Traitor often has a few typical look, for instance seller feels a country flourish of in an attempt to seeks profit, corrupt old advocate with fawn on new advocate, shameless to going up to next notting have, abandon one state the big profit of gens is waited a moment with changing the Xiaoli of an one person, always extremely use up adulatory in an attempt to to be bestowed favor on newly. But can disregard ethical program constant, willing in new advocate face proneness genu says, and oneself or the gentleman of one country, say to go up the person of most shameless traitor, only the Five Dynasties the stone of emperor of found a state of the later han dynasty of period respects 10 countries Tang.
Shi Jingtang
Scene blessing the first year of an era or the reign of an emperor (the Christian era 892 years) , shi Jingtang is born at this world of Shanxi Taiyuan Fen in, second of the seniority in the home, as a child tacit, happy event read a book of tactics, with country of Zhao of period of the Warring States Zhou Yafu of famous general Li Mu and Chinese government great soldier is adore an object, together with is sanded Tuo clansman originally, flow in blood dripping this a group of things with common features the gene that can sign war of be apt to, a valiant general that goes up for battlefield grows gradually after, you Shanqi is shot. Li Siyuan of acting state feudal provincial or prefectural governor allows to respect Tang to stone when very regard highly, enrol its to general, grant daughter betroth he. Li Siyuan is Tang Chao so-called " flying tiger child " the foster son that Li Ke of general of Sha Tuo a group of things with common features uses. Li Ke is used is more Oh, because of diligent Wang Yougong, ever was sealed to be advance king by Tang Chao, after dying, be chased after to seal the emperor that it is fierce by the Later Tang Dynasty, its child the emperor of found a state that Li Cunxu is the Later Tang Dynasty -- Zhuang Zong of the Later Tang Dynasty.
Li Cunxu
What stone respects Tang all to get Li Siyuan is close army picked cavalry " Zun Shejun " fight north and south on many fronts, of the confidential that is Li Siyuan will. Chastity of the later Liang dynasty bright 2 years (the Christian era 916 years) , be opposite with Zuo of Liu of general of the later Liang dynasty blast when be at war, li Cunxu encounters Liu Zuo sneak attack, be in extremely critical during, shi Jingtang relative ratio kisses ten times army rush to the rescue, remove after covering Li Cunxu, li Cunxu of after the event praises he is bold and powerful and martial, shi Jingtang from this reputation is far sow. Besides had saved Li Cunxu, shi Jingtang ever still had helped cause of his farther-in-law plum heir for many times, to the Later Tang Dynasty build it may be said to stand finished one's contributions in work.
The Later Tang Dynasty is the same as smooth the first year of an era or the reign of an emperor (the Christian era 923 years) , li Cunxu weighs the Supreme Being, it is to be Zhuang Zong of the Later Tang Dynasty, change the title of an emperor's reign to be the same as light. In Li Siyuan, Li Congke (Li Siyuan's foster son) , below the assistance of the valiant general such as Shi Jingtang, destroyed imperial clan of the later Liang dynasty, made the aspect of unify the whole country. Change because of civil strife arms after, li Siyuan replaces Li Cunxu to weigh the Supreme Being, it is to be the Later Tang Dynasty bright ancestor, shi Jingtang establishs have rendered great service to be sealed to be a river because of embracing east the section is spent make, manager of Ma Bujun of army of and other places of pluralistic Great Harmony, Zhen Wu, clear country, power a place of strategic importance, mastered a river east the stratocracy authority of ground of origin of this the Later Tang Dynasty. After Li Siyuan die in one's bed, its child Li Conghou accession, it is to be emperor of Min of the Later Tang Dynasty, li Congke starts mutiny after, replace Li Conghou accession, because die hind the date that do not have temple is called by later ages Tang Mo emperor. After Li Congke accession, although to Shi Jingtang this hand grasps the heavy official of military leadership to be on guard somewhat, but the heart that made a woman after all, be installed by Shi Jingtang feign clammy place be puzzled, cause calamity for the future. Shi Jingtang returns a river east hind, begin to be an arms rebellious make two tactics preparation, continue external single-handed malinger with paralytic Li Congke, skill asks for army provisions to Li Congke for Qidan in case.
