Introduction
In the project, safety is the first forever.
How does differ foot step into the safe trap in the project? Look together.
Common fault of 27 common quality
1, picket body ruptures
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) have comprehensive examination to picket body quality, the external diameter that measures tubal picket, wall the concerned dimension such as flexibility of body of thick, picket, record in detail, discover picket body bends to set more than or picket needle is absent picket x-axis on-line is unfavorable use.
(2) the picket of 300~400mm of external diameter tubal stake folds a layer to should not be more than 5, the edge is perpendicular install 2 stow-wood on the ground of length direction, stow-wood is located in the end that occupy picket respectively good qualities of 0.21 times picket, rock-bottom most outside should be in stow-wood place to use chock a place of strategic importance to tighten along tubal picket roll in case. Tubal picket achieves a design intensity can remove condole 70% times, achieve 100% to be able to be carried reach pile.
(3) picket is answered before construction the fraise below undertakes clearing, be opposite when necessary every picket use method of drill rod explore to find out.
(4) should assure construction site level is substantial. Have catchment measure, machine letting picket walks or apply dozen of process airframe smooth not rock.
(5) if discover picket is not perpendicular,should correct in time in firm stake process, when picket pressing happens to tilt badly into certain deepness, unfavorable use move wear a method to come corrective, fluctuation should assure when receiving stake two picket are on same axes, contact is in should strict according to operating rules.
(6) excavate of cubic meter of earth should edge picket periphery is statified and even undertake, prevent earthy system lateral pressure to bring about picket body to rupture.
(7) bury when the foundation deep bigger when, picket body integrality detects should be in base hole excavate comes undertake after base elevation.
2, band muscle not Founder, shape dimension forbids
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) predefine expects length adjusts a value below all sorts of appearance reinforcing steel bar, it is good that according to reinforcing steel bar the turn makes angle and diameter of reinforcing steel bar decide pull be apart from size.
(2) when curving many band muscle, need to be folded in the turn place chase a root to be opposite neat.
3, construction of connect of reinforcing steel bar of rolling straight whorl is non-standard
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) mechanical equipment condition should be inspected above all before reinforcing steel bar is machined, change in time unqualified cutting tool; After appoint person specially assigned for a task to check and handling cut of unqualified reinforcing steel bar, reassign boils plunge into treatment.
(2) deploy via detecting eligible pitching moment spanner, make good construction and quality technology put all one's card on the table.
(3) the appropriate of reinforcing steel bar that the diameter is not less than 30mm uses cut machine cut.
4, ladder board stays seam the position to have by accident
Measure of prevention and cure
Stair ladder paragraph construction seams a setting to be in ladder paragraph board inside the 1/3 limits of span end ministry.
5, reinforcing steel bar of solid of anchor of body of build by laying bricks or stones is insufficient, setting of tectonic column, girth does not reach the designated position
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) the construction method that anchorage solid reinforcing steel bar should determine before construction, draw the position of knot reinforcing steel bar certainly according to the modulus of body of build by laying bricks or stones,
(2) use method of construction of chemical establish muscle, the beard is clear anchorage firm force, bury set deepness, raw material to ask to wait, if the design did not put forward to ask to play knot reinforcing steel bar,embedded deepness should not be less than 10d; The dirt inside aperture should clear clean (usable pneumatics machine) ; Establish muscle notes glue to need to use special tool (press force grouting automatically for hand-held commonly implement) , the muscle that help a tie slowly rotate insert establish muscle aperture, the edge inserts edge certain way turns for many times, in order to make establish muscle glue and play the muscle that receive a form and fact of prison of felt of surface of concrete hole wall, undertake by the requirement drawing of reinforcing steel bar examines, ensure anchor of reinforcing steel bar originallies quality.
(3) the wall is long when exceeding 4m, need to set ferroconcrete construction post; The wall is excellent when crossing 4m, half tall appropriate installs wall body to join with column and edge wall is full-length the ferroconcrete level bow sill of be well versed in.
6, body of build by laying bricks or stones and concrete structure are seamed and body of build by laying bricks or stones opens groove to be in craze
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) fill wall and bearing the sky between main body structure (seam) construction of unoccupied place place, answer to undertake after fill wall build by laying bricks or stones builds 14d; Appropriate opening slot is used curium groovy machine.
(2) 1 ︰ is used ahead of schedule after body of build by laying bricks or stones and aperture of concrete structure have a common boundary and body of build by laying bricks or stones open groovy line canal to secure 2.5 cement mortar is wiped smooth,
(3) body of build by laying bricks or stones and aperture of concrete structure have a common boundary, wide the line chamfer appropriate for 50 ～ 100mm is added hang armor plate net (or with 1 ︰ water of the mix into inside 1 cement mortar weighs 20% white emulsion cloth of reseau of fibre glass of stickup alkali resistance) strengthen the wall inside heel.
