Author brief introduction: Doctor of Zhu Xiaohuang economics, chinese act law learns chairman of seminar of financial law action.
The Chinese handles money, be in ambiguous and troubled condition all the time. Or inspect fortune to be great scourges, or excessive to fortune greedy, by hook and crook, or inspect fortune to be muck, do one's utmost bounds of make a clear distinction. Actually, fortune is fortune, be born because of the person, develop because of the society and accumulate, it is a kind of objective existence, had been indifferent to with bad, blame and evil, it brings a person effectiveness, it is OK inheritance, it satisfies the requirement that people lives, it is representing progress and progress. Fortune lives besides the material that affects people directly state, affect the humanitarian feelings of people deeply also. Look from the angle that uses money, actually goodness is for oneself one of the heart is touched, generosity is for a of own heart bold and generous, almsgiving is for that a bit warmth of own heart, consideration is for oneself that attentive. But the one part that the humanitarian feelings of such is money living actually, cannot have money, have exalted feelings very hard. All sorts of desire impulse and money end and take for this action are so-called economy activity, economy is the process of interest of human pursuit money and result. Economic life is the implementation process of all sorts of money lusts, also be all sorts of money lusts make judge process, alleged make judge be a desire is right strong. The money lust of one part person should accommodate the money lust of others.
The money that says here, the first, it is the corporeal fortune below specific legislation or economic environment, is not the fortune that a common culture decides. It is used effectively above all, can satisfy the requirement of people. Bullion gem has adornment and industrial use, house property has living effect, artwork and antique have aesthetic intention, such a variety of.
The 2nd, moral consensus place allows it. Effectiveness does not have stand or fall, use the category that belongs to fortune effectively, but it gets even the tie of social law and moral consensus. Social law and moral consensus place cannot allow, accumulate the repellent thing in the process in human culture namely, use the category that also does not belong to fortune effectively. Resemble drugs, to dope use effectively, but what this does not accept for human civilization and approbate.
The 3rd, fortune is but inheritance, preservable. Average person can not inspect running stores for fortune, wait for a necessaries of life like food, dress for instance. But the thing that inheritance can save for a long time, for instance gold jewelry, house property, bore the weight of contented people future gives birth to the function that lives the material that reachs life improvement and cultural life, this ability is the fortune on common sense.
The 4th, money is full of value to induct action. For example, artwork, house property can at that time socially alleged and redundant fortune value and capital are inducted, the value of these things and price, concern with economic growth rate, can remove certain adjustment action. When the society needs capital, through trading it is changed into capital again, circumfluence arrives in economic system, satisfy the need that the society admits. Resemble laky and same, jiang He lacks water, it can be bit more compensatory, river river water is much, it can be inducted a few.
The 5th, fortune handles an issue, fortune itself is done not have absolutely with negative, be with blame, right the attribute with the fault, see you apply in where. Apply those who suffer an idea to be like morality to control or influence, apply undeserved can cause social morality probably critically.
Home the bias about fortune, originate more the fortune origin, undeserved sex that accumulate and uses and immoral. Rich 2 generation, official the notoriety of 2 generation, result from more or less fortune is accumulated and apply by hook and crook, do not decorate border, override oneself on social morality and law by right of fortune, become society and public opinion " public enemy " . alleged water can carry a boat, can Fu boat, fortune is applied proper, can improve the life, stimulative economy grows, conversely, can destroy social order, block up economy grows.
Public money is the mainest fortune idea
In the idea of compatriots, not only fortune view is short of break, lack the sense of public money more, highlight expression to be in:
It is will public money and correlation of photograph of system of ownership, simple will public money is equal at state ownership. Actually, alleged state ownership, it is the legal frame with attributive property right of property of a society, its more is to show public authority orgnaization is opposite the society the collection of wealth of society, get design with distributive law, of the corporeal system that is not a wealth of society form, find a place for or layout, public property does not make a society necessarily public money, public money has the law of its oneself and economically feature. Accordingly, cannot replace the concept of public money with state ownership idea.
2 be disregard public money accumulate. Of all ages, it is stress public money have. Review the Ming Dynasty in the past and quiet day a little, also have a few public money, be similar to and so on of path of royal gardens, official, dak, but these public facilities and people have nothing to do, the public cannot be enjoyed apply, so this is not accumulated public money, however public right is right of fortune have.