Li Siyuan
Shi Jingtang is brought into play to hold the post of division of a surname state to spend in Li Congke after making, shi Jingtang maintains Li Congke to want do harm to at oneself, rip turn against thoroughly with Li Congke. Face Li Congke to common soldier press on the border, oneself isolates without aid when, the photograph of Shi Jingtang traitor is exposed without involuntary discharge of urine, send Sang Weihan ask for help of Deguang of law of Ye of emperor of Xiang Qi red, promise alienations 16 cities give deep and remote cloud Qidan, annual pay intribute cloth and silk 300 thousand, and with the country professes, pleasant identifies light of Ye law heart to be father emperor. Liu Zhiyuan of general of Shi Jingtang general (namely great-great-grandfather of the later Han dynasty) think such condition too abasement and not necessary, "Weigh me but, with father thing too over- , thick with Jin Bo Lu, self-sufficient send arms, need not make its earth field, day fearing different greatly of China suffer from, too late to repent " . Dan Shijing Tang thinks not to have a misgivings however, go up to become imperial will not grudge, admit smaller than oneself father emperor also is indifferent to Ye law De Guangwei of 11 years old. the Ye law De Guangdu that anxious inorganic issues south the meeting becomes aware " the sky dropped pasty " , send Bing Congyan door to close instantly south come down to save Shi Jingtang, defeat utterly the Later Tang Dynasty is legionary. The first year of an era or the reign of an emperor of blessing of day of the later han dynasty (the Christian era 936 years) November, distant too light of heart of Zong Ye law confers Shi Jingtang to be an emperor, blessing of day of change the designation of an imperial reign, dynasty title advance, shi Jingtang is located in Liu Lin namely then (today southeast Shanxi Taiyuan city) .
Ye law heart is smooth
The deep and remote cloud that is sent by photograph of Shi Jingtang submissively 16 cities, distributing the Heibei today and Shanxi north, it is deep and remote respectively (today Beijing) , setose thiste (today ferry thistle county) , sea (today between Heibei river) , not (today Heibei Ren Qiu) , Zhuo (today Heibei Zhuo county) , wingceltis (today Beijing close cloud) , arrange (, already was wided by place of government-owned office reservoir today) , Confucianism (today Beijing Yan Qing) , fierce (today Heibei announce is changed) , colourful (today Shanxi clever grave) , the cloud (today Shanxi Great Harmony) , should (today Shanxi answer county) , extensive region (today Shanxi. These territory are the Great Wall with the strategic area south, sea among them, Mo Erzhou already went to Heibei deep hinterland counts a hunderd li, once fall, what mean Central Plains is big territory not only is missing, more serious is, political power does not have the hostility of northward to male crouch, eye covetously to be able to be prevented nearly again, cavalry of introduced from the northern and western nationalities or from abroad person can drive straight in to Central Plains, naxiaqianli arrives directly at the Huanghe valley, protective screen of any natural military affairs are not had among, brought heavy disaster to later ages. In the meantime, as a result of swallow cloud area farming agrarian economy and northward nomadism economy were formed benign and complementary, the society that also promoted northward political power greatly develops, also more the formidable adversary that becomes Central Plains dynasty. In after this at least 400 years a destiny that changed Central Plains dynasty directly, till 16 cities just return deep and remote cloud when Ming Dynasty China big family.
The deep and remote cloud with strategic very significant position 16 cities
Those who regard the later han dynasty as one country advocate, shi Jingtang suppresses common people with cruel criminal lawcorporal punishment internally after the emperor, the penalty that bring to bear on also is a few horrible way more, if cut a tongue, nose of person dismemberment, fill, put in the evaporate in boiler to boil etc; Be without the Jun Zhizun of one country to Qidan host, xenial to great kindness of disdainful Qidan emissary, genuflect ground is done obeisance to suffer Qidan advocate Ye law heart instructs solely imperial order, it may be said is shameless do not have case again. Stone respects Tang old age particularly jealousy, do not be fond of person person, full-time eunuch, bring about official to punish corruption, chao Gang is disorder, down to civilian complains rise from all directions. Nomadism is in wild goose door the ministry of the muddy that spit cereal with north, because do not wish surrender Qidan, cacique Bai Chengfu takes a person to escape to the river east, liuzhi of submit to the authority of another is far. Day blessing 7 years (the Christian era 942 years of) , qidan sends the vessel that makes ask the muddy that spit cereal, shi Jingtang both neither dare displease a hand to grasp the Liu Zhiyuan of a large number of forces, dare not displease more " father emperor " Ye law De Guang, final melancholy becomes pain, before long hind gone in abasement, when. The person that succession gives after dying left one caboodle an awful mess, after son stone weighs expensive succession, only the general that 4 years the later han dynasty is fallen by betray and Qidan destroy together.
