Does the economic great depression on the history have much dreariness?

"Plum grand pulls loud whistle, hoover rings noisy alarm bell. Wall street issues signal, rush in American past hell. . . . . . ..

This was 1929 a Tong Yao of new York children, like China, american children's song also is at that time one kind of social psychology is reflected.

1929 ～ the great depression 1933, let whole capitalist world understand what is called " economic crisis " , make Hesperian clear also can greet catastrophe of a society below peaceful condition. A few years in, the industrial production value of capitalist country dropped 44% , unemployment rate in 30 ～ the perch of 50% wanders, loss more than 250 billion dollar. And the First World War just loss 170 billion dollar.

Whole 20 centuries 20 time, it is the golden age on American history.

" marvelous Gaicibi " in the world of the live a luxury and dissipation life that show, it is the true portraiture of 20 time of American. The the First World War makes European country exhausted, gave the United States a tremendous chance however. American industry takes the advantage of empty and enter, race to control a lot of markets that attribute Europe formerly. In the meantime, new invention and new science and technology are born ceaselessly, whole society flourishingly up, the basin full earthen bowl that everybody earns is full.

Because many war borrows money, the debt that the United States calls in serves as guaranty with gold very much more, 20 time, the gold reserve of a country of American exceeded the in part of world gross, rich but enemy ball. On industry, "Taylor is made " and " Fordism " the invention of industrial pattern, huge increased American business specialization level and productivity. Especially the reform of Ford company, the Ford T that the quantity produces car makes private car large-scale the sale became a possibility.

This paragraph of period is period of be in power of American president Ke Lizhi, accordingly this paragraph of period is called " Ke Lizhi flourishs " .

But it is under prosperity, undercurrent is billowy, the seed of economic crisis, also be issued by American ethnic group in prosperity.

One of, be morbid state fry a room.

In 20 time, american people the enthusiasm to estate, the Chinese unlike now is low.

New York, Chicago, Bostonian these big cities, house price is unit rocket with the month, the price exalted and one room is difficult beg. And have delegate sense most, be " Florida fraud " .

Florida is located in American southeast ministry, climate warmth, the scenery is beautiful, be equivalent to American Hainan basically. Be in as a result of big city of the United States at that time region of northern 5 big lakes (new York, Chicago, Detroit) , in winter, the northern big city of bitter cold, the condition is far be inferior to Florida city.

Accordingly, a few estate business move brains, think the house property of Florida is well worth doing, begin vaunting Florida house property rise in price space. Before 1929, the house price of Florida rose in 3 years fivefold! Be in the Miami with house the maddest price, the Miami at that time has 75 thousand population only, having more than 20 thousand people unexpectedly is to be engaged in real-estate industry. 20 time Miami, it is the resort in heart of the person that the United States fries a room, the person that goes to Miami so, think the house price tomorrow of Miami can soare (does this clue have bit of look familiar? ) .

These Miami fry lodger, it is a batch of the most miserable people of the deficit in great depression. As the outbreak of great depression, american travel goes vacationing the blow of sex of market go to wreck, "Miami goes vacationing " made a joke, the principal that fries lodger to have a deficit is not had return.

Secondly, it is mad the stock market that go up.

The American stock market of 20 time, cannot have used " good " the word will describe.

Good to what degree? Think be out of pocket is impossible.

Statistic passes someone, from 1927 the beginning of the year arrives 1927 the end of the year, in stock market of whole United States, only two stocks are to did not go up, keep smooth, other stock is in mad go up. This means the stock market at that time in, you do not need to pick a stock, shutting an eye to buy can make money, what distinction depends on earning only is much and those who earn is little just. March 1928, a few the United States' biggest congenial companies rise jointly the stock of company of general motors of a good deal of average and American radio company, more sturdy the confidence of the stock market, according to later statistic, whole at that time society the investment fund of 80% inpour the stock market, the stock became the stability like bank deposit to invest channel in American heart.

Do not have a person to realize, the stock is the game that a drum sends a flower, share price is again high, if do not have buyer, early social evening has a day when break down.

director expert is warned at that time -- when a society in, brush shoemaker to be when investment share repeatedly, this stock market leaves break down not far.

Thirdly, it is incontinent loan.

(between big winter, a flock of people are in " world highest living standard " queue up to get below catchphrase relieve)

20 time are the time of the invention, sundry new invention is ceaseless emerge in large numbers. And the motive of contriver is quite consistent -- sell it go out!

Machine of crock of washing machine, bath, coffee, radio, dryer waits an invention a moment, all be born at 20 time. Businessmen the design advertisement of rack one's brains, let a countryman people the life that believes to do not have this furniture is half-baked.

And the quantity of Ford T car is produced, also let illicit home car become the mark of American family to match. In the advertisement that Ford films, family, a dog, a car, made a standard " American type lives " .

Be in the maddest 1927, 1928, open the old style car last year to become the issue that loses face for a kind repeatedly even.

Countryman people want to buy these new inventions, new furniture, but there is money in the hand, how to do?

Simple -- loan.

20 time, loan made the main trend that whole United States consumes. "Spend the money tomorrow, round today's dream " this catchword is born meanwhile. With different today, the American at that time should hand in a room to borrow a car not only, hand in various furniture to borrow even, loan buys the crock that connect bath, radio, motorcycle.