(4) line chamfer deepness exceeds 35mm to divide second plasterer. After appropriate of above of 50mm of line chamfer deepness uses stuff of fine earth concrete, reoccupy 2.5 cement mortar wipes 1 ︰ smooth.
(5) span of the face of the wall outside line canal and plasterer that finish is not less than 15mm.
7, basement motherboard craze, leakage
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) pump sends surface of large volume concrete grout thicker, reason irrigates the beard after building an end to be ground with iron platen before coagulating first press several times, and burnish squeezing ramming, prevent concrete surface occurrence shrinkage crack.
(2) can adopt irrigate after belt be in obligate tongue-and-groove chamfer or use bury armor plate of shut-off of water and shut-off of water beforehand the method prevents the place leakage.
(3) concrete is irrigated good precipitation step is made before building, subterranean water level should fall to motherboard the following 500mm.
(4) the waterproof that waterproof layer should choose quality qualification outside motherboard; Of waterproof layer connect build receive length to reach build receive a method to should accord with construction craft requirement; The finished product of waterproof layer outside been do answers to protect when motherboard construction.
8, parapet root ministry is slack
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) when layer of construction roofing make level and rigid and waterproof layer, have sex in parapet be in the cent case that should take 30mm to seam, in seaming, embed fill flexible and sealed cream.
(2) the shade horn pink of parapet root ministry becomes circular arc, when parapet height is more than 800mm, want to leave groove, roll upright ministry should cut material into parts to press obligate groove together inside, clench hind uses cement mortar or sealed material sets groove fill tight. Parapet height under 800mm when, roll direct shop sticks material termination to parapet end face, redo ferroconcrete presses a top.
9, craze of roofing flashing place, leakage
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) appropriate sets a ferroconcrete to turn over bridge in roofing parapet, the 150mm of the face that finish of roofing of bridge face prep above, liang Kuan and parapet ply are equal, turn over bridge and roof boarding to be irrigated at the same time build.
(2) roofing and parapet have sex place do circular arc. 1) waterproof layer is done toward parapet wall body tall do not be less than 250mm. 2) stay at make level layer and facing from parapet face 200mm full-length and adjustable seam. 3) be apart from place of parapet face 200mm to stay full-length and adjustable when seaming, should avoid adjustable seam stay inside barrel-drain.
(3) before waterproof construction, should careful consideration roofing each ply, and the gradient according to roofing, the lowermost height of the flashing of the place such as ministry of root of computational parapet, conduit, doorsill. When waterproof construction, the height that avoids flashing asks under the standard.
10, roll material is waterproof the beat since the layer, felt is not firm
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) make level layer should level off.
(2) roll before material shop is stuck, should clear seriously basic level, sweep float ash, impurity to wait.
(3) make level layer should dry, usable and simple and easy method examines, get on the dry shop of 1m2 material evenness at make level layer, quiet place is lifted after 3 ～ 4h, enclothe place and roll water all did not see on material can.
(4) the besmear of adhesive is brushed should agree equably, must not heavy panel is too thin perhaps, when fat of the base of a fruit of the Ma that use heat, its besmear brushs ply appropriate to be 1 ～ 1.5mm, when using fat of cold Ma the base of a fruit, its besmear brushs ply appropriate to be 0.5 ～ 1mm. When using other adhesive, answer to decide according to its function good besmear brushs the time interval that sticks with the shop, must not premature or too late.
(5) roll when material shop is stuck, must the air below to erase, boil pressure close-grained. Also can use stick, the dot is stuck, the method of empty shop, ensure exhaust duct is expedite.
(6) a capable person that has heat-insulation layer is waterproof roofing project, even if beard setting traverses the air discharge duct that connect and the exhaust well that wear a waterproof layer.
11, sky of face of ground granite, floor tile board is roused
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) basic level should be handled clean thoroughly, rinse clean with water, next air comes without seeper till.
(2) the mortar that combines a layer should be patted solid, knead wool of smooth, rub.
(3) before face plate shop is stuck, the air after answering to immerse board face, follow along with the shop brush a grout, after fixed position, will board piece even tat squeezing ramming.
(4) when the shop is stuck board with board between leave 0.5mm wide gap, when encountering the local sky such as edge, horn to rouse, oar of usable cement water repairs empty beat along the method that seams affusion slop, avoid to remove a brick.