Actually, normal society emphasizes the construction of public money and inheritance more. So called construction, it is to say this fortune is for descendants a thousand years the use of 10 thousand generation, for the society progress of development, mankind develops effectiveness continuously. And the inheritance of fortune, it is to say to want to acting border transfers a function, its configuration agrees with long-standing, flimsy and perishable thing goes against inheritance, do not make the public money that we say. Accordingly, fortune has constructive and can inheritance, ability makes wealth of society.
Welfare is very serious public money
Why to say welfare is public money? Although in the life on political meaning equality, but have in the ability of actual go-between have high low, domestic background difference is very big, live level of condition, morality also widely different, however, from fairness just civilized principle sets out, these cannot become a certain person to cannot have the reason that dignity lives. There is inevitability in difference of market society the rich and the poor, but the person that the society should be poverty creates a condition, improvement lives condition, this has all sorts of public money such as effective welfare system with respect to need. Make up for the inadequacy of individual fortune with public money, ability promotes the pervasive development of whole society and progress, implementation society is overall and just.
For instance with Gao Fuli's celebrated Europe, economy and social development are promoted through plundering money comes in rise process, accumulated best manufacturing tool to train best worker, be in thereby quite long inside the core that makes hypostatic economy. In the process that develops in this, europe built a more and more perfect social welfare system, individual to driving the function with arrived better since as collective as social progress progress. But now, european economy is done not have so active, these people should be fed below tall welfare system, added long-term Gao Fuli to produce a few lazy part on culture, this system can appear problem. Euro region economy glides caused all sorts of contradiction, each country proper motion sends debt and outspread finance is caused excessive and indebted, caused crisis of debt of this Europe dominion. In fact, from Europe whole now economy actual strength, if it can unite debt, this crisis is not the issue with extraordinary what, did not exceed the indebted capacity of itself of whole Europe economy. Euro breaks down is economy breaks down certainly rear, economy did not break down, what the settlement of Europe debt crisis needs a few senses merely is harmonious with a few interests adjust, welfare system is not " only then the person that make tomb figure " .
Welfare system is the carrier of inheritance of a wealth of society, it is the method that distributes money and method, this method made sure neither one individual can enjoy whole wealth of society alone. As long as the people's livelihood and material benefits are appropriate, social politics can be stabilized relatively, people also can live and work in peace and contentment. Say so, welfare is very serious public money, in also can promote one state economically the countryman lowers savings ratio, increase consumptive gross and make market size expands ceaselessly.
Public money needs to accumulate more with inheritance
Long-term since, chinese society lacks a basic order that accumulates wealth. The history of a few chiliad of Chinese develops, go up from law in light of, besides land, will protect the inheritance of fortune without very good property right law. Uprise of dynastic changes, farmer is strip with fortune be flourish, do not care about will accumulate through order and regulation with inheritance fortune.
Did not accumulate the basic order of fortune, the property right system that stabilizes especially, those who bring is pair of public money distain and destroy. Ever went to Paris once, discuss with friend of accompanied a foreign country, europe handles a lot of traditions and contemporary thing very well, but why to tear open old building of these 559 years, is the top new not better? Friend of this foreign country says, this word also is not without reason, the difference on likelihood or culture idea, you are fond of more build, but we more esteem goes, more the stuff with old esteem. This word reflection gives a thing to just be opposite the different idea of fortune inheritance. Western society more esteem inheritance, oriental society more apt rebuilds, the thing that leaves to forefathers is contained distain a gender, hate cannot destroy after that fast. It seems that China is talk ancient theory today country, but be only too anxious to actually tore open ancient thing, build " I " thing.
Social development is with public money accumulate what be a foundation with inheritance in order. The person of each history times is willing to do sth unconventional or unorthodox, do not be willing to accept a tradition, this is the very big drawback of Chinese culture. But if did not carry on, does social progress rise from He Tan? Be told actually to social government and business management, on some kind of meaning, inheritance is more important than innovating. The steamer of process of open industry revolution, it is watt only to forefathers experiment machine improved, be not see crock lid is developed by vapour only the result that brainwave shows. Without the concept with joint society, do not respect public money, human society still goes before loitering around in slash-and-burn cultivation probably. Watch instead after entering modern society, we the conception to public money, program, design, the idea of neither one clarity and understanding, how does an an a society, country, city plan to manage after all, still be the idea of each mayor, lack accumulates the concept with inheritance, very difficult imagination can keep what money to descendants and society.
