Utopian country is in a disorder in, the economy of whole society is in the condition that breaks down completely, the factory closes down, worker unemployment, people is at a loss what to do. This moment, the government decides build is communal project, 200 people dug employ very large hole. When employing 200 people digging pit, need sends 200 shovel; When sending shovel, the company go into operation that produces shovel, the business that produces iron and steel also began to work; When sending shovel, return so that send salary to the worker, at this moment food consumption industry also grows rose. Pass digging pit, drove the consumption of whole countryman economy. Large hole has been dug eventually, the government employs 200 people to had filled this large hole again, need 200 shovel again so... such, flat market eventually little anabiosised. After economy restores, the government passes taxation, repaid the bond that issues when digging pit, everything restores as usual again.
This famous economics is allegorical " digging pit " , originate a composing of British economist Keynesia " obtain employment, accrual and monetary a well-rounded argument " , keynesia gave governmental intervention theory through this allegorical extend the meaning.
Well-known, in the western economy academia before Keynesia, people accepts the notion of the classical school that is a delegate with Adam · Si Mi generally, in the market economy that competes in freedom namely, the part that the government acts an extremely simple passivity only -- " night watchman " . Always fall in action of market economy mechanism, support market can obtain more efficient job, should not let a government do. National orgnaization carries out a few essential main tasks merely, if protect private property to be not encroached, but never have a hand in economy to move directly.
However, increasingly giant economic system hard to avoid can appear the phenomenon with a few abnormal movement, when this kind of abnormal phenomenon by broaden the scope, with respect to the life that can affect people, affect the rapid development of whole economic system. At this moment, the height that the government will stand in popular interest and progress of whole country economy appears personally harmonious. Economist graceful elder brother will summary is: The government can improve market result in proper time.
The fact proves, the market economy of free competition brought about serious money not all, create economy thereby periodic tremendous concussion, social contradiction is acerb. 1929~1933 year fulminant global economy crisis is the result that malpractice of liberal economy creed erupts. Accordingly, the person that it is governmental intervention creed of the representing with Keynesia rises to surface. They put forward, one of modern market economy stresses a feature, it is the government is acted merely no longer " night watchman " part, want to act as however " the hand that sees so that see " . The government must be balanced and adjust economy moves in problem of occurrence gross structure sex, this is governmental intervention theory.
The government intervenes main task of economy is: Maintain economic gross balance, control inflation, promote great economy structure to optimize, implementation economic stability grows. The main measure of adjusting control has the price, taxation, credit, exchange rate to wait.
Tell from economics angle, macroscopical adjusting control is macroscopical economic policy, that is to say the government can improve market result in proper time. People says, market itself is the hand that loses sight of only, so why does economy still need governmental adjusting control? Because of the market this hand is again great, also cannot leave governmental protection from beginning to end. Had a government the safeguard of macroscopical economic policy, market ability moves effectively. Tell from other side, although the market is the main organization means of economic activity, but also can appear the circumstance that itself of a few markets cannot deploy resource effectively, economist calls his " the market is out of order " . Of course, the government can improve market result sometimes is not to say it always is can adjusting control market. That when can adjusting control, when cannot? This judges what kind of government policy to be able to promote benign loop of economy below what circumstance with respect to the economics principle that needs people to use macroscopical adjusting control, form the economic system of effective justice, and when macroscopical adjusting control cannot achieve established goal again.