(5) after the 24h after the shop is stuck, medicinal powder water conserve, conserve 7d above.
12, branch squares formed by crossed lines is seamed non-standard
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) branch squares formed by crossed lines data should have been chosen, use batten less, appropriate is used plastic with glass; A brief informal note must be arranged straight, ply and width are unified (general thick for 3~5mm, wide for 12~20mm) , bottom should cut corner.
(2) should draw a line to wall, column, play a transverse level to divide division line or vertical stroke to line of perpendicular branch squares formed by crossed lines; The level divides case should stick commonly (stick) in horizontal below, perpendicular branch squares formed by crossed lines should stick in perpendicular on the right side of; Branch squares formed by crossed lines start and terminal fluctuation left and right sides should agree.
(3) branch squares formed by crossed lines have fixed cent case with take out minute of case two kinds, glass as plastic as sunken form a cent case that does not take out to secure.
(4) branch squares formed by crossed lines the time that takes out and method have two kinds commonly: It is minute of case after be being secured with cement mortar, the ability after waiting for mortar to achieve particular strength takes out minute of case; 2 it is minute of case after be being secured with cement mortar, wiped facing that day (grey) of the face that wipe a cover, wait after pressing light or crab wool, should will divide case on cement mortar clear clean down, can take out minute of case.
(5) branch squares formed by crossed lines is seamed (point to take out minute of case) must embed with grout close-grained; Brush black Qi Shi, applied art pen will seam bottom Tu Hei, cannot pollute hem, can produce visual difference otherwise, divide case to seam it seems that not flat.
13, water of window frame ooze, sealed quality is bad
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) in the window transom place should install manger, of casing of in any case intersect place, should note on silicon ketone fluid sealant, appear screw head also should be above its note a fluid sealant; By the design the requirement chooses sealed material.
(2) window frame and facing have sex be in not close-grained place to note fluid sealant of ketone of a silicon, when installing window frame, the clearance between window frame and structure should wad is thick.
(3) windowsill face should extroversion catchment, extroversion tall difference is not less than 30mm, windowsill face acts the role of facing not to answer spilled water hole of prep above window frame. Go up form of mouth of eagle of window lintel make it or drop cistern.
(4) to make the seeper inside window frame eliminates as soon as possible, notch of door window sill should get 4mm × 20mm to make the same score bottom spilled water hole, meantime is apart from appropriate 600mm to control. Discharge water through alveolus to outdoor.
(5) the balata that falls off in construction should fill in time on, with balata sealed window shoulder should note glue in corner place, make its felt, sealed material appropriate uses window outboard silicon ketone fluid sealant of whole.
14, the dry material that hang stone is not firm; Juncture, embed seam inhomogenous
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) work before hanging marble or granite, should bury iron beforehand by the regulation in basic level beforehand.
(2) the norms size that hangs plank according to working, make choice of is perpendicular to the norms with structural frame of transverse composition steel and quality.
(3) on plank, issue two end to answer chamfer of accurate cut join two, install stainless steel to hang respectively join with its.
(4) embed solid fluid sealant strictly by the craft that make gum.
15, conduit bracket span is too big, conduit is local " collapse waist "
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) gradient and start elevation should be designed according to conduit before bracket is installed, among cipher out dot, terminal elevation, play fine line, the basis provides case of heat preservation of diameter, conduit, by " the wall is not made frame, hold firm corner in the palm, intermediate divide into equal parts, do not exceed the biggest " principle.
(2) bracket installation must make sure elevation, gradient is correct, smooth firm, as close together as conduit contact, must not have appearance of skew, warp; Bent conduit, shift needs before installation straight.
(3) the conduit after installation arises " collapse waist " , should demolish " collapse waist " conduit, add support, make its accord with design requirement.
16, valve bracket is short of break, the likelihood brings about cartridge igniter
Measure of prevention and cure
Two end must install horizontal conduit valve fixed bracket, have fixed protection effect.
17, the service pipe that bury the ground is slack
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) must choose qualification to be in charge of material, appliance and fittings; If have prefab canal paragraph, pipe fitting, should appropriate is custodial, prevent attaint, burst to bring about leakage.
(2) when cut is in charge of, cut must be made the same score neat, want clear to drop burr, flash, slaggy, once generation shrinks diameter, must have enlarge way.
(3) conduit installs interface must firm, close. Pipeline link uses threaded coupling, cover the stand or fall that makes whorl quality and conduit connective firm sex and close sex have immediate concern, cover silk must neat, and do not have fracture of wire, be short of the blemish such as silk; When service pipe installs a diameter to be more than the valve of 50mm on the road, all use flange to join; When installation, flange of speak or sing alternately should parallel, clearance wants even, spacer wants level, and cannot inside irruptive canal, also must not adjust flange clearance with double mat, when close solid bolt, want crossed across semmetry to undertake, cannot twist one bolt dead, tighten pressure should distributing even.