Shi Chonggui
Mention Shi Jingtang, on the history many with " puppet emperor " , " quisling " say, for common people place not shame. Yuan classics of Chu Mingru Hao ever evaluated Shi Jingtang: "Say I breathe out father ancient place is not had, shi Lang has involuntary discharge of urine up to now smelly " , does Cai Dongfan of fictionist of latter-day and famous historical novel have character: ? Unplug of of Lu of of extensive of insane of of Dan of of Gu of ┢ of ┦ consult aning enclosure for storing grain conceives mark of shoot a glance at does barren of of caries of of ⑺ of fall forward of of of Wei Wenqian Guo of of Jia of of salt of sew of of annulus of certain figured woven silk material standing tall and upright falling into oblivion exemplary does of unreal of of uglying of bad cut heart relegate a high official to a minor post in an outlying district?
Somebody is not the Han nationality with Shi Jingtang now for, reverse a verdict for Shi Jingtang, think he does not say to go up traitor, the author thinks this view have not a leg to stand on. Traitor, point out the scum of a community that sells the Han nationality the interest formerly, hind extend the meaning is not had to betray blame of Chinese go over to the enemy but the person of condone, not merely the Han nationality of be confined to. The generally refer to below big much case betrays the Chinese nation, aggressor of go and seek refuge with sb, act as its flunky, sell the scum of a community of Chinese country and ethical interest, also namely the Chinese of collaborate or betray one's country. " demit sea " is the explanation: ? Steel of brown of location of of Bo of Fei of Mi Mo of bully negative crane thanks of guest of Da Lu calf holding sb in respectful awe to send of Kuo of of stalk of of the name of a river in Anhui Province of Zhi of neon of Lu city bilges Na of holding sb in respectful awe is planted thin I of graceful excuse me of adept of of of E of Hou of Ju of discharge , 7000 account of sanded Tuo ministry put in Tibetan regime in ancient China 's charge, ministry of sanded Tuo of the change after Tibetan regime in ancient China comes Gan Zhou (control a seat today the Gansu Province piece assist county) , answer Gu to take cool administrative division later (control a seat today) of county of Wu Wei of the Gansu Province, chieftain of Tibetan regime in ancient China suspects Sha Tuo in the dark with the collude that answer Gu, preparative change sanded Tuo comes the Yellow River with boreal area. Sanded Tuo clansman is this special fear, sanded Tuo chieftain is used up faithful rather child Zhu Xie hold appropriate discusses, hold does appropriate say: ? Unplug? of rudder of You of Hou of Pan of of Jia of formic Yan of suddenly of slash of shoot a glance at of firm of short for the Yihe River is located in today southeast former county of solid of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) return oneself, do not heal at become extinct? " this shows, from Tang Chao only then, sanded Tuo clansman considers as Tang Chaozi oneself civilian, also can say Sha Tuo a group of things with common features is Tang Chao has a minority. Radicals by which characters are arranged in traditional Chinese dictionaries of Zhu Xie of Tang Mo sanded Tuo gets Zhu Xie have rendered great service of Chi Xinping betray is granted to surname for plum, stone surname of Shi Jingtang also is what Tang Chao grants. The Five Dynasties besides the later Liang dynasty, 4 political power all are the Later Tang Dynasty, the later han dynasty, the later Han dynasty, north Chinese place of later generations of Sha Tuo a group of things with common features is built. The sanded Tuo person of this one period is finished already basically Chinese change, especially superstratum of sanded Tuo noble is gubernatorial, for firm its political power, finished oneself early Chinese change, blend in Central Plains culture actively. Clansman of right now sanded Tuo, it is the component of nation of an ancient name for China already. Accordingly, respecting Tang with stone is Sha Tuo its are being denied for clansman is traitor says, cannot hold water.
The figure of sanded Tuo person in Tang Dynasty Gu Hua
Not only later ages despises to Shi Jingtang's doing, with respect to Lian Jiji nephew also be ashamed at to it associate with. Shi Jingtang is in get a severe disease during be dying, feng Dao of will junior prime minister in feudal China of resign to of Shi Chongrui of one's own son, but the succession of nephew Shi Chonggui that army of the later han dynasty supports Shi Jingtang. Shi Chonggui is advance gives the Supreme Being, he does not have his uncle apparently shameless in that way, the grandchildren that is not willing to become Qidan person, weigh me to Qidan only. Light of Ye law heart resents greatly, stone weighs support of army of expensive rely on, he is strong responded to Qidan, the Qidan person that a Central Plains gives orders in the meantime is killed entirely, break off a friendship from this two countries. Light of Ye law heart leads Qidan army in person in a large-scale south below, to this indocile Sun Huang emperor launchs attack, clique arms meets Jin Jun head-on, defeat the aggression of Qidan arms for many times.
