What once undertook about Russia is super drill, most propbably everybody somewhat hear of, opinions vary on the net, someone says is technical place is restricted, someone says economic reason, return somebody to say to drill blame nature phenomenon, even someone said to get hell (be these gossip, gifted its mystery colour) ... below we review simply first, what is Russia super drill a plan, analyse from inside numerous fokelore, should plan after all what to worth while and authentic positive result obtain?
Russia is super drill, namely Cora bore of exceeding operational depth, it is Russia was in 1970 a science that the area place of national boundaries of peninsula vicinity Norway has Cora drills the job (pure scientific research is used, the purpose is the scientific research competition that has with period of American cold war allegedly) , among them a the deepest bore is amounted to 12, 262 meters.
Above all popular science be opposite at present the understanding of earthly structure: The mankind's in-house to the earth exploration basically acts instead through seismic wave, the scientist discovers seismic wave is in below the mainland in 33 kilometre left and right sides, be in below ocean in 10 kilometre left and right sides produced tremendous mutation; In underground tremendous mutation happened again in 2900 kilometre left and right sides. This shows underground has two apparent interfaces, the physical property of next material on the interface has very big difference. The first interface is located in in 33 kilometre, wei Ji of Austrian scientist Mo Huoluo discovered 1909, abbreviation is " not suddenly face " . Another apparent interface is located in in 2885 kilometre, german scientist Gu Dengbao discovered 1914, abbreviation is " Gu Dengbao face " . Accordingly, scientists think, earthly interior can divide the homocentric circle layer that differs for 3 composition material and property roughly, most one outside calls a lithosphere, most central part calls the earth's core, among one calls mantle. If compare what earthly interior structure becomes a figure, it resembles an egg, centrosphere is equivalent to yoke, mantle is equivalent to albumen, the lithosphere is equivalent to chorion.
Crustal ply is inhomogenous, average ply makes an appointment with 17 kilometre, average ply arranges mainland part 33 kilometre, area of high mountain, Campagna (like Qinghai-Tibet Platean) ply can amount to the lithosphere 60~70 kilometre; Marine the earth's crust is thinner, average ply makes an appointment with 6 kilometre. Mantle is interpose the intermediate layer between the earth's surface and centrosphere, ply near 2900 kilometre, basically form by the compact material that concoct rock, this is earthly interior bulk a quality is the the biggest, greatest.
We return drilled problem below:
It is reported, in those days Russia is super a when drill main purpose wants to take the lead in be being explored namely not suddenly face (theoretic it is the bounds) between solid lithosphere and the mantle that are full of magma. Be in early 1957, american rocksy Wo Er is special awn gram offerred an ambitious plan. The core content of this plan is very simple, that digs a well namely, get whole lithosphere fully. Because this well wants to hit Moho discontinuity all the time -- on the interface of lithosphere and mantle, this plan is called " not plan suddenly " . 1961, after getting the government is aided financially, a flock of United States scientists begin to carry out " not plan suddenly " . In " not plan suddenly " in the first phase, they had quality of a group of experiments drill, the place that stands by Mexico in coast of madder of peace and tranquility got 5 deepness not to exceed 200 meters well. This is almost " not plan suddenly " all and immediate positive result, united States Congress was chopped 1966 allocate funds, plan to stop. Of that Russia super drill auger wear a lithosphere? Return apparently, ply still compares the lithosphere that goes up as a result of land apparently marine lithosphere is thick, amount to 33km on average, and many meters 12000 bore deepness is apart from this more distant still. That is drilled this after all obtained what positive result, why be stopped again, I think to need to make clear the following:
1, drill taking positive result. Acquired the core of alignment of layer of exceeding operational depth above all, have research value very much. Next the scientist still discovered in the hole of a lot of hydric, what gouge comes is silty if wayzgoose was vacated,send out ceaselessly euqally piece hydric, also be the phenomenon that deserves research very much. In addition, when it is reported should drill deepness to achieve 9500 meters, broach getting took a layer that contains gold and diamond. The cliff core that takes out makes clear via the analysis, golden content is as high as 80 grams unexpectedly / ton. Should know golden content achieves 4 grams / ton golden ledge has commercial exploitation value, golden content can be found to exceed 10 grams rarely in earthly surface layer / ton ledge, here is the treasure of gold almost under photograph comparing.
2, about digging an eccentric person of Tartarean door, occurrence green-faced and long-toothed-terrifying in appearance. . These occupy a story, it is good that everybody still looks, it is eyewash at all actually, be without textual research. If really these are not natural phenomenon, not only won't stop to drill, run its what risk, instead whole world scientist runs to consider, everybody knows human curiosity.
3, why to stop. Go up from the plan above all, the Soviet citizen is to want to continue to be gotten, see figure below, look from catchphrase, in those days the Soviet citizen still wants to continue to be gotten to 15000 meters. I consider as two reasons are brought about drill stop, one is technical reason, one is politics and economic reason. Above all exceeding operational depth drills technical itself is technology of a forward position, even if now, it is not easy also to get this deepness. Many meters 12000 underground is environment of high temperature high pressure. Our estimation, crustal temperature follows the addition of deepness commonly and escalate, every increase average depth 1 kilometre, temperature is elevatory 30 ℃ , so temperature of many meters of 12000 underground is close to 400 ℃ probably (far the sun surface temperature that did not reach hearsay) , below this kind of environment, broach damages very easily, continue to get difficulty greatly very big. 1983, drill deepness to already amounted to 12000 meters, and 262 meters are spent finally full 10 years, difficulty cans be imagined. The 2nd is political economy reason. 90 time, russia society is turbulent, hind disintegrate, each country is independent, in addition add economic depression, country and economic problem make cannot prop up this kind to cost profit of and rather than of tremendous, pure scientific research drill the task.
Is people still undertaking nowadays similar " super drill " plan? The answer is some.
Above all the angle from blame scientific research, the artesian well in oil industry is developing in artesian well of exceeding operational depth, try to extract crude oil of layer of exceeding operational depth. Although the super bore of this Russia ever was the deepest bore on the world, but this record was mixed 2008 was in 2011 the A Xiaoxin wildcat of Qatar (12, 289 meters) be in with Russia the Odoptu OP-11 wildcat of library page island (12, 345 meters) break twice, end 2016, rank world the 3rd. After believing, still have wildcat of more exceeding operational depth appear.
Next the angle from division take an examination ofing, the mankind thinks ascertain subterranean world all the time (as entering a month same, this kind of scientific research can be expended gigantic endowment, expanding economy nearly a few years mostly, and those who bring about this kind of research to did not get that kind each country home is like Alexandrine century take seriously) . Drill technical development as ocean, the mankind begins to place the hope at the lithosphere very small marine area. December 2015, come from 12 countries such as the United States, England, China 30 scientists are preparing to be in a name to be in the backbone in southwest the indian ocean " Yatelandisi decharge " place, try to undertake human history go up first " dozen wear lithosphere and mantle border " attempt. Still have no this to plan evolutional to report at present. No matter this is one " dangerous " act, believe the mankind is explored to subterranean won't stop!