(4) installation of the service pipe that bury the ground ends, must have hydraulic test, besmear again after certificate of proof brush preservative coating, just allow next use.
(5) concealment pipe fittings does good protection, backfill ground basic level must tamp processing, had done protection of the conduit that bury the ground, covering layer does not get prep above to pay the level, someone needs when backfill earth the value is defended, hydraulic test is done again after concealmenting, if discovery is unqualified with leakage immediately till spot processing rehabilitate is eligible.
18, the fulgurite when the structure is buried beforehand swings a fixed position to forbid
Measure of prevention and cure
Before the structure buries conduit beforehand, be familiar with graph of construction of associated and electric, structure seriously first, make clear the position such as box of switch, electrical outlet, distribution, tag on construction graph bury coordinate dimension beforehand, have put all one's card on the table to team and group, fulgurite concealments when the examination strict according to beforehand one by one of established coordinate dimension checks; Canal of the line that wear bridge should consider the position of wall of later period build by laying bricks or stones beforehand, bury the line that wear bridge to be in charge of beforehand according to wall posture buy,
19, anticorrosive processing is not made before metallic fulgurite lays
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) metallic fulgurite should make anticorrosive processing. When be buried within concrete, the wall outside the canal can not make anticorrosive processing; The wall outside the steel tube that is buried at earthy layer directly should besmear twice bitumen; When using galvanization to be in charge of, galvanization layer flakes place should besmear anticorrosive lacquer.
(2) metallic canal must undertake anticorrosive processing before installation lays, after laying in order to prevent again anticorrosive handle and local do not reach the designated position.
20, bury fulgurite to jam beforehand
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) have inside canal of the examination before fulgurite lays without sundry.
(2) fulgurite lays after ending, answer to undertake nozzle in time be sealinged effectively blocking up. Should not use the content such as cement bag, clout, plastic film to seal a nozzle, should use seal of bundle of section, stopper, use bond solder seal when necessary. Mouth of inner tube of box, box uses galvanization iron sheet to seal box.
(3) so that wear a line,had added line case.
(4) fulgurite buries the microscope when concealmenting beforehand, value of person specially assigned for a task of the group when concrete irrigates is defended, earth builds form removal, bricklaying, stucco to decorate level to send value of person specially assigned for a task to defend, one by one undertakes be sealinged effectively blocking up to opening wide nozzle, discover damaged or jam fulgurite is handled in time.
21, the quality that fulgurite takes box, case is common problem
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) fulgurite takes case (box) Ying Shunzhi, should not tilt into box (box) .
(2) dark the large wall steel tube that match and box (box) join is used solder, box of nozzle appropriate tower above (box) wall 3 ～ 5mm, and lacquer of Tu Fang corrupt should fill after solder.
(3) bright match steel tube, thin profiled bar canal or dark distribute galvanization steel tube and case (box) join should use locknut or guard ring cap is secured, the appropriate of whorl tubal end that secures with locknut appears locknut 2 ～ 3 buckle. Additional, use method of this kind of join to still apply diametical 6mm round steel to make fulgurite and case (box) the ground connection bond between, bond is used solder, of two side solder length should not be less than 36mm, and undertake two sides solders. If galvanization fulgurite ground connection should use industrial siding,get stuck.
22, PVC fulgurite lays not firm or rupture
Measure of prevention and cure
Stick receive place to should be handled clean, the side outside bushing inside and join canal all wants to brush agglutinant besmear even, the 1.5 ～ that bushing length appropriate is tubal external diameter 3 times, the place of speak or sing alternately of canal and canal should be located in the center of bushing, the fulgurite after join just can move after adhesive solidify is being waited for after fulgurite is inserted; By the span of normative regulation the setting raises hanger to secure fulgurite.
23, raise hanger not to accord with a requirement
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) of goods of all blame galvanization raise, hanger, must first prefab, stiletto, anticorrosive end rear can install.
(2) , the line must be drawn before hanger is installed, assure to raise, the level of hanger, perpendicular.
(3) use mechanical cut and drill, must use the makings below gas cutting and starting a hole, after gas cutting must abrasion is all oxide, do anticorrosive protection.
24, wind canal manager and quality of the join that raise a canal are poor
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) go up in manager above all accurate underline starting a hole.
(2) mouth of the one aspect of the matter that raise a canal extends place of manager starting a hole to answer perpendicular.