Also somebody thinks, after Shi Jingtang builds the later han dynasty, ceng Yi spends inflict cheap politics, suffer abasement in an attempt to to put oneself, rehabilitate in order to install civilian, make Central Plains people was obtained for a time god-given stable, reason is on the whole result had been more than. The author thinks, this one viewpoint is nearsightedness and one-sided. The Five Dynasties is troubled times originally, brother of father and son cruellies kill each other, assuming and incestuous all common already, the Later Tang Dynasty that serve of Shi Jingtang place crosses 3 surnames in 4 emperors, with respect to two the fall out between occurrence brother is seized into enemy, Xing Bing circumstance. But from Tang Chao evening exist in name only uprises to yellow mew, arrive again after the Five Dynasties bridge, the Later Tang Dynasty, the contention between political power still is belonged to merely fight inside civil strife, northward Qidan political power is right south next aggressive Central Plains still scruple somewhat. But Cong Shijing Tang only then, be round monarch dream and open Central Plains door to Qidan hole, kept great disaster to later ages, and its be in power does not spend time 6 years, with deep and remote cloud 16 cities are cavalried by north devastate is compared 400 years, not worth to be carried simply. Besides does not have Shi Jingtang, still be lord of Li Jingtang, Zhang Jingtang, common people is euqally OK rehabilitate, just others can be become like his pleasant puppet emperor, quisling very it's hard to say. If say to be in troubled times of the Five Dynasties, censure Shi Jingtang " the interest of buy country people at disregarding " , it is exorbitant to its requirement, so the cruel oppression of the people that criticises its send Qidan person cruelty northward common people submissively is ruling under, inbreak to fall more than 400 years south a Qidan, Nuuzhen, the Monggol nationality later Central Plains created very advantageous condition, be appropriate.
Qidan person
Also somebody thinks, stone respects the puppet emperor that Tang claims Ye law heart is smooth, say from position in the family hierarchy and do not have too big question, reason is the son-in-law that Shi Jingtang is Li Siyuan, and Li Siyuan is the foster son that Li Ke uses, and Li Ke is used ever protected machine knot to be brother with the father A of Ye law De Guang. Respect accusation of Tang wash out for stone with such reason, really comical. Li Ke is used protect machine union brother with A, it is each takes what he needs stopped nevertheless, without any kin but character. More crucial is, the association between country and country, who is how could uses the position in the family hierarchy of gens to decide father emperor who is puppet emperor? How according to this logic, northen Song Dynasty and distant country concluded the alliance of Chan deep, each other weighs brotherly country, song Zhen an administrative unit in Xizang and distant the succession of holy an administrative unit in Xizang person, once position in the family hierarchy differs, whether to also want with do emperor and father emperor each other say?
Tangmo Tang Dynasty military govenor sets up a separatist regime by force of arms to already became normal state
But the word says again, the gubernatorial corruption of an ancient name for China of Tang Chao last years of a dynasty or reign is incompetent, debauched and excessive, bring about domestic trouble and foreign invasion, tang Dynasty military govenor sets up a separatist regime by force of arms, the masses have no means to live, person of the Han nationality is sufferred from the Tang Dynasty regnant long already, tang Di country enrages number to already was used up. In domestic trouble and foreign invasion during, tang Chao is forced to what can sign war of be apt to Sha Tuo a group of things with common features seeks military strength to assist, this also gives Sha Tuo a group of things with common features to enter advocate Central Plains offerred superexcellent opportunity. Nevertheless, feudal dynasty is ceaseless alternate, "You are sung I come on stage " , in continual dispute, more it is the dynasty is promoted for, the idea of country and nation is not great, the concept of the Chinese nation is to clear minor details ability puts forward formally more, respect Tang to stone so and character, appear with a fierce and powerful person in troubled times, dream of the monarch that it is a circle nots hesitate seller begs flourish, pleasant is become puppet emperor, also not be not understandable. Least of all but of oversight is, the dynasty promotes a common people to get happiness, the dynasty declines a common people get disaster, those who live in misery is common people of the common people forever.