Property right system is helpful for the inheritance of public money
Speak of the inheritance of public money, a lot of people can think this is the child of state ownership naturally, this is " communal " and " communal " confuse sth with sth else. State ownership is to say a country to be arranged to the fee system of belongings, it is to allocate mode, can not enclothe communal concept. Communal those who point to is a few article that whole society has an opportunity to share and establishment, especially social infrastructure, if square of park, highway, subway, railroad, bridge, town is fortune, it is the thing that the society shares. Fortune also wants cent to be two kinds, or is private enjoy, or is to share, form of different property right system is right wealth of society especially the inheritance meaning of public money is different. If want to view system of which kinds of property right more the inheritance that is helpful for fortune, be about to who see more the requirement that has inheritance and foundation.
Above all, below individual property right, right subject is clear, more be helpful for public money accumulate, be helpful for the inheritance of individual fortune. Fortune wants inheritance, jural telling is money property right above all possessory it is who must be made clear. Public property right is made below, fortune property right is possessory it is a country; Demesne property right belongs to an individual. Advantage of some of property right illicit over property right is public, more be helpful for fortune accumulating, most be helpful for fortune inheritance. The constitution of a lot of countries emphasizes the divine sex of individual property right, the truth results from namely this.
Next, individual property right more the quality that is helpful for promoting fortune. If the quality of fortune is very poor, inheritance not, also do not have method to satisfy the anticipation of the effectiveness of people and inheritance, can become rubbish and burden only finally. For instance at present socially the project of bean curd broken bits such as a lot of estate, freeway, unfinished labour collapses, strong finish is maintained, life is very finite, what this forms is one caboodle GDP only (gross domestic product) number, is not the public money such as true bridge, highway, channel, there is not effectiveness finally. Demesne below property right, general metropolis with one one's heart accumulates riches owner and save money, with benefit descendants, thereby more the inheritance that is helpful for fortune. See Europe, the expenditure of past emperor and national finance are apart, royalty expense has a forces technically, have income source, have asset and management range, not be by the country finance is responsible for a task unit until it is completed entirely. That is to say, european royal has private property, build and so motivation is accumulated. Look again take a fancy to a country, royal does not have private property, idle away in seeking pleasure is to result from completely the treasury, the result uses influence to have, once lose power, can lose all money, be born with to struggle in keeping occupation force, which have time to build and be accumulated belong to familial fortune? More be too busy the quality of attend to fortune.
Individual property right is helpful for the individuation of fortune. Below individual property right, the right subject of fortune is an individual, individual difference and innovation show to be made in fortune with respect to conference put oneself in another's position, accumulate and on inheritance, make public gives individual character, make money rich opportunity and artistic union. But on the other hand, public property also has communal advantage, demesne can individuation, but communal and OK capacious and baronial. Below communal mode, the power ability of market throughout the country builds large dams of people congress hall, 3 gorge such infrastructure, this also is the money that the society needs. Accordingly, the capacity that also cannot create to the fortune below mode of public property right denies blindly. Country of capitalism of a few wests also is founded with what the mode of state-owned capital has public money, also be to mode of public property right draw lessons from.
Civilian rich it is essential, excel nation is rich
Speak of fortune, country Fu Hemin is rich the topic that does not circle namely. The nation is rich it is concept of a politics, because the country is a political concept, political category. Any person is to be in the country the life, no matter more or less is national volume, population mixed the difference of situation, put in national actual strength and the relation that the individual lives. Say commonly, a state is certain the total wealth of period is created by the countryman, go up from politics in light of, always put in the allocation of a fortune between government and countryman problem. The money that if the government masters,has is more, so the money that the countryman has can decrease necessarily, opposite conference appears " the country enrichs the people poor " , conversely, have " country end civilian is rich " . Accordingly, country Fu Hemin is rich it is an each other below gross the concern that becomes inverse ratio, mutual commutation.
In fact, civilian rich should be basic thing, real life middling constant because political system is different, so the countryman produces change with the relation of fortune, this is an unreasonable phenomenon. Will tell from some kind of meaning, national existence is the wealth that creates for protection and inheritance countryman, the purpose with rich nation is to be a countryman to be able to be in fair justice and safe environment create more wealth. The nation is rich it is to be subject to civilian rich, not civilian rich, the nation is rich namely water without a source, without this wood, a normal society should hide abound civilian, civilian rich namely the country is strong.