(20 time, the American undergraduate that wearing luxurious Pi Cao, their dress big probability also is loan those who buy)

In fact, be these incontinent loan, bleed white the consumptive ability of American. The prime cause that great depression erupts is, the consumptive capacity growth of American has not followed to go up the growth of productivity. Why to consume ability not to follow to go up? Because money is used entirely,will still borrow money.

Let us move time to 1929.

On September 3, the history that the Dow-jones Average achieved 386 a little bit is highest value, was 1921 of the nadir full sixfold much still. But Dow Jones index begins to drop subsequently, will drop to 376 bits on September 4, will drop to 369 bits on September 5. Subsequently all the way slow drop, to October 4, had dropped to 320 bits.

Although the stock market has all the time,go up have drop, but so large-scale drop for long make American very disturbed. A few people begin the share in undersell hand, await prices, a few people choose to continue hold, do not be willing to cut the flesh.

On October 24, 1929 midday, dow Jones index is in a long time in dropped madly 33 a little bit, drop to 272 bits. The confidence of American breaks down thoroughly, whole stock market is in everywhere undersell stock, prices falls to connect valuation implement do not follow to go up speed. Be called this later " black on Thursday " .

(black on Thursday that day, one jumps the shareholder of the building)

That day in the evening, whole country does not have Mian overnight, the saving that countless families come for years is between instantly come to naught.

The following day, the United States began national a run on a bank, people converts ready money in succession. The stock market continues bold and flowing, undersell become a common practice. The whole nation has more than 5000 banks to be forced to close down below a run on a bank up and down, cause more business failure then.

The bluff type that what business failure brings is obtain employment post drops, according to statistic, the United States is in 1929, increased 15 million unemployed population.

Make a person pay close attention to most in great depression, be American middle class drop.

If using American medium, say -- in this crisis, if American middle class is declining downward like falling body freely.

Although mention now great depression, what people thinks of is farmer pours milk into the Mississippi. But photograph comparing is mixed at agriculture manufacturing industry, the service line of business that middle class place relies on just is those who suffer lose is the most serious. Manufacturing industry and agriculture are large-scale only cut down the member of persons employed, and service line of business is large-scale close down.

" new York Times " describe at that time: Midnight knocks your door to beg to you the poor person of sandwich, the likelihood is the column reporter of newspaper, also be the bank manager that the generosity before a few months approves next loan to you likely.

To express oneself are mixed of the poor " distinction " , morning of middle class of a few United States resembles going to work all the same of same neatly dressed go out, actually the likelihood just goes from door to door promote a few small commodities. Even some of person has visited a few square directly reincarnate beg side, went cadging along the street.

(between big winter, a hobo that wears dust coat)

From two cars in the garage, there is black girl in the home, wearing formal attire to attend a party everyday. But ate to go up to do not have next pausing suddenly, wait for the boiler below rice to do not have oil to burn candle, american used what time of a few months achieved day and this land to span only.

Especially worker of a few banks, negotiable securities, they once were jobs of the optimal in American heart, became between one night however impecunious " white " get. Because their asset is the asset such as negotiable securities more, their insolvency is more complete than someone else.

(one cadges the hobo of sandwich)

Go vacationing? Cancelled, party? Cancelled, is birthday clique right? Cancelled. Never mention it these consumption activity, family of a few United States has a meal to want in rotation to eat repeatedly, person of the half in the home 135 have a meal, average person 246 have a meal, only weekday ability family has a bit thing together.

During great depression, also was born a lot of curious and eccentric inventions:

Because people cans not afford new clothes, factory of a flour of American catchs hop-pocket design and color, convenient client changes the clothes, spend a minute of money only, solve eat and wear.

"He kisses me no longer! " , this is a lipstick advertisement between big winter. Its advertisement word very the aimed at a class to decline woman with accurate essence -- labor and poverty let you cannot do his, lipstick had made the final cosmetic that you can have.

Had heard of medicine reducing weight, had heard of the medicine that add fertilizer? The drug adding fertilizer that sells between big winter, because hidebound and extremely emaciated girl becomes plumper,let.

The film is in talk feeling between big winter greatly popular, after all this world has held an egg so, if cannot give a person to was comforted again, is that everybody should break down?

Between big winter, still have a far-reaching creation --

Luncheon meat.

Because American common people eats generally between big winter not to remove the flesh, then mill of a pulp thought way, add pig shoulder meat amylaceous make it is potted, although not be the flesh, but quantity of heat is very high, very popular during great depression. Till today, luncheon meat still also is in China very popular.

Besides the invention, social configuration also is in produce change. Between big winter, maffia develops quickly. It is Chicago citizen is getting free food in the graph, and these food extend by Maffia namely.

Great depression of the United States arrived to just calculated complete end 1939 continuously all the time, time brings a great change to the worlds of 10 years affected the psychology of American generation person. People of these 10 years is called " flat generation " . The sort of self-confidence that American goes, the sort of flourishingly up supercilious spirit is attacked to break by great depression. But of Luo Sifu's president appear on the stage, had the effect of essential sex to the end of great depression, let the United States not was on fascist road. If the United States moves toward fascist with Germany, Japan really at the outset, result of that World War II is unimaginable really ～

(between big winter, the worker of new York to apply for a job)