At the beginning of 20 centuries, the United States basically is faced with all directions face to contradict: 1, great disparity of the rich and the poor. An investigation 1896 shows, the population of 1% has the money of 50% above of countrywide, the population of 12% has the throughout the country the fortune of 90% . 2, war of course north and south, although the black is obtained liberate, but their actual destiny did not improve truly, 3, the colour bar is able to behave through new form ceaselessly. 4, politics is corrupt, capital group holds those who control governmental policy to make.
Serious social contradiction stimulated large-scale worker and farmer movement, also aroused critically current situation, the tide that the requirement reforms, "Progress moves " spread out below this kind of setting namely. In this motion, media produced main effect, among them the famousest is name with the name of patriarch " McClure " (MacClure) magazine. Yi of this magazine female reporter amounts to Er of · tower shellfish (Ida Tarbell) the series article of compose builds up publish, disclose inside story of a plot of big financial group " the United States nots Petroleum Company " , it is among them masterpiece. The Stephen of · of another reporter Lincoln of this magazine this (Lincoln Steffens) of compose disclose new York the series article of behavior of municipal official corruption " urban disgrace " , be " progress moves " another classical.
Besides press, the literary work that still has a batch of gravity is published, be like Frank · Nuolisi (Frank Norris) novel " octopus " (The Octopus: A Story Of California, 1902) ; London of outstanding gram · (Jack London) novel " abyss " (The People Of The Abyss, 1903) ; Be stranded Pudu Xinkelaier (Upton Sinclair) novel " massacre field " . These literary work have influence of very great society and awe effect. Produced positive effect for American society modernization. For example, " massacre field " the brutal shadow that one book described Chicago meat-packing plant, bring about directly " pure food and drug law " come out.
In " progress moves " during spreading out flourishingly, contradict to solve a society, american government undertook the society reforms. 1901 American president Maijinlai by assassinate. Xiaoduo Luosifu (Theodore Roosevelt) the identity replace president with vice president, entered into an election contest 1905 be reappointed consecutively comes 1908. The policy that he pursues is called " progressivism is improved " . The reform measure that is worth to carry particularly among them has two:
The first, restrict forestall capitalism. The Xie Erman that the United States passed 1890 is antitrust law, opened a country to intervene economy restricts the beginning of forestall capital. But this law range is narrow, executive not do one's best. Xiaoduo Luosifurennei pursues antitrust measure energetically, limitative trust is malign expand.
The 2nd, coordinate labor-capital relations. May 1902, guest city 150 thousand collier goes on strike greatly, the demand increases salary and admit labour union, fulfil 9 hours of duty. Old Luo Sifu is right mine advocate inflict pressure, make the worker's requirement gets basically satisfaction, and the government is right of weak force group give aid to, make the change with afterwar the mainest capitalism.
Above two measure, make clear after entering 20 centuries, the function of American government appeared with change disparately before, make the United States has the feature of modern society more. Accordingly, political circles and academia allude improved history of the United States, say " arrive from old Luo Sifu of small Luo Sifu improved " .
