Life drinking water should have good outward appearance commonly, appropriate chemistry, do not endanger health. Formulate of each national capital has water quality standard for drinking water in order to ensure human body health, use parameter of following water quality.
Physical exterior parameter has turbidity, color, smelly with flavour. The exterior of water should satisfy the person's sense, if chroma does not exceed 15 degrees of platinic cobaltic units, turbidity wait under 5 degrees. Because the major bacterium in water and virus adhere to,be on suspension grain, bacterium and virus decreased while turbidity is reduced, improved the wholesome quality of water, reason incline to is less than 0.1 degrees at setting turbidity, chroma is less than 3 degrees.
Chemical parameter has activator of surface of PH value, hardness, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, phenolic, anion to wait. The stability of the PH value of water and water quality and caustic about. The hardness of water basically is caused by calcium and magnesian salt, content is exorbitant do not apply to catharsis and boiler, with exceeding 150 milligram / it is advisable to rise calcium carbonate. Contain iron, manganese the implements that exorbitant meeting makes be contacted with water (wait like the dress, sanitary equipment) with industrial product (wait like paper, cloth) occurrence black or brown stain, content of iron, manganese connects convention to must not exceed 0.3 milligram surely / litre. The content such as copper, zinc, phenol is restricted to be worth more than, generation peculiar smell. The exterior activator in the synthetic detergent will make water gives birth to bubble easily.
Bacterial parameter also weighs the wholesome parameter of water. Have bacterial gross, coliform group with the rest chloric. Water is cholera, typhoid fever, dysenteric the agency that waits for contagion, its pathogen enters source of water along with the patient's excrement and urine. Coliform group parameter can mirror person dung pollution, because a large number of coliform organisms are contained in person dung. The rest is chloric chloric quantity of the dissociate in showing water, can have antiseptic effect. Water works goes water in beyond chloric too low when the wholesome character the running water in can't assuring service pipe network; Exorbitant when criterion water will take peculiar smell, maintain commonly in 0.1 milligram / litre.
In water of parameter of poisonous a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties certain solution substance, although density is very low,also have harm effect to human body. Heavy metal basically is in inorganic solute (specific gravity is more than the metal of 5, wait like cadmium, chromic, lead, mercury) , still have a few metalloid (wait like arsenic, cyanogen, fluorine) , chroma each are finite value, do not exceed 1 milligram / litre. Compound of a few chloric basically is in organic solute (be like DDT, 666 etc) , although density is very low (constant with Ppb plan) also can cause cancer, send dash forward or send abnormal. In water standard, organic material has what be parameter with compound; Also have those who use integrated parameter, be like total organic carbon.
If drinking water is planted because of some of material intervene and bring about its the change of the respect character such as physics, chemical, biology or radioactivity, use effectively with respect to what can affect drinking water, endanger human body health. Drinking water pollutes cent to be chemical pollution, physics pollution and biology pollution. Chemical pollution points to heavy metal (mercuric, cadmium, palladium, chromium) , inorganic is metalloid (arsenic, fluorine) , acerbity, alkaline exceed bid with organic contaminant; Physical pollution points to chroma, turbidity to wait exceed bid; Biology pollution basically points to bacterium, pathogen, virus to wait exceed bid. Drinking water affects human body health directly, great majority drinking water originates surface water and groundwater. According to investigation of World Health Organization, the whole world has the population of 1/3 to lack the safe drinking water that accords with wholesome standard, 80% what seize global mankind illness as a result of the disease that water pollution causes.
Drinking water pollution basically originates two respects. On one hand, to getting contaminative source of water, traditional urban tap water handles technology cannot the contaminant in complete purify water, especially poisonous and harmful material. On the other hand, chloric the new pollution source that the main antiseptic in regarding tap water tradition as clean water craft is becoming water: Chloric have strong oxidisability, it can destroy the nutrient material in food, and the ionic balance inside block up human body; Chloric with the phenol in water kind reaction makes chloric phenol, it has stink of intense raw meat or fish; Chloric with organic matter reaction creates the carcinogenic substance such as 3 bittern firedamp and acid of 3 bittern second in water; Chloric have to the skin of human body and eye conjunctiva stimulate and damage action badly. In addition, tap water carries the process to the user through endless conduit in, the lead that contains in conduit dissolves in water, added harmful substance; In the process that tap water stores in the container such as cistern of such as housetop, cause extremely easily microbial, these form drinking water 2 times to pollute.
The article is achieved formerly for database of Chinese big encyclopedia, reprint beard accredit.