Accordingly, national levy taxes wants line of know how things stand and feel confident of handling them. The fortune of a country is the wealth that all countryman creates, the process of national levy taxes, have the process with reapportion to national fortune namely. The country is an abstract thing, it is by little part the person is mastered in reality. Accordingly, the process of levy is opposite by this little part person namely of all countryman fortune have and reapportion, unbridled ground levy, as good as at " rob " national fortune. Accordingly, national levy taxes should have a bottom line, want to decide with legal form governmental levy taxes is the same as the scale between national income, in order to ensure civilian rich preferential sex. The fairest thing in any societies is civilian rich for first, this should regard the mankind as civilized basic principle.
Luxury of rational look upon is consumed
Distaining gold is impoverished morality view, it is the moral reflex with self-abased heart, it is a kind of bias, this kind of bias brings disaster to compatriots almost, it is the moral view that should abandon, have deep love for gold, those who take having ability is road. And dazzle is rich consume behavior with exaggerated, after Bao Fuzhi come loose painstakingly the Buddha of the letter spirit of money and wealthy person, letter, psychology tendency that believes a Great Master, in the final analysis results from what poor institute remains is self-abased with insecurity. The eccentric investment of a lot of money public figures, if make roof garden, and curious beneficent behavior, if money is spread in street, just be in those days of abjection teenager pursue rich dream.
Mental fortune is the sublimate in process of corporeal fortune focusing only. if read the idea of be an official, reading is for be an official, division take an examination ofing is for advance body step, there is gold house oneself in so-called book, there is Yan Ruyu oneself in the book is call also. Accumulate corporeal fortune to need mental power, need humanitarian spirit and moral Jiaohua, and these mental nutrition become a system oneself, have fun and secret oneself. In independence and dissimilation process, cast off material to make mental money eventually, be loved by the mankind, indispensable. So, broke away from an empty hole invites the wind-weakness lends wings to rumors of mental fortune no more than of corporeal fortune, like the rural area of the zero of a castle in the air. Of course, the corporeal money that loses mental appearance resembles by shave light the pet dog of hair, naked, your popular feeling sends nauseous feeling.
The fortune view of contemporary compatriots is immature, often become the internal cause with diseased character, treat the manner of luxury for example.
Mention luxury, people always associates to grandiose waste, show off the bad side such as boastful, be rich but cruel, luxury consumption is become it seems that " Babylon " behavior. Actually, luxury is people is opposite more high quality " food and clothing lives row " pursuit, luxury is brought abundant, luxury brings the improvement of life character. Same, luxury brings consumption, it is consumptive impulsion, this is without doubt. Of course, in the process that luxury consumes, a lot of is worth the phenomenon of attention, have the problem of individual fortune already, still have the problem of public money, also have problem of difference of the rich and the poor, but from the mankind civilized angle is told, luxury is reasonable, should rational look upon.
Above all, luxury is sound phenomenon. Luxury is economic phenomenon, incorporate is the big, high quality, consumption that exceeds ordinary person level, have the explicit show of fortune actually namely. Luxury is reasonable, also be should, the improvement that seeks life character is the person's nature. Have money, want to stipulate to be right in limits in law only. A certain person is willing to consume luxury is a kind of individual behavior, it is a kind of individual right, the society also has a few regulation to luxury, ignore social morality bottom line and excessive and wasteful grandiose additional take one's leave was talked. Accordingly, luxury and morality have nothing to do, have degree to concern with fortune only. Luxury is the expression of difference of the rich and the poor, is not the reason of difference of the rich and the poor. Luxury is brought to the society abundant, bring the power that seeks money, be energy.
Next, luxury has times sense. In any society, luxury is an opposite concept. In primitive society, hanging a conch is luxury. Review reforming and opening more than 30 years this, watch, bicycle, color television, computer, mobile phone, such a variety of, all without exception once stayed " extravagant " shadow, as the move of the times, had made the daily articles for daily use of people. Accordingly, luxury is category of a history, is not an absolutely fortune constant. Different historical period, have different extravagant kind and content.
Again, luxury does not represent OK allocation unjust. Luxury consumption is reasonable, living to improving people also have active sense. But, reasonable do not be equal to allocate OK and unjust, borrow search by influence hire or consume luxury to the trample of national rights and interests, the allergy harmony that can cause the people only is denounced; It is OK that reasonable consumption is not meant a reckless waste of food, consumption is the individual's right, but after the individual has paid a money, be before everybody luxury finish, even somebody lends this challenge civilized bottom line, social place cannot accept this. Current our society is mixed to the bias of luxury view, germ is in this, have nothing to do with luxury itself actually.