(3) when connecting, bite buccal flange width to answer equal, bite a mouth to get power even.
25, wind canal is flexible take-over reach flange spacer material not to amount to mark
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) according to wind canal dimension of two port span has been adjusted flexible take-over length.
(2) the flange spacer that uses to place, flexible take-over the quality of material has strict control, what use must be not to burn material, check quality qualification to prove file, product to examine report, undertake ignition an experiment when necessary.
26, flexible and tracheal length train in excess specified length, have withdrawal without special connect, be out of line or use undeserved
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) the length of the tube that illume uses is not more than 1.2m, motivation does not exceed 0.8m with the length of tube, laid project quality should requirement of up to specification, in the turning of pipeline, set wiring case according to need, cannot replace with tube, among lead, fork joint should undertake inside lead box, should not go up in tube directly fork;
(2) can flinch metal conduit or other and flexible the join between conduit or electric equipment, appliance should use special contact; The metal is flexible and tracheal appear be out of line phenomenon, answer to be rectified and reform in time;
(3) work of good technology tell sb one's real intentions is done before construction, strength of parallel examination, go on a tour of inspection is enhanced in construction, the ground connection that ensures the metal is flexible and tracheal is reliable.
(4) cannot the metal flexible and tracheal the continue that makes ground connection is replaced, the metal is flexible and tracheal naturally oneself ground connection; And equipment, implemental metal crust is due appropriative ground connection protects a line, join with ground connection artery.
27, the area of cut of bond ground wire of metal conduit slants small, join is non-standard etc
Measure of prevention and cure
(1) the bond ground celestial being of metal conduit is gone against should use cupreous core soft wire, and cut area should not be less than 4mm2.
(2) when canal of galvanization electrical wiring uses silk to buckle join, should use special bond ground to get stuck.
7
Assemble type common quality common fault
1, design of condole spot position is unreasonable
Handle measure
(1) unreasonable to condole dot component exeunts.
(2) the requirement redesigns condole to choose the place.
2, prefab wallboard hoisting slants
Handle measure
(1) buy of corrective wall posture.
(2) construction unit strengthens the spot construction management, avoid to produce similar problem.
(3) inspect manage unit strengthens the spot to check supervisory work.
3, hoisting touchs caustic
Handle measure
(1) verticality of body of new examination wall, adjust fixed bolt, ensure the perpendicular stability of prefab wall body.
(2) position of close mouth mortar is new construction, ensure mortar is close-grained.
(3) construction unit strengthens spot hoisting to manage, normative hoisting, avoid action of cruel construction hoisting.
4, prefabricated components diagonal brace buries bolt to secure a dot to be short of beforehand break
Handle measure
(1) requirement construction unit chooses the place according to all blueprint is affirmatory securing and had made corresponding number, irrigating before building concrete, obligate of serious examination spot secures the quantity that orders a muscle and quality, both neither can is short of break, also cannot slant exceed bid.
(2) the test stop work for the day that inspect manage unit and department of Party A engineering want to strengthen this position is made.
5, prefabricated components reinforcing steel bar slants
Precautionary measures
Locate with reinforcing steel bar according to component part number casing undertakes spacing, use appropriately maintain muscle to prop up casing of reinforcing steel bar, in order to make sure position of reinforcing steel bar is exact.
Concrete is irrigated build after ending, arrange graph and spot component foul line or control line according to inserting muscle plane, insert muscle to undertake component part of post of spot obligate fence inserts muscle to have central position review a case in which a death sentence has been passed by a lower court to obligate, insert muscle to should undertake according to blueprint to what central position deviation exceeds 10mm proper corrective.
6, heal mortar is overmuch
Handle measure
(1) adopt afresh seal a measure, after declaring processing program examine and verify of department of engineering of inspect manage, Party A to pass, carry out.
(2) requirement construction unit strengthens spot management, forbidden close mouth mortar brings about quality of form a vesicle to cannot assure too much.
(3) the technology is normative related perfect NPC, place of mortar of mortar of the ply of mortar, close to close mouth mouth occupies the relevant index such as bulk scale to must have specific provision, so that spot examination checks and accept normative basis.
7, lack tectonic tongue-and-groove
Precautionary measures
(1) make tongue-and-groove pattern according to blueprint paper, 90mm of coping of setting of basis big master drawing is wide, bottom 100mm is wide, the echelon tongue-and-groove with tall 50mm, form 10mm brae, convenient form removal.
(2) accurate on stage model play pattern plate line, install pattern plate according to playing a line.
(3) after pattern plate installation is finished, should ensure not to happen in construction subsequently be out of shape.
