Confucianist ruler and influential officials people the morality that why likes to choose to be operated not easily goes running a country, and the law that does not choose justice?
Times changes, the society develops, human civilization evolves up to now... economic globalization, political democratization, diversity, include quality, peace and development make times theme and trend, ...
This is 16 centuries since open up of new air route, especially since two Industrial Revolution, human society productivity develops, the result that progress of science and technology, socioeconomy develops, it is world market forms extended result ceaselessly...
Also be economy for ligament world various places mutual connection deepens each nation, mutual influence is deepened, the world makes the kill of inseparable whole increasingly, also be varied civilized and mutual collision, the result of mutual confluence, the result that is the bloody colonial dilate that accompanies western industry big powers to be begun ceaselessly more...
At all times and in all over the world, any period, any countries, why is the choice planted political system, adopt what kind of regnant thought and national policy, depend on specific historical requirement (domestic international condition) , depend on the contrast of political force, depend on the volition of regnant group, interest and political requirement, and the history is traditional, historical culture waits an element a moment...
Chinese ancient time, period of age the Warring States, those who formed a tradition those who disperse is individual farming agrarian economy, be in the times that unites by disrupt trend to develop a tendency again, the times that is in war of annex of vassal contend for hegemony...
Although be to show,the Kong Mengru of this one period learns, but, confucianism those who learn what to advocate with country of rule of virtue, for politics with heart, execute the thought theory such as policy of benevolence, the need of war of annex of incommensurate vassal contend for hegemony, and suffer cold shoulder...
And Legalists Han is not child Legalists is academic... need timely reform according to reality, according to law state, build unified centralized nation, law, art, situation 3 person be united in wedlock... the need that got used to the current situation and gubernatorial political need, and be adopted by praise highly...
Ying Zheng of king of the Qin Dynasty is not with Han child Legalists theory is manage state affairs the regnant thought of manage politics... came true to destroy thereby 6 countries, unite countrywide great undertaking, built the multiracial centralized Qin Wangchao that our country unites the first times, initiated imperialistic period...
And Ying Zheng of king of the Qin Dynasty namely Qin Shi emperor, to consolidate political unity, take thought culture absolute, execute the hole that burn a book Confucianism, confucianism learn to suffer blow to inflict heavy losses on...
Chinese first, face economy destitute, 100 useless wait for promote, chinese great-great-grandfather Liu state, learn to be regnant thought with Huang Laozhi, adopt do-nothing and treat namely not absurd is, not optional, not tyranny... implement rehabilitate policy...
Through rehabilitate of 669 years, appeared " Wen Jingzhi is treated " , to period of Chinese fierce emperor, economy booms, national power is powerful and prosperous, be faced with again a series of social problem is like annex of local kingdom, land, hun edge suffers from wait for a problem... Han Wu emperor adjusts regnant policy in time " do-nothing and treat " become " promising and treat " ...
And Confucianism learn Great Master Dong Zhongshu mix the Legalists in the various schools of thought and their exponents during the period from pre-Qin times to the early years of the Han Dynasty, Taoist school and doctrine of the five elements of yin and yang, learned to undertake transforming to Kong Mengru,
The Dong Ru after transforming namely Xin Ruxue system just got used to times of Han Wu emperor, strengthen centralized, consolidate the need and gets Chinese fierce emperor comprehensive affirmation of big unify situation...
Chinese fierce emperor adopted Dong Zhongshu " v/LIT dismiss from office a hunderd schools, alone honour Confucianism art " proposal, carry out in the round Confucianism learn a series of measure such as education, make Confucianism learn alone honour and the government is changed, from this, confucianism the lineal thought that learns to make our country imperialistic period gradually, the mainstream mind that also makes our country traditional culture gradually...
Xin Ruxue system of Dong Ru, itself absorbed Legalists, Taoist school and the five elements of yin and yang to say, its core is monarchical power god is awarded, day person induction... the regnant thought of Han Wu emperor and regnant policy also are not onefold, be honour Confucianism still law, furthermore the political trickery with Taoist school, after also be follow the lead of of place of past dynasties monarch, far-reaching...
From archaic civilization to close (now) Dai Wenming's change, the agricultural society from the tradition the change to latter-day industry society, namely by the process that moves toward democracy autocratically, the course that administers trend law by the person namely...
Archaic history, basically be the history that a person studies, no matter be of the Confucianist " rule of virtue " , of Legalists " rule by law " , of Taoist school " do-nothing and treat " , its are the person is treated constitutionally...
Of ancient time lawfully manage state affairs and the latter-day distinction that treat state-owned essence lawfully... former law is announced to all subject, all subject outside dividing monarch is abided by, it is liege dominion, monarchical power is supreme, it is the law below autocratic monarchy, it is the person is treated substantially, be subject is equal before law, ... latter is people dominion, law is consummate, it is equality of person of legal face forefathers...
And latter-day democracy rules by law, experience of consequent also need develops perfect process ceaselessly, this is a long-term and difficult process...
Latter-day democracy rules by law, namely latter-day representative it is people dominion, indirect democracy, law is consummate, have capitalism representative with socialism representative...
The monarchy that England is a model (the parliament is made or make monarchy one yuan) ... it is capitalist representative...
Glorious 1688 revolution, establish of bourgeois and new noble regnant, 1689 " right act " principle of establish parliament dominion, the mark is worn monarchy begins establish, ... flower king chases pace gather into one and do not treat...
On 18 centuries half period, establish responsibility cabinet is made, ... by the parliament (next courtyards) the sachem of chair of the be in the majority in the election takes up the post of premier, ministerial member of the cabinet and premier are political with advance and retreat, responsible to the parliament... British democracy develops further...
Since 19 centuries, industrial Revolution is begun, occurrence parliament is reformed (1832 is first time) , general election of reform election qualification, enlarge cites right, ... industrial bourgeois shares political right...
19 centuries end at the beginning of 20 centuries, after Second Industrial Revolution, further progress perfects democracy... execute universal suffrage...
Accordingly, this problem -- Confucianism learn ruler and influential officials people not be because of what like and choose not easy operation morality runs a country, and the law that does not choose justice...
Must not choose because of them however -- this basically is to depend on the interest of the historical condition at that time and regnant group and political requirement...
In ancient time " rule of virtue " with " rule by law " is consistent constitutionally, it is the person is treated...
Of ancient time " law " with latter-day " law " substaintial distinction drips... former it is liege dominion, monarchical power is supreme, it is the law below autocratic monarchy, it is the person is treated substantially, subject is equal before law... latter is people dominion, law is consummate, everybody is equal before law...
Latter-day democracy rules by law, need develops perfect process ceaselessly, this is a long-term and difficult process... and democratic law has become the times that cannot defy to develop tide...
