satisfy city of change one's dwelling house by, mencius the issue that play sells for Gu Renxuan, mu Yue: "This is not again be in so child also. "Abandon town, be bordering on massacre, learn the thing that slaughters for buying and selling. The origin says again: "It is Yi Fei is in so child. "Of then change Yu Xuegong by. Every months of syzygy, the official enters Wen Miao, salute worship on bended knees, bow with hands clasped to let advance and retreat, the Mencius saw, review one by one write down. Origin of the first month says: "This can be in really child also. "Be on this then. (" row daughter passes · to coil one · Mu Yi " )
Sages and men of virtue also needs acquired education to just make sages and men of virtue finally. The home of small Mencius ever was near graveyard, he likes to be near graveyard amuse oneself. Until is moved near the market, small Mencius begins to study the issue of mercantile business again. This explains, be being returned in the Mencius is not sage Mencius when, ever also got not self-consciously the influence of outside ambient. Admittedly everybody " sex " of this be apt to, environment also " can make be not good at " .
Let us continue to watch text version:
Accuse child say: "It is a gender unripely. "It is a gender unripely..
The Mencius says: "Call unripely quality also, does You Baizhi call white with? Does You Baizhi call white with??
Say: "Like that. "Like that..
"Bai Yu's Bai Ye, of You Baixue white, of white You Baiyu of Baixue white with?
Say: "Like that. "Like that..
"The sex of the sexual You Niu of dog ining that case, the sex that arrogant sex likes a person and? The sex that arrogant sex likes a person and??
(" Mencius · is accused child on " )
Here, accuse child the " is a gender that thinks " is unripe, think to want inherent aptitude to call " sex " only namely, this was equal person and animal to be waited for. The Mencius is to point out " of Bai Yu of " of Bai Xue of " of " Bai Yu, " , " first of white " of 3 kinds of " different, explain this white blame the other party is white, what point out " of sex of ox of " of " dog sex, " and " of " human nature then is different, consolidate step by step of it may be said, make the argue of person birds success will come when conditions are ripe.
In the times that the Mencius lives, "The action of person " and meaning still are done not have so outstanding. And the Mencius can distinguish human nature and brutish photograph, it may be said is commendable. The argue that is person birds this, showed Mencius and other 70 child hind the different observation perspective that learns hold of pair of place of the theory of human nature-a fallacy put forward by the landlord class and the bourgeoisie, the which denies the class character of human nature that this differentia different understands a Mencius to us is crucial. This also is the unique part of Mencius thought.
Hill gentleman points out Li Cun, "The human nature that Mencius place explains, it is the person is a person, namely the person's distinction at other other people kind characteristic " . With accuse child photograph comparing, the dimension of Mencius definition human nature is spent apparent more reasonable, the person be the sex of some thing that can say because of every, should not be content of this be related and other thing is bit more collective, and the differentia that should be content of this be related and other thing, namely the person that this thing is this thing so. The person becomes a person, because the person has,be different from the nature of the " of " be apt to of the animal namely.
Namely Mencius and accuse child such seeing be like speak daily simply again, tirelessly appeals to come so deep sense, it may be said is excellent.
However, human nature just also is not different from an animal so simple.
The Mencius thinks " does not have the heart of compassion, impersonal also; Without the heart with evil be ashamed, impersonal also; Do not have the heart of politely decline, impersonal also; Do not have the heart of dispute, impersonal also; "This is broken discuss it may be said clang strong, contain even certain vituperative imply, point to continuously terrible. The vivid content that did not sympathize with a heart is not a person, shameless body is not a person, do not understand self-effacing not be a person, unidentified dispute is not a person. Mencius undisguisedly one express personal anger, the 4 hearts of " that brightly pointed out to the person is different from an animal " .
The Mencius points out the person wants to know " of dispute of " of politely decline of evil " of be ashamed of " compassion " , " , " , " . Look with respect to reality, this is the expectation to people more. Although we are willing to believe, in the consciousness of deep administrative levels, human nature is be apt to. And in the act that presents in the recognizant place of surface layer, the more that we see is to have violate " the words and deeds of 4 hearts " . "The story that Kong Rong yields pear " is passed for a much-told story, because know the behavior of " of " politely decline,be rare; "8 Rong Bachi " want ballyhoo, it is to think the bounds of evil " of " be ashamed is already muddleheaded not clear. Visible, have the words and deeds that violates " of " human nature, be in all the time up to now since ancient times. This must let us review the words and deeds of human oneself. Our mankind, deserve to go up really the appellation of this nobility of " person " ?
In " after 4 hearts " , the Mencius put forward " further 4 upright " :
The heart of compassion, ren Zhiduan also; The heart with evil be ashamed, justice upright also; The heart of politely decline, the end of the ceremony also; The heart of dispute, zhi Zhiduan also. Of the person have 4 end also, still its have 4 system also.
This " the judgment of 4 hearts " was deepened again. Mencius general compassion, be ashamed evil, politely decline, dispute, colleague, justice, ceremony, wisdom one to one correspondence, dominate 4 end together the person sits lie walking limb is relevant couplet, speak the importance of 4 end with the analogy of figure. This 4 end, be subject to the heart. And limb, be subject to the body. Limb is the part with the most important body. The Mencius says " 4 upright " are just as " 4 body " , this with respect to the interior concept abstraction incorporate, thereby " 4 upright " are not had in the heart significant position appeals to commutable to fully.
Next, the Mencius says again: "Every has 4 end at me person, know all enlarge and fill, be like fire only then like that, of the spring only then amount to, gou Neng fills, enough keeps the whole word; Careless does not fill, can't thing parents. Can't thing parents..
This exposition and argumentation before opposite Yu Zhi is one is deepened. Should have " only 4 upright " , and can try neatly augment is used, that resembles is the firebrand that just ignites, just become drifting river plain, everything labor force waits for hair, flourishing. If true can this " augment of 4 upright " , of the four seas stable why sufficient mention! But if do not try the word of augment, be afraid even the basiccest accomplished very hard also for foster parent. Two kinds of extremes of the " that this makes clear to " Gou Neng is filled and the " be caused by that " ifs to be not filled are sequential, thereby also from positive and negative two respects proved " the main effect of 4 upright " .
The person's sex has " 4 upright " . Since 4 end of " " is the most important in human nature, and the person's nature is be apt to, so 4 upright " are " namely the essence of human be apt to. (author of one past literature / violet predestined relationship)
